高速公路弯道缓冲护栏装置设计研究

针对现有《公路安全设施设计细则》的传统护栏缺失对高速公路弯道护栏的设计细则问题,对车—护栏系统在急弯路段、高速、大角度发生碰撞的防护性能进行了研究,采用有限元仿真的方法(基于Pro-E建模、Hyper-Mesh前处理、LS-DYNA仿真),模拟小车以速度分别为80 km/h、100 km/h,碰撞角度为25°碰撞A级传统波形梁护栏,提出了从车辆行驶轨迹、车辆质心加速度、系统能量以及车辆损伤形态4个方面来系统研究护栏在碰撞中的阻挡、缓冲及导向作用,并设计了一种新型柔性缓冲防护栏结构。仿真结果表明:A级传统波形护栏与立柱的夹角小于60°,且最大瞬时减速度大于20g,不能满足法规规定的碰撞防护要求;而新型柔性缓冲护栏能利用防撞圈来缓冲碰撞过程,并且其最大的变形仅为传统护栏的14%,动能转化为内能的比率下降40%,能引导车辆以一定车速回到原车道,防止二次事故。     

可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的试验与仿真研究

介绍了可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的工作原理。针对某量产车型的前部结构设计制造了该碰撞缓冲吸能装置的样件,完成了样车的结构和控制系统的改装。建立了吸能装置的有限元模型,研究了其在正面碰撞时的响应特性。同时,采用台车碰撞试验的方法,研究了该装置在伸出及缩回状态下的高低速碰撞性能。仿真和试验研究结果表明,该碰撞缓冲吸能装置在伸出状态下能有效增加车辆的碰撞缓冲吸能空间,从而改善碰撞吸能过程,更好地保护车内乘员。在缩回状态下,该装置不会对原车型造成不利影响。     

TB级可导向防撞垫吸能盒拓扑优化设计

为了可导向防撞垫轻量化设计,基于混合元胞自动机的耐撞性拓扑优化方法,对可导向防撞垫吸能盒进行多工况拓扑优化分析,提取了吸能盒拓扑构型。并且利用正交试验设计方法,以车辆多工况碰撞中最大的加速度为考核指标,对矩型截面吸能盒的截面参数进行了优化设计,确定了矩型截面吸能盒的最优参数组合。最后,对正交试验优化前后的防撞垫进行多工况有限元仿真分析,并且将正碰工况下优化后防撞垫与现存防撞垫加速度对比,结果表明通过优化后获得的吸能盒较优化前缓冲性能更优,能更好的保护乘员安全。     

轻型货车正面碰撞吸能结构的设计与分析

轻型货车发生正面碰撞时,保险杠与车架是主要的变形吸能结构。为防止正面碰撞时保险杠失效导致车架过度变形,基于某轻型货车车架前端缓冲空间进行吸能结构设计,通过VPG和LS-DYNA软件的联合动态仿真,对比不同截面形状吸能结构的效率,得出高效的车架前端吸能结构。当某轻型货车发生正面碰撞时,吸能结构大量吸收冲击能量,缓解了传递给车架与车身的巨大加速度,起到了保护乘员和车辆本身的作用。     

汽车吸能防伤转向机构的设计分析

结合国内外吸能转向系统的研究,设计了一套吸能防伤转向机构,主要解决汽车在正面碰撞时转向柱如何更好吸收二次冲击能量的问题.利用有限元方法对设计机构进行碰撞仿真,通过对比验证,此机构具有较好的吸能作用,能更好地保护乘员在二次碰撞时的安全。     

某纯电动汽车实车碰撞安全性能的研究

基于某纯电动汽车正面碰撞的仿真分析后在座椅下方增加横梁的优化方案,对该纯电动汽车实车进行正面碰撞试验,分析了碰撞过程中驾驶员及乘员头部、颈部、胸部及大腿的受力情况,并对比了碰撞前后车辆的损坏情况。依据汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护国标要求,优化后车辆进行实车正面碰撞后驾驶员及乘员头部受力等评价参数符合法规要求、车辆状况符合法规要求,表明优化方案的有效性,提升了车辆的安全性,保护了乘员的生命安全。     

正面碰撞下后排乘员损伤预测研究

为完善车辆事故自动呼救(Automatic Crash Notification,ACN)系统对乘员的损伤预测,对后排乘员在正面碰撞下的各部位损伤进行了研究.首先根据实车50km/h下的正面碰撞试验建立正面碰撞下的仿真模型,并对模型进行验证;其次对模型设置不同的初速度,得到不同速度变化量下的后排乘员头部、胸部、颈部损伤...     

基于碰撞安全性的可导向防撞垫设计

针对目前可导向防撞垫的吸能单元在碰撞变形过程中挤压两侧波形板而导致波形板散落造成二次损伤的现状,从而提出了一种"H"型的吸能单元构型。根据我国《公路护栏安全性能评价标准》(JTGB05-01-2013)评价标准,设计了一种满足80 km/h碰撞速度的TA级可导向防撞垫,并通过建立车辆-防撞垫有限元仿真模型结合碰撞仿真试验,对TA级可导向防撞垫的碰撞安全性进行综合分析。结果表明,仿真计算所得车辆运行轨迹没有出现侧翻、攀爬和骑跨等现象,各碰撞工况车体的最大加速度分别为:17. 3g、16. 5g、14. 6g、8. 1g,满足碰撞安全性法规的评定标准要求。     

基于碰撞安全性汽车前防撞梁总成轻量化设计

前防撞总成是汽车正面碰撞时最重要的承载件,起到吸收能量和保护乘员的作用,也是轻量化设计的重要结构.根据前防撞梁总成的结构特点,选取横梁和吸能盒作为研究对象,选择材料、厚度、截面形式等方面进行轻量化方案设计,选择最大加速度、侵入量、能量吸收和单位质量承载力等作为优化设计目标,对不同结构的零件进行优化设计.并对优化设计前后...     

汽车后排可翻转坐垫在正面高速碰撞中的优化

以某车型为研究对象,建立了后排乘员约束系统的座椅-安全带-假人有限元模型,利用显式动力学软件LSDYNA仿真分析了50km/h正面碰撞中后排女性假人的各伤害指标,实车碰撞试验验证了仿真结果的有效性,在此模型基础上提出坐垫翻转系统,以坐垫翻转角度及起始翻转时刻为优化参数,对50km/h正面碰撞、56km/h与64km/h偏置碰撞等高速碰撞类型中假人的伤害指标进行优化,坐垫翻转系统对不同碰撞形式均可改进乘员伤害指标,并得出各类型碰撞中坐垫翻转参数的最优方案。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.