活塞头挤压工艺模具设计与数值模拟优化

分析DFL350型活塞头的成形工艺，设计活塞头的温挤压模具。并以Deform-3D为平台，建立活塞头温挤压成形的三维塑性有限元模型，对其成形过程进行了数值模拟，主要分析温度、摩擦因子、拔模斜度以及型腔结构对成形力和模具充填情况的影响，优化成形工艺和模具结构，得出变形过程中挤压件破坏因子分布图和行程载荷曲线，给出了DFL350型活塞头的温挤压工艺参数的选择、模具设计以及设备选择。     

铝合金控制臂多向挤压制坯及模锻成形工艺

提出了采用多向挤压工艺为复杂枝权类控制臂锻件成形锻造预制坯。选取典型的复杂铝合金控制臂锻件,通过有限元模拟分析,研究了多向挤压成形过程中毛坯温度、材料流动速度、流线及挤压成形力和模锻成形过程中的温度分布及模具充填情况。模拟结果表明:当坯料成形温度为540℃、模具加热保温至200℃时,挤压后两枝权温度为520℃,枝权头部温度约为480℃,无须进行二次加热。模锻成形材料变形均匀,模具充填效果好,飞边较小,表明挤压制坯与锻造型腔较好匹配。最后,通过多向液压机对模拟进行了验证,结果表明,多向挤压制坯成形工艺可以获得高质量的控制臂锻件预制坯,该工艺具有可行性。     

活塞头温锻成形工艺的数值模拟优化

分析某活塞头零件特点后,设计了温挤压和闭式模锻两套温成形工艺方案,基于Deform-3D有限元平台对两种成形过程进行了数值模拟.对比了两种工艺方案的成形载荷和温度场后,选择了闭式模锻成形工艺.研究了闭式模锻工艺不同润滑条件对锻件成形以及模具磨损的影响,为温锻成形活塞头的模具设计、工艺参数设定以及设备选用提供了依据.     

汽车蓄能器壳体件挤压成形工艺研究

基于Deform-3D软件平台,通过数值模拟对汽车蓄能器壳体件的挤压成形过程进行工艺优化。建立正交试验方案,分析各个因素对挤压成形过程的影响,以成形载荷作为评判标准确定了最佳工艺参数组合。通过实验最终得到了最佳成形工艺参数为:温挤压模具温度230℃,温挤压坯料温度1000℃,温挤压摩擦系数0.15,温挤压凸模速度12mm.s-1,冷挤压凸模速度8mm.s-1,冷挤压摩擦系数0.08。按照该工艺参数进行实际零件的挤压生产,最终得到了符合要求的成形零件。     

A356铝合金轮毂半固态挤压铸造成形数值模拟

通过建立A356铝合金的半固态表观粘度模型,采用计算机模拟方法对A356铝合金轮毂半固态挤压铸造成形工艺进行了研究.通过分析挤压速度、半固态浆料充填温度及模具预热温度对铝合金轮毂半固态成形性能的影响,探讨了不同条件下的金属流动特点和温度分布规律.结果表明,对该尺寸铝合金轮毂的最佳成形工艺:半固态浆料充填温度为600℃,模具预热温度为300℃,挤压速度为5 mm/s,保压时间为25 s.     

十字轴温挤压成形工艺及模具设计

根据汽车十字轴零件的结构特点及材料特性,设计了一套闭塞锻造的温挤压成形工艺方案,并基于Deform-3D软件,对十字轴在780℃加工环境下温挤压成形过程进行了模拟。通过对模拟结果分析,验证了工艺方案的可行性。优化设计了十字轴的闭塞锻造模具,结果能为十字轴类零件今后的生产工艺提供参考。     

一种轴承内外套圈毛坯复合温挤压成形工艺及模具

为了解决目前轴承套圈生产中普遍存在的材料利用率低、生产工序繁多、产品质量低等问题,提出一种轴承内外套圈毛坯的复合温挤压成形工艺和模具。该工艺采用一步复合温挤压成形出含有内外套圈毛坯的挤压件,然后利用两套冲裁模具将挤压件进行分离,得到所需尺寸的内外套圈毛坯。通过有限元模拟复合温挤压过程,结果表明采用上下压料卸料装置并施加合适的压紧力能获得到尺寸精度高、产品质量好的工件。     

锻造铝合金挤压成形工艺研究

对难变形的高硅铝合金活塞进行了工艺性分析,确定采用挤压成形工艺。根据活塞的形状特点、材料特性和技术要求,对活塞的挤压成形进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果,优化了坯料形状和尺寸,消除了粗晶缺陷,得出了合理的工艺方案。结果可为难变形铝合金活塞的挤压成形提供参考。     

气缸挤压成形技术

通过对气缸挤压成形三种工艺方案的比较,选择了一种更为合理的方案.设计了整套挤压模具,利用DEFORM-3D模拟挤压成形过程,通过模拟结果,分析工艺的合理性,进而改进模具以成形合格零件.采用本文中所述的加工工艺,可以减轻毛坯质量45％以上,有显著的经济效益.     

镁合金挤压铸造成形工艺及模具设计

研究镁合金间接挤压铸造工艺及模具设计的结果表明:用N2或Ar气排除挤压模具型腔中的空气,能防止镁合金液在挤压成形流动过程中产生氧化及夹杂.采用挤压充填速度为2.0～2.5m/s,挤压力为500kN,生产出了组织致密的镁合金挤压铸件;挤压模具的挤压活塞和定量室浇口套设计了独立的加热装置.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.