The time-frequency distributions of nonstationary signals based ona Bessel kernel

A kernel based on the first kind Bessel function of order one is proposed to compute the time-frequency distributions of nonstationary signals. This kernel can suppress the cross terms of the distribution effectively. It is shown that the Bessel distribution (the time-frequency distribution using Bessel kernel) meets most of the desirable properties with high time-frequency resolution. A numerical alias-free implementation of the distribution is presented. Examples of applications in time-frequency analysis of the heart's sound and Doppler blood flow signals are given to show that the Bessel distribution can be easily adapted to two very different signals for cardiovascular signal processing. By controlling a kernel parameter, this distribution can be used to compute the time-frequency representations of transient deterministic and random signals. The study confirms the potentials of the proposed distribution in nonstationary signal analysis     

Tomographic time-frequency analysis and its application towardtime-varying filtering and adaptive kernel design for multicomponentlinear-FM signals

Since line integrals through the Wigner spectrum can be calculated by dechirping, calculation of the Wigner spectrum may be viewed as a tomographic reconstruction problem. In the paper, the authors show that all time-frequency transforms of Cohen's class may be achieved by simple changes in backprojection reconstruction filtering. The resolution/cross-term tradeoff that occurs in time-frequency kernel selection is shown to be analogous to the resolution-ringing tradeoff that occurs in computed tomography (CT). “Ideal” reconstruction using a purely differentiating backprojection filter yields the Wigner distribution, whereas low-pass differentiating filters produce cross-term suppressing distributions such as the spectrogram or the Born-Jordan distribution. It is also demonstrated how this analogy can be exploited to “tune” the reconstruction filtering (or time-frequency kernel) to improve the ringing/resolution tradeoff. Some properties of the projection domain, which is also known as the Radon-Wigner transform, are characterized, including the response to signal delays or frequency shifts and projection masking or convolution. Last, time-varying filtering by shift-varying convolution in the Radon-Wigner domain is shown to yield superior results to its analogous Cohen's class adaptive transform (shift-invariant convolution) for the multicomponent, linear-FM signals that are investigated     

一种基于时间-频率特征分析的自适应信道化技术

针对按频率均匀划分子信道的数字信道化技术缺乏灵活性、资源利用率低等问题,提出了一种基于信号时间-频率特征分析的自适应信道化技术.对中频数据进行时-频分析,根据信号时-频特征参数差异对子信道进行跟踪、聚类,自适应动态调整参与反变换的子信道,实现宽带复杂调制信号的完整截获、跟踪、分离.仿真分析结果验证了算法的有效性,且其计...     

一种适用于椒盐-高斯干扰信号的自适应滤波改进算法

图像通信由于成像设备自身特点和通信过程中的光-电转换机制,一般含有椒盐-高斯干扰信号,信号交叉影响会导致单一的滤波方法效果不佳甚至失去作用。为了同时有效抑制两种干扰信号,提出了一种适用于椒盐-高斯干扰信号的自适应滤波改进算法。该算法首先通过干扰信号噪声点辨识与滤波窗口自适应扩展,计算信号噪声辨识过程中各扩展窗口归一化系数和一次加权联合滤波中间输出,然后利用多层级窗口中间输出值进行二次加权优化滤波,减少干扰信号噪声点对联合滤波输出的影响,最后针对计算量大的问题,在中值滤波过程中提出均值分割方法,提高滤波算法实时性。实验结果表明,该方法能有效抑制椒盐-高斯干扰信号噪声,算法实时性较好,优于多种传统及其演进滤波算法。     

一种基于自适应滤波的语音降噪方法研究

分析和研究自适应滤波和小波变换法的原理及方法,提出了一种新的综合使用自适应滤波和小波变换法的语音降噪方法。该方法首先用仿生小波变换法对带噪声的语音信号进行小波分解,将小渡变换法分离出来的噪声信号作为自适应滤波器的输入。最后选择用最小均方误差（LMS）的自适应算法对带噪声语音信号进行降噪处理,实现了信噪分离,去除语音信号中的噪声信号。实验结果表明,该方法对语音信号有较为明显的降噪效果。     

自适应MPAM解调方法研究

提出了一种新型的基于自适应滤波器权系数解调多进制幅度调制(MPAM)信号的方法.文中以常用的最小均方误差自适应算法(LMS)为例,讨论了新型的MPAM自适应解调的过程及其性能.该解调算法不需要自适应滤波器完成收敛,从而降低了采样频率和处理速度.给出的理论性能与仿真结果表明,MPAM自适应解调的误码率仿真结果与理论值吻合非常好;而且该方法具有抗干扰性能强、输出响应快、便于数字信号处理(DSP)技术实现等特点,在相同的采样频率下其误码率优于相关解调的误码率.     

Adaptive modeling and spectral estimation of nonstationary biomedical signals based on Kalman filtering

We describe an algorithm to estimate the instantaneous power spectral density (PSD) of nonstationary signals. The algorithm is based on a dual Kalman filter that adaptively generates an estimate of the autoregressive model parameters at each time instant. The algorithm exhibits superior PSD tracking performance in nonstationary signals than classical nonparametric methodologies, and does not assume local stationarity of the data. Furthermore, it provides better time-frequency resolution, and is robust to model mismatches. We demonstrate its usefulness by a sample application involving PSD estimation of intracranial pressure signals (ICP) from patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).     

On the time-frequency analysis based filtering

Efficient processing of nonstationary signals requires time-varying approach. An interesting research area within this approach is time-varying filtering. Since there is a certain amount of freedom in the definition of time-varying spectra, several definitions and solutions for the time-varying filtering have been proposed so far. Here we will consider the Wigner distribution based time- varying filtering form defined by using the Weyl correspondence. Its slight modification will be proposed and justified in the processing of noisy frequency modulated signals based on a single signal realization. An algorithm for the efficient determination of the filters ’region of support in the time-frequency plane, in the case of noisy signals, will be presented. In the second part of the paper, the theory is applied on the filtering of multicomponent noisy signals. The S-method is used as a tool for the filters’region of support estimation in this case. This method, combined with the presented algorithm, enables very efficient time-varying filtering of the multicomponent noisy signals based on a single realization of the signal and noise. Theory is illustrated by examples.     

Blind adaptive spatiotemporal filtering for wide-bandcyclostationary signals

An algorithm that blindly adapts spatiotemporal filters to extract from sensor array data one or more desired signals having known cyclostationarity properties is presented. This method, referred to as the spectral self-coherence restoral (SCORE) method, can accommodate multiple signals of interest, multiple interferers, and unknown noise, does not require complicated searches, and requires knowledge of only a cycle frequency of the desired signal. The SCORE method is reinterpreted using the framework of canonical correlation analysis and extended to accommodate wide-band received data that do not adhere to the narrow-band assumption. Background information on cyclostationarity is presented, and canonical correlation analysis is explained briefly. The SCORE method for wide-band array data is from the perspective of canonical correlation analysis. Results of computer simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the method and to compare it with that of the minimum-variance distortionless response beamformer     

形态学滤波与组合时频分布跳频信号参数估计

针对跳频信号参数估计中平滑类维格纳分布（WVD）运算量大和时频分辨率下降等问题,提出一种基于形态学滤波与组合时频分布的跳频参数盲估计方法。该方法首先利用短时傅里叶变换（STFT）和维格纳分布得到跳频信号的组合时频分布,然后通过形态学滤波得到清晰的时频图,进而估计出跳周期、跳变时刻和跳频频率等参数。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与直接利用平滑伪维格纳（SPWVD）进行跳频参数估计相比,该方法计算量更小,估计精确度更高。     

用于多分量线性调频信号的自适应核分布分析

该文针对多分量线性调频信号,提出了一种新的自适应核时频分布-自适应高斯核分布,并给出了有效的核函数估计准则;以自适应高斯核分布为例,分析了采用自适应核时频分布对信号自身项及交叉项的影响,从而说明自适应核相对于固定核的优势所在;总结了基于模糊域自适应设计多分量线性调频信号核函数的一般方法。计算机仿真结果表明了自适应高斯核分布在抑制交叉项并保持较高时频分辨力方面的有效性。     

Synthesis of fixed and variable networks for filtering nonstationary random signals

A technique is presented and illustrated for designing fixed or variable networks to filter nonstationary random signals. The technique may be used to select fixed or varying parameters of a specified linear filter or to determine a suitable filter configuration within the bounds of some constraint. Inasmuch as the ensemble mean-squared error (M.S.E.) is not an effective error criterion for this purpose, the integral of the weighted M.S.E.,Ie, is used. Necessary and sufficient conditions are determined for minimization ofIeby filters with some rather general constraints, and three examples of the solution for these filters are given.     

Inverse filtering based method for estimation of noisy autoregressive signals

In this paper we present a new method for estimating the parameters of an autoregressive (AR) signal from observations corrupted with white noise. The least-squares (LS) estimate of the AR parameters is biased when the observation noise is added to the AR signal. This bias is related to observation noise variance. The proposed method uses inverse filtering technique and Yule-Walker equations for estimating observation noise variance to yield unbiased LS estimate of the AR parameters. The performance of the proposed unbiased algorithm is illustrated by simulation results and they show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the other estimation methods.     

多分量信号快速时频分析方法

针对目前多分量时频分析方法计算复杂度高,难以实现持续信号实时处理的问题,提出一种多分量信号快速时频分析方法。该方法通过信号流逐窗时频变换,实现信号的快速时频分析,其主要计算过程为短时傅立叶变换,时间和空间复杂度低,易于工程实现。性能分析结果表明:该方法时频分辨率高,避免了交叉项干扰,能有效分析低信噪比信号。     

一种基于期望模型的自适应Singer模型滤波算法

针对使用固定模型滤波算法跟踪机动目标时滤波精度依赖于模型固有参数的问题,提出了一种基于期望模型的自适应Singer模型滤波算法。首先利用3组代表不同机动强弱的典型Singer模型组成基础模型集合,然后通过实时计算目标综合残差确定目标机动等级,根据目标机动等级的变化来生成期望模型,并实时扩充基础模型集合进行交互式多模型（Interacting Multiple Model,IMM）滤波。该算法降低了对基础模型选取的依赖性,具有更好的环境适应性,在目标不同机动状态下都能进行准确跟踪。     

An adaptive background reconstruction algorithm based on inertial filtering

To improve the detecting effects of moving objects, an adaptive background reconstruction algorithm based on inertial filtering is proposed in this paper. According to different properties of the moving foreground and ever-changing background, the current frame is added to the background with a specific weight value. So the background can not only keep steady, but also be reconstructed at a specific speed. Experimental results show that the algorithm can reconstruct the background quickly and effectively whenever the background changes slowly or suddenly, or the background is mixed with moving foreground, and it can improve the veracity and robustness of objects detection effectively.     

Carrier frequency estimation method of time-frequency overlapped signals based on cyclic correntropy spectrum

According to the performance degradation problem of the carrier frequency estimation method of time-frequency overlapped BPSK signals in Alpha-stable distribution noise,a novel carrier frequency estimation algorithm of the time-frequency overlapped BPSK signals based on the cyclic correntropy spectrum was proposed.The relationship between cyclic frequency and carrier frequency on the zero frequency section of the cyclic correntropy spectrum was deduced,which could be utilized for carrier frequency estimation.The proposed method can suppress the impulse noise and has better estimation performance than that of the contrastive methods.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.     

基于Radon-Ambiguity变换的LFM信号时/频差快速联合估计

提出了一种基于Radon-Ambiguity变换(Radon-Ambiguity Transform, RAT)的线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated, LFM)信号时/频差快速联合估计的算法.根据LFM信号在多个不同角度上的RAT峰值位置建立一组以信号间时差和频差为未知量的方程组,求解方程组即可得到时/频差的估计值.对于存在噪声的信号,RAT误差会导致方程组不能直接求解,为了抑制噪声干扰,采用最小二乘法估计时/频差.本文算法无需计算二维平面上各点的模糊函数值,并且由于离散RAT可以通过快速傅里叶变换快速实现,具有所需运算量低的优点.仿真实验表明,相比于常见的基于模糊函数峰值搜索的时/频差估计算法,本文算法在保证时/频差估计精度的同时能够显著提高运算效率.     

一种非平稳信号的DOA估计方法

利用空时频分布(STFD)矩阵估计非平稳信号DOA的关键是选择合适的时频点。用白化后的接收信号矢量构造STFD矩阵,利用该矩阵迹构造判决量来选择时频图的自项,将选择的自项的STFD矩阵平均,然后运用MUSIC算法来估计DOA。仿真证明:本文的方法可以很清晰的选出非平稳信号的自项,运用该自项点的平均STFD矩阵估计的信号DOA更准确。     

基于自适应滤波技术的NQR信号处理

研究了炸药探测中微弱核四极矩共振信号的处理方法.针对核四极矩共振信号极其微弱且存在严重的振铃拖尾干扰,设计了自适应抵消器,利用干扰信号间的相关性,有效抑制了振铃拖尾,把核四极矩共振信号从干扰中提取出来.提高了核四极矩共振信号的信噪比,提升了系统检测指标.