开关磁阻电机的模糊滑模控制策略研究

本文提出一种带有模糊滑模控制的开关磁阻电机转矩脉动抑制方案.针对SRM的非线性和时变性,设计了以电流偏差作为切换函数的滑模变结构控制器,并运用模糊规则对开关增益量进行智能控制,增强了系统准确性和稳定性.仿真结果表明此方案能够精确跟踪绕组电流,有效抑制转矩脉动,实现SRM电动机的高性能控制.     

模糊滑模控制和负载转矩补偿的异步电动机直接转矩控制

针对异步电动机(IM)转矩脉动以及抗干扰能力差的问题,设计了基于模糊滑模控制(FSMC)与负载转矩补偿的新型直接转矩控制(DTC),取代传统PID速度调节器的是一种滑模控制器.为解决滑模控制器中负载转矩脉动的问题,用模糊逻辑控制器取代了传统滑模控制律中的不连续部分,可以明显降低异步电动机在低速运转时的转矩脉动.提出了一种负载转矩观测器来估计未知的负载转矩.负载转矩观测器用来估计负载转矩扰动,估计作为速度环的前馈补偿.仿真结果表明:在低速负载转矩扰动时,该设计具有更好的动态响应和速度性能、更高鲁棒性和更强的抗干扰能力.     

基于滑模变结构的开关磁阻电机控制仿真

研究开关磁阻电机的非线性及转矩脉动是其较为突出的缺点.从滑模变结构的理论出发,通过将一类通用滑模变结构控制方法应用到开关磁阻电机的控制系统中.在开关磁阻电机精确模型未知情况下,利用滑模变结构控制的快速性和完全自适应性,实现对开关磁阻电机的有效控制.经仿真结果表明,方法能够有效降低开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动,并改善开关磁阻电机的动态性能,同时具有较强的鲁棒性.     

磁悬浮开关磁阻电机的自适应终端滑模控制

为解决磁悬浮开关磁阻电机受到外部环境未知干扰、内部参数摄动等不确定因素带来的影响,提出一种基于自适应终端滑模控制器的直接瞬时转矩及直接悬浮力控制策略.首先,对电机的数学模型进行分析并建立状态方程,采用直接瞬时转矩控制与直接悬浮力控制方法,以减小系统脉动;其次,设计非奇异终端滑模面,避免常规终端滑模控制中的奇异问题,并引入自适应律,结合终端滑模控制器以抑制不确定因素的干扰,保证系统的快速收敛、强鲁棒性;最后,与传统滑模控制器方法进行对比,验证该方法的有效性.仿真结果表明,所提出方法能迅速精准跟踪控制系统的转速及位移,有效提升状态收敛速度,抗扰能力强,具有良好的动态性能.     

多电飞机开关磁阻电机转矩控制系统研究

针对传统控制方式下开关磁阻电机(SRM)转矩脉动大的问题,采用了基于瞬时转矩控制的SRM转矩控制系统,通过模糊控制策略与重叠换相法来抑制转矩脉动。经模糊自适应PID进行速度控制并产生参考转矩,再由转矩分配函数给出相应的各相瞬时转矩,可求得各相瞬时电流,通过瞬时电流跟踪控制使电机电流跟踪,完成电机的转矩控制。并根据多电飞机(MEA)高压直流(HVDC)电源系统的发展需求,建立了270VDC、60KW的SRM转矩控制系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,相对于传统的平均转矩控制方式,控制系统可以有效减小转矩脉动。     

无刷双馈电机模糊直接转矩控制系统研究

针对传统直接转矩控制方法控制无刷双馈电机(BDFM)存在的转矩脉动大、开关频率不固定等问题,提出了一种基于DSP的模糊直接转矩控制策略。利用模糊控制系统设计软件Win FACT进行了模糊控制器设计,并将其转换为C程序代码后移植到DSP中,实现了无刷双馈电机模糊直接转矩控制系统的软、硬件设计。试验结果表明,该控制方法在保持传统直接转矩控制优点的基础上,能够有效减小转矩脉动,改善直接转矩控制的性能。     

开关磁阻电机直接转矩模糊控制器设计与仿真

开关磁阻电机具有严重的非线性及变结构、变参数和转矩脉动大等特点。针对系统稳定特性和实时响应特性的控制能力差,传统固定参数的PI控制难以获得理想的控制性能,目前常用的模糊控制器实质上是一个PD调节器,存在静差,为了克服传统方法的缺点,并降低开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动,提出了基于模糊自整定PID复合控制器的开关磁阻电机直接转矩调速系统。仿真结果表明:模糊自整定PID复合控制器能够明显改善系统的调速性能,克服了模糊控制存在的静差的缺点,并且降低了转矩脉动。从而证明上述方法的正确性,能够提高控制系统的性能。     

一种减少SRM转矩脉动的控制策略研究

开关磁阻电机(SRM)由于其简单的结构和优异的性能,应用范围很广泛,但其本身结构导致了转矩脉动的产生,为了解决这个问题,文章研究了一种控制策略—直接转矩控制,以减少开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动。文章详细阐述了直接转矩控制的基本原理和实现方法,并对基于这种控制策略的开关磁阻电机的控制进行了Matlab仿真。仿真结果表明直接转矩控制能够有效地减少开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动,且控制方法简单,系统具有良好的动静态性能。     

无刷双馈电机的模糊占空比直接转矩控制

针对无刷双馈电机在采用传统直接转矩控制方法时存在转矩和磁链脉动大等问题,对无刷双馈电机内部电磁关系、传统直接转矩控制产生脉动的原因进行了分析。在传统直接转矩控制中,当磁链所处位置不同时,所选电压矢量对转矩及磁链幅值的影响也不同。在此基础上,提出了一种基于模糊占空比调制的直接转矩控制策略,并制定了相应的模糊控制规则。将电磁转矩偏差、磁链幅值偏差及磁链角所处位置模糊化后送入模糊控制器,根据制定的模糊控制规则,确定一个控制周期内有效电压矢量的占空比;通过有效电压矢量与零矢量的不同作用时间来减小直接转矩控制时的转矩与磁链脉动。试验结果表明,基于模糊占空比调制的直接转矩控制方法在保持传统直接转矩控制优点的基础上,能够有效减小转矩脉动与磁链脉动,改善了无刷双馈电机直接转矩控制的性能。     

基于模糊理论的变结构控制及其在开关磁阻电机驱动上的应用

本文提出了基于模糊理论的变结构控制（FSMC）方法,通过在变结构控制中引人模糊逻辑,FSMC方法能够结合模糊控制和变结构控制方法的优点,补偿开关磁阻电机的非线性,提高系统对外扰和参数变化的鲁棒性,而且还能有效地减少开关磁阻电机驱动时的转矩脉动和滑膜控制的振颤.一系列计算机仿真和实验结果表明FSMC方法优于传统的滑膜控制和PI控制,验证了FSMC方法的上述优点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.