复合萃取剂萃取盐酸法湿法磷酸氯离子的研究

采用三辛胺-磷酸三丁酯复合萃取剂,对盐酸法湿法磷酸氯离子萃取工艺条件进行了研究,考察了有机相组成、相比、温度、时间对氯离子和P2 O5萃取率的影响.通过实验可知,当三辛胺与磷酸三丁酯体积比为2:1,萃取相比为4:1,萃取温度为25℃,萃取时间为25 min,有利于提高氯离子的萃取率和降低五氧化二磷的萃取率.     

焦化柴油氧化萃取脱氮技术研究

以过氧化氢-有机酸体系作氧化剂,采用氧化反应与溶剂萃取相结合的方法,对焦化柴油进行了氧化脱氮研究。考察了不同的氧化体系、氧化温度、氧化时间、氧化剂油比和萃取剂、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取剂油比对焦化柴油中氮化物脱除效果的影响。结果表明,最适宜的氧化脱氮条件为:过氧化氢-甲酸作为氧化体系,氧化温度为70℃,氧化时间为1 m in,剂油体积比为0.24,V(过氧化氢)/V(有机酸)=0.5。萃取实验条件为:在室温条件下,萃取剂油比为0.8,搅拌5 m in。精制后,柴油回收率达93.33%,总氮脱除率为94.69%。     

利用抚顺页岩油生产0~#柴油的研究

利用实验室自制复合溶剂络合精制抚顺页岩油脱除其中碱性氮化物,考察了反应时间、反应温度、剂油比、助剂加入量对精制效果的影响。确定最佳实验条件为:反应时间为5 min,反应温度为60℃,剂油体积比为0.06,助剂体积比为1∶1,此条件下精制油收率为91.62%,最后对精制油进行蒸馏萃取得到合格的0#柴油。     

甲基丙烯酰氯制备的研究

对甲基丙烯酸与二氯亚砜反应制备分离的方法作了改进,提高了分离纯度,研究了反应的各个条件.实验得出反应的最佳反应条件为:二氯亚砜与甲基丙烯酸的进料比为2:1,反应温度为60-64℃,回流6个小时.     

环己烯水合制备环己醇反应条件的优化

以粉末状HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂考察了环己烯水合制备环己醇的反应,分析了SiO2与Al2O3物质的量比和粒径对分子筛催化性能的影响,优化了环己烯水合反应的工艺条件.实验结果表明,SiO2与Al2O3物质的量比为25的小粒径HZSM-5分子筛催化效果最好,环己烯水合反应的较佳工艺条件为反应温度120℃、催化剂与水质量比为30:100、水与环己烯两相体积比为1:2,在此条件下反应3 h,环己醇收率达到15.4%.     

脉冲萃取塔回收废水中二甲基甲酰胺的研究

采用4种工业上常用的低沸点萃取剂对废水中的二甲基甲酰胺进行萃取比较,筛选其分离效果最好的萃取剂.通过单因素实验研究确定该萃取剂萃取二甲基甲酰胺的最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度10～25℃,萃取剂与废水体积比为1～2:1,脉冲频率为80次/min,脉冲振幅为25mm.废水中的二甲基甲酰胺质量分数由20%～40%降至0.5%以下,将萃取液精馏,回收得二甲基甲酰胺,其含水量为0.7%.     

含金属离子赖氨酸水溶液的萃取分离

采用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)作萃取剂,航空煤油作稀释剂,对含有钙、镁、钠、钾等金属离子的赖氨酸水溶液进行萃取,以蒸馏水作为反萃取剂对有机相进行反萃取分离实验.结果表明,原料液初始pH值在4～5、P204与煤油体积比为3:2、有机相与水相比为2:1、反应萃取时间大于30min、搅拌转速约200rpm时,能够取得较好的萃取效果.以初始pH值≥3.5的蒸馏水为反萃取剂,蒸馏水与有机相体积比4:1,在150rpm的转速下搅拌20min能够较为完全地分离出赖氨酸,然后在其它条件相同的情况下,用初始pH＜1的蒸馏水对有机相再次反萃取可分离出金属离子,从而实现萃取剂的重复利用.     

由辣椒粉浸出液萃取辣椒碱

以市售干辣椒为原料、95%乙醇为浸出剂,实验研究了溶剂萃取法由辣椒粉浸出液中萃取纯化辣椒碱的工艺条件. 在模拟体系和实际体系中均以正己烷和乙酸丁酯为萃取剂,考察了pH值和有机相/水相体积比对辣椒碱收率的影响. 结果表明酸化萃取步骤为工艺控制步骤. 模拟体系中pH值为11、体积比为7:1时乙酸丁酯对辣椒碱的萃取收率均大于90%,表明以乙酸丁酯为萃取剂,可以提高辣椒碱的浓缩度. 实际体系萃取结果与模拟体系趋同,但约20%的辣椒碱不能被萃取. 实际体系优化的工艺条件为辣椒粉用量50 g,250 mL 95%乙醇2次浸出,辣椒碱收率为97.0%;浸出液浓缩为浸膏并溶解于NaOH溶液中,在pH值13, O/W体积比1:1时萃取,再用盐酸调节水相pH<11,O/W体积比为1:5时用乙酸丁酯萃取,辣椒碱的收率为浸出量的80%左右.     

萃取与精馏耦合分离苯-甲醇的研究

研究了萃取与精馏耦合法用于苯-甲醇共沸物中的甲醇回收。通过实验手段从萃取剂选择、萃取比及萃取温度变化3个角度对萃取效果进行考察。实验结果表明,水的萃取效果最好,在操作温度35℃下,萃取比1∶1时,甲醇萃取分配系数为40. 0,选择性系数4 260. 8。在此实验数据上,提出以水为萃取剂的萃取与精馏耦合分离工艺流程,并运用流程模拟软件进行3塔连续模拟计算,得到了优化的工艺条件。模拟结果表明,当甲醇塔(T1)理论塔板数为15块、回流比为2,萃取塔(T2)理论塔板数为4块,回收塔(T3)理论塔板数为20块、回流比为2时,可得质量分数在99. 5%以上的苯和甲醇成品。     

茶叶废料中茶多酚提取工艺优化研究

文章采用正交实验的方法,研究了从茶叶废料中提取茶多酚的工艺条件,从而得到最优的提取条件。实验结果表明最优的提取条件为：乙醇的用量为1∶20,萃取时试液与氯仿比为1∶3,试液与乙酸乙酯比为1∶2,提取的最适宜次数为1次。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。