分层有限元模型下层合板声功率优化设计

基于遗传算法对层合板结构辐射声功率最小化进行铺设角优化;利用分层有限元模型求解层合板固有频率及振速分布;通过声辐射模态理论计算结构辐射声功率。以铺设角作为设计变量、辐射声功率作为优化变量,分别以某4层、8层层合板结构为例,研究不同频率时声功率最小化对应的优化铺设角。数值分析结果表明,在同一优化铺设角下,优化后第一阶声功率与辐射总声功率差别不大;对相同层合板结构而言,随频率增加声功率优化量增大;相同厚度下层合板铺设层越多声辐射功率优化量越小。     

复合材料层合板声功率及灵敏度研究

采用分层理论结合有限元模型分析复合材料层合板结构的振动特性,并用声辐射模态理论进行结构声辐射分析。在此基础上,分析声功率关于设计参数的灵敏度,推导声功率灵敏度的表达公式。以四层复合材料层合板为例,着重对声功率关于层合板结构铺层角度和铺层厚度的灵敏度进行了分析研究。数值计算结果显示在层合板基频处,辐射声功率达到最大值,同时在该处灵敏度有明显的升降过程。另外,对于低噪声层合板应以±45°对称的铺设将是最为恰当的设计方案。     

复合材料层合板结构振动声辐射优化

通过有限元法计算复合材料层合板结构的振动特性,然后采用瑞利积分进行结构的声辐射分析.在此基础上,给出考虑振动声辐射特性的复合材料层合板的优化设计模型,研究简谐激励力下的结构灵敏度计算,重点推导了声学灵敏度分析公式,并采用序列线性规划方法进行了优化求解.数值算例表明通过层合板铺层厚度和角度的优化可以有效降低结构的振动声辐射,同时验证了灵敏度算法的精度和优化方法的有效性.     

铺设角度与铺层顺序对层合板稳定性的影响

以层合板结构的临界屈曲载荷系数最大化为优化目标,基于改进型模拟退火算法对层合板结构铺设角度和铺层顺序进行优化。由于层合板结构的铺层角度是离散变量,模拟退火算法适合求解离散变量的优化问题。利用模拟退火算法优化层合板铺层,在算法内采用并行计算、引入记忆功能同时设置双阈值终止准则,有效地提高了优化过程的收敛速度,同时避免优化过程中出现局部最优解。以临界屈曲载荷系数作为目标函数,选取复合材料层合板的铺设角度顺序为设计变量,采用改进的模拟退火算法得出复合材料层合板的最优铺设角度以及铺层顺序。     

纤维缠绕复合材料压力容器在内压与非稳定温度场工况下的优化设计

讨论了面内力和法向一维非稳定温度场同时作用下复合材料层合板的优化设计。以层合板的各层铺设角为设计变量, 层合板的厚度为目标函数进行优化设计。作为算例, 对玻璃纤维缠绕增强塑料压力容器在内压及其内部介质温度突变到稳定温度场全过程逐时刻的不同工况, 进行优化设计。      

剪切载荷作用下复合材料层合板优化分析*

本文讨论了双向增强层合板承受剪切载荷使剪切屈曲线栽荷最大的铺层优化分析,文中首先证明了使剪切屈曲裁荷最大的最优结构必定是对称铺设结构,还通过结构的灵敏度分析证明了无论层合板层数是多少其最优铺设角不会超过三个,并说明上述优化问题还可作为单设计变量优化问题处理。     

复合材料层合板屈曲稳定性优化设计及其灵敏度计算方法

笔者在有限元分析基础上研究了以屈曲稳定性作为约束条件或优化目标的复合材料层合板结构优化设计及其灵敏度分析方法,重点讨论了屈曲临界荷载灵敏度对内力场和载荷的依赖关系及其在铺层优化、尺寸优化和形状优化问题中的不同计算方法,并在JIFEX软件中实现了复杂结构复合材料层合板优化设计方法。数值算例验证了本文算法和程序的有效性。     

采用响应面法的复合板结构噪声优化设计

针对复合材料层合板结构出现的噪声问题,将响应面法RSM(Response Surface Method)与遗传优化算法相结合,提出一种降低复合材料层合板声压级的优化方法。该方法基于四边形复合材料层合板结构建立有限元分析模型,通过三因子试验设计点设计试验计划表,结合最小二乘法构建复合材料层合板声压级的2阶响应面近似模型。以影响层合板噪声的显著因子为设计变量,层合板的声压级为设计目标,采用遗传算法对响应面近似模型进行优化,结果表明,使用该方法对复合材料层合板的噪声特性进行分析,可明显提高优化效率并为工程实际提供参考。     

基于等效模型的帽型复合材料加筋壁板优化设计

本工作提出了一种优化复合材料帽型加筋壁板稳定性的有效方法,该方法是基于在PATRAN软件中用单层板来模拟层合板的力学性能的想法。其中用层合板建的加筋板模型称为详细模型,改用单层板建的称为等效模型。对于航空结构中常见的帽型加筋壁板,本工作采用反映实际壁板形状的高精度有限元模型,分别建立了详细模型和等效模型。比较得出两种模型的一阶线性失稳因子和失稳应变基本一致,从而验证了将等效模型用于帽型加筋壁板结构稳定性分析的可行性。为了便于验证该优化方法的有效性,本工作只考虑加筋板的筋条厚度一致的情况。传统方法在优化蒙皮和筋条厚度时需要优化层合板的每个单层的铺层厚度和铺层顺序,本文提出的优化方法只需要解决单层板的厚度优化问题,相比本方法大大减少了设计变量。本工作用此方法优化得到了两个参数不同的复合材料帽型加筋板的最优屈曲性能,发现只需要2～4次迭代优化就可以收敛,收敛速度很快。     

基于几何因子的复合材料气动弹性剪裁设计

实现了基于几何因子的复合材料层合板建模,解决了几何因子与Natran的参数输入问题,并根据工艺约束中的最小铺层比例对几何因子可行空间进行了推导补充。在此基础上,提出了一种基于几何因子和Nastran的复合材料气动弹性剪裁优化设计方法。首先以总厚度和几何因子作为设计变量以及以Nastran作为求解器,以强度、刚度、颤振和发散速度以及几何因子相关性约束作为约束条件进行结构寻优,得到最优的铺层总厚度和几何因子。其次,以最优几何因子作为目标,进行铺层结构逆问题求解,约束条件为复合材料铺层工艺约束。因几何因子为铺层厚度和铺层顺序的表达式,与传统的多级优化相比,以几何因子作为设计变量可以避免铺层厚度和铺层顺序的解耦,进而获得更大的设计空间,且得到的铺层结构可以满足工艺约束。最后,对一矩形悬臂复合材料层合板进行剪裁设计,使得铺层结构满足气动弹性约束且质量最小。结果显示,运用该优化方法可以得到质量更小且满足工艺约束的铺层结构。     

Shape morphing of laminated composite structures with photostrictive actuators via topology optimization

In this paper, a new design method is presented for achieving remote wireless shape morphing of laminated composite structures using topology optimization methods. A recently emerging family of smart materials, photostrictive materials, is introduced as the actuation discipline to implement the active control of optical structures by utilizing the photostriction mechanism, which arises from the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light. In terms of the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation, a finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic, pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials polarized in 0–1 and 0–3 directions, respectively. The design is formulated as a multi-constrained optimization problem with a least square objective function to minimize structural shape errors. The topology optimization method is used as a systematic design approach to seek the optimal topologies of material layouts for both the photostrictive and host layers as well as the actuator light distribution. In terms of design sensitivity analysis, many gradient-based optimization algorithms can be applied to solve the problem effectively. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the field of active photonic control of laminated composite structures.     

Post‐buckling optimization of composite structures using Koiter's method

Thin‐walled structures, when compressed, are prone to buckling. To fully utilize the capabilities of such structures, the post‐buckling response should be considered and optimized in the design process. This work presents a novel method for gradient‐based design optimization of the post‐buckling performance of structures. The post‐buckling analysis is based on Koiter's asymptotic method. To perform gradient‐based optimization, the design sensitivities of the Koiter factors are derived, and new design optimization formulations based on the Koiter factors are presented. The proposed optimization formulations are demonstrated on a composite square plate and a curved panel where the post‐buckling stability is optimized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimisation of geometrically non-linear composite structures based on load–displacement control

A design optimisation methodology for beam reinforced composite structures with non-linear geometric behaviour is proposed. The formulation involves displacement, stresses, buckling and size constraints. The Newton–Raphson iterative procedure and the arc-length method are used for tracing equilibrium path and later updating the buckling load and the first ply failure load. The proposed sensitivity analysis model is based on an approach of the adjoint variable method for structures with non-linear geometric behaviour. The optimal design performs on a multilevel scheme based on structural efficiency maximisation exploring the anisotropic properties of the composites and weight minimisation using the ply thickness and the cross-section variables of the stiffeners. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed developments, optimisation problems considering first ply failure and buckling conditions are presented.     

修正偶应力理论层合薄板稳定性模型及尺度效应

该文将各向同性修正偶应力理论推广到各向异性,提出各向异性的细观尺度的复合材料层合板的本构方程,基于虚功原理建立了各向异性修正偶应力理论并用于建立复合材料层合薄板偶应力理论稳定性模型。该理论的偶应力部分的转角不是独立变量(称为C1理论),对于各单层引入纤维和基体材料的不同的两个材料细观参数,建立了适用于层合板/夹层板的偶应力理论模型。该理论的应变不对称,但是,用于各向同性材料与修正偶应力理论等价。为了便于工程应用,忽略基体材料的细观长度参数,建立了各单层只含一个材料细观参数的偶应力层合薄板理论稳定性模型。算例表明建立的偶应力层合板模型能用于分析层合板稳定性的尺度效应。     

Generalized Timoshenko modelling of composite beam structures: sensitivity analysis and optimal design

This article describes a new approach to design the cross-section layer orientations of composite laminated beam structures. The beams are modelled with realistic cross-sectional geometry and material properties instead of a simplified model. The VABS (the variational asymptotic beam section analysis) methodology is used to compute the cross-sectional model for a generalized Timoshenko model, which was embedded in the finite element solver FEAP. Optimal design is performed with respect to the layers’ orientation. The design sensitivity analysis is analytically formulated and implemented. The direct differentiation method is used to evaluate the response sensitivities with respect to the design variables. Thus, the design sensitivities of the Timoshenko stiffness computed by VABS methodology are imbedded into the modified VABS program and linked to the beam finite element solver. The modified method of feasible directions and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to seek the optimal continuous solution of a set of numerical examples. The buckling load associated with the twist–bend instability of cantilever composite beams, which may have several cross-section geometries, is improved in the optimization procedure.     

复合材料层合板稳定性的铺层优化设计

提出采用神经网络和遗传算法来优化设计复合材料层合板,建立了满足铺层结构稳定性的优化铺层体系,优化体系分两步进行优化,第一步,当给出总的铺层数时,由已建立的神经网络模型确定规定角度下的铺层数,确立基本的铺层结构,第二步,采用遗传算法优化这种铺层结构下的铺层顺序,最终在同样重量下获得了最佳的结构铺层。     

抗破片侵彻钢/芳纶纤维叠层复合结构优化设计方法

针对抗破片侵彻用新型钢/芳纶纤维叠层复合结构优化设计,基于4 mm钢板+12 mm芳纶纤维叠层复合结构、5 mm钢板+10 mm芳纶纤维叠层复合结构抗7.5 g FSP型破片弹道极限速度试验分析,进行了同工况下破片侵彻叠层复合结构的数值仿真计算;在验证数值仿真模型基础上,开展了7.5 g与10.0 g破片对4 mm、5 mm钢板叠加6~16mm芳纶纤维板组合成复合结构侵彻数值仿真,获得了相应的弹道极限速度;根据试验现象和数值仿真结果进行了钢/芳纶纤维叠层复合结构抗破片侵彻机理分析;根据此类复合结构的防护特点,以结构最小面密度为目标函数,建立了适用一定破片质量和撞击速度范围的结构参数优化设计模型;采用所提方法进行了抗撞击速度为1100 m/s的10.0 g破片侵彻的钢/芳纶纤维复合结构实例设计,通过试验验证了优化设计方法的合理性和实用性。     

A genetic algorithm with memory for optimal design of laminated sandwich composite panels

This paper is concerned with augmenting genetic algorithms (GAs) to include memory for continuous variables, and applying this to stacking sequence design of laminated sandwich composite panels that involves both discrete variables and a continuous design variable. The term “memory” implies preserving data from previously analyzed designs. A balanced binary tree with nodes corresponding to discrete designs renders efficient access to the memory. For those discrete designs that occur frequently, an evolving database of continuous variable values is used to construct a spline approximation to the fitness as a function of the single continuous variable. The approximation is then used to decide when to retrieve the fitness function value from the spline and when to do an exact analysis to add a new data point for the spline. With the spline approximation in place, it is also possible to use the best solution of the approximation as a local improvement during the optimization process. The demonstration problem chosen is the stacking sequence optimization of a sandwich plate with composite face sheets for weight minimization subject to strength and buckling constraints. Comparisons are made between the cases with and without the binary tree and spline interpolation added to a standard GA. Reduced computational cost and increased performance index of a GA with these changes are demonstrated.