Investigation on power output of the gamma-configuration low temperature differential Stirling engines

This paper provides a study on power output determination of a gamma-configuration, low temperature differential Stirling engine. The former works on the calculation of Stirling engine power output are discussed. Results from this study indicate that the mean pressure power formula is most appropriate for the calculation of a gamma-configuration, low temperature differential Stirling engine power output.     

A four power-piston low-temperature differential Stirling engine using simulated solar energy as a heat source

In this paper, the performances of a four power-piston, gamma-configuration, low-temperature differential Stirling engine are presented. The engine is tested with air at atmospheric pressure by using a solar simulator with four different solar intensities as a heat source. Variations in engine torque, shaft power and brake thermal efficiency with engine speed and engine performance at various heat inputs are presented. The Beale number obtained from the testing of the engine is also investigated. The results indicate that at the maximum actual energy input of 1378 W and a heater temperature of 439 K, the engine approximately produces a maximum torque of 2.91 N m, a maximum shaft power of 6.1 W, and a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 0.44% at 20 rpm.     

Performance of a twin power piston low temperature differential Stirling engine powered by a solar simulator

This paper provides an experimental investigation on the performance of a low-temperature differential Stirling engine. In this study, a twin power piston, gamma-configuration, low-temperature differential Stirling engine is tested with non-pressurized air by using a solar simulator as a heat source. The engine testing is performed with four different simulated solar intensities. Variations of engine torque, shaft power and brake thermal efficiency with engine speed and engine performance at various heat inputs are presented. The Beale number, obtained from the testing of the engine, is also investigated. The results indicate that at the maximum simulated solar intensity of 7145 W/m², or heat input of 261.9 J/s, with a heater temperature of 436 K, the engine produces a maximum torque of 0.352 N m at 23.8 rpm, a maximum shaft power of 1.69 W at 52.1 rpm, and a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 0.645% at 52.1 rpm, approximately.     

An experimental study on the development of a β-type Stirling engine for low and moderate temperature heat sources

In this study, a β-type Stirling engine was designed and manufactured which works at relatively lower temperatures. To increase the heat transfer area, the inner surface of the displacer cylinder was augmented by means of growing spanwise slots. To perform a better approach to the theoretical Stirling cycle, the motion of displacer was governed by a lever. The engine block was used as pressurized working fluid reservoir. The escape of working fluid, through the end-pin bearing of crankshaft, was prevented by means of adapting an oil pool around the end-pin. Experimental results presented in this paper were obtained by testing the engine with air as working fluid. The hot end of the displacer cylinder was heated with a LPG flame and kept about 200 °C constant temperature throughout the testing period. The other end of the displacer cylinder was cooled with a water circulation having 27 °C temperature. Starting from ambient pressure, the engine was tested at several charge pressures up to 4.6 bars. Maximum power output was obtained at 2.8 bars charge pressure as 51.93 W at 453 rpm engine speed. The maximum torque was obtained as 1.17 Nm at 2.8 bars charge pressure. By comparing experimental work with theoretical work calculated by nodal analysis, the convective heat transfer coefficient at working fluid side of the displacer cylinder was predicted as 447 W/m² K for air. At maximum shaft power, the internal thermal efficiency of the engine was predicted as 15%.     

Optimum absorber temperature of a once-reflecting full conical concentrator of a low temperature differential Stirling engine

This paper provides a theoretical investigation on the optimum absorber temperature of a once-reflecting full conical concentrator for maximizing overall efficiency of a solar-powered low temperature differential Stirling engine. A mathematical model for the overall efficiency of the solar-powered Stirling engine is developed. The optimum absorber temperature for maximum overall efficiency for both limiting conditions of maximum possible engine efficiency and maximum possible engine power output is determined. The results indicated that the optimum absorber temperatures calculated from these two limiting cases are not significantly different. For a given concentrated solar intensity, the maximum overall efficiency characterized by the condition of maximum possible engine power output is very close to that of the real engine of 55% Carnot efficiency, approximately.     

量子斯特林热机的回热特性分析

基于理想玻色气体的状态方程,分析以理想玻色气体为工质的量子斯特林热机具有非理想回热特性,导出循环的效率和输出功的表达式,并对结果进行一些有意义的讨论,所得结果将对斯特林热机的研究提供些理论依据.     

有限热源斯特林热机的优化性能研究

应用有限时间热力学方法,探索有限热源、热阻和回热损失的斯特林热机的优化性能,得到一些新的性能参数,所得结论可为斯特林热机的研制和优化设计提供些新理论指导。     

以Dieterici气体为工质的两类热机循环性能分析

对Dieterici实际气体作了简要分析,并以Dieterici实际气体为工质,分别导出卡诺热机和斯特林热机的输出功和效率的一般表达式.最后通过数值计算,讨论了卡诺热机及斯特林热机的输出功和效率分别与体积和温度之间的关系.所得结论可为热机的运行条件和优化设计提供理论参考.     

Integration of a free-piston Stirling engine and a moving grate incinerator

The feasibility of recovering the waste heat from a small-scale incinerator (designed by Industrial Technology Research Institute) and generating electric power by a linear free-piston Stirling engine is investigated in this study. A heat-transfer model is used to simulate the integration system of the Stirling engine and the incinerator. In this model, the external irreversibility is modeled by the finite temperature difference and by the actual heat transfer area, while the internal irreversibility is considered by an internal heat leakage. At a fixed source temperature and a fixed sink temperature, the optimal engine performance can be obtained by the method of Lagrange multipliers.From the energy and mass balances for the interesting incinerator with the feeding rate at 16 t/d, there is enough otherwise wasted energy for powering the Stirling engine and generate more than 50 kW of electricity.     

家用热电联供产品(MCHP)的设计要求与原动机的选择

探讨了家用热电联供产品设计要求，展现了燃气热气机作为家用热电联供产品原动机的优势，并分析了燃气热气机家用热电联供产品的应用前景。根据我国国情，MCHP的输出功率应以1kw为主，同时可输出热水功率4～5kW。MCHP要求体积小，重量轻，噪声低，适合在居住环境下使用。燃气热气机作为MCHP的原动机，其最理想的是采用自由活塞结构，但是目前采用斜盘式或摆盘式传动结构则更为现实。     

Ecological coefficient of performance analysis and optimization of an irreversible regenerative-Brayton heat engine

In this paper, a performance optimization based on the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) criterion has been carried out for an irreversible regenerative Brayton heat-engine. The results obtained were compared with those using the power-output criterion and alternative ecological performance objective-function defined in the literature. The design parameters, under the optimal conditions, have been derived analytically and their effects on the engine’s performance have been discussed. It is shown that, for the regenerative Brayton-engine, a design based on the maximum ECOP conditions is more advantageous from the point-of-view of entropy generation rate, thermal efficiency and investment cost.     

斯特林发动机管式加热器内振荡流动的换热特性实验研究

模拟管式加热器在斯特林发动机中的工作状态,研究加热器管内工作气体振荡流动的换热特性,得到气体压力、振荡频率等对换热的影响规律,进一步得到工作气体与管壁间的平均换热系数,并将结果转化为无量纲参数,比较稳定流动换热关联式计算结果与实验结果的偏差。实验结果可对斯特林发动机管式加热器设计、优化和换热性能预测提供参考。     

斯特林发动机的绝热分析

用绝热分析法建立并模拟了斯特林循环的理想绝热模型,仿真结果显示,增大循环压力能提高斯特林发动机的做功能力,这为以后建立非理想绝热模型和节点分析模型奠定了基础.     

Low pressure solar thermal converter

The current development of solar power converters with air as working fluid focuses mostly on concentrating collectors combined with hot-air engines, and on very low temperature solar tower concepts. Whilst concentrating collectors and Stirling engines need complex technology, solar tower converters have very low efficiencies and require large installations. Pressurized containers as energy converters offer the advantage of simplicity, but appear not to have been investigated in detail. In order to assess their performance potential, an idealised thermal pressure converter was analysed theoretically. Two improvements to increase the initially low efficiency derived from theory were found. Neglecting losses, maximum theoretical efficiencies ranged from 6.7% for a temperature difference of 60 K to 17.7% for a difference of 195 K. The low pressure solar thermal converter appears to offer development potential for low-tech solar energy conversion.     

斯特林机加热管积碳对其换热与循环特性的影响

以柴油机尾气为碳源,考察发动机加热管内流体雷诺数、流体温度和积碳时间对积碳量的影响规律,分析积碳量对加热管换热特性以及对发动机运行性能的影响。研究表明:同一工况下,管内积碳量随积碳时间近似线性增加(180 h);积碳量受雷诺数和流体温度影响较大,雷诺数为10 434时,积碳量最大,管内流体温度为110℃时,积碳量为1.645 6 g,约为190℃时积碳量(0.165 1 g)的10倍;积碳量较少时,可以强化加热管的换热性能,但随着积碳量的增加,换热性能逐渐降低;利用SIMPLE模型考察了管内积碳对斯特林循环的影响,随着积碳量的增加,斯特林发动机的循环效率和循环功率都先增加后减少。结合效能分析,提出在循环功率降低到初始状态功率以下时,此时单位面积积碳量约为5.11~6.88 mg/cm~2,雷诺数在3 688~33 523范围内,建议对斯特林发动机进行积碳检测和清洗。