设计结构矩阵在复杂产品协同设计过程的应用

将矩阵方法应用到复杂产品的开发过程中，用DSM（设计结构矩阵）量化表达复杂产品的设计流程，并通过DSM的分析与重构进行复杂产品的协同设计规划，以缩短产品设计周期，降低开发成本。     

基于有色Petri网的产品协同开发过程建模方法研究

产品协同开发过程具有层次性、分布性、离散性和动态性等特点,采用合理方法构建其有效的过程模型成为协同开发过程管理与优化的基础性条件.将有色Petri网(CPN)技术引入产品协同开发过程建模中,针对性地提出了产品协同开发过程CPN模型的描述性定义;并从协同开发特点出发,为支持基本过程逻辑的描述由工作流原语定义了基本网模型结构;为了描述复杂协同关系,结合模块化方法及库所变迁性质给出了扩展网模型结构的构建方法.该方法实现了将协同开发过程关系从基本到复杂都能映射到相应CPN网上,并通过实例进一步说明了该方法的有效性.     

产品协同开发过程中的知识数据管理模型

通过对产品协同开发过程中的知识数据的深入分析与研究,把知识数据概括成手册知识、实践知识。采用面向对象的知识表达方法,对相关知识数据进行了面向对象的表达分析,给出了产品协同开发过程中知识数据的配置模型。最后运用可视化建模技术UML构建了产品协同开发过程中的知识数据的数据库模型,为构建知识数据管理系统提供蓝图,以实现产品协同开发过程中的知识数据的有效管理。     

基于虚拟样机技术的水稻清选过程仿真在农业机械中的应用分析

目前，虚拟样机技术已成为提高现代产品设计性能的重要手段之一。运用虚拟样机技术，可以简化机械产品的设计开发过程，缩短产品开发周期，降低开发费用，提高产品的系统级性能，从而获得最优化和创新的设计产品。本文通过对比传统农业机械设计，介绍虚拟样机技术，并结合水稻联合收割机清选过程的虚拟样机设计实例来说明虚拟样机技术在农业机械设计中的应用。     

基于知识粒度的移动Agent虚拟企业协作研究

针对虚拟企业产品异地协同设计制造的要求,以及产品知识的复杂性、不确定性和时效性,对基于知识粒度的移动Agent 虚拟企业协作开发系统进行了研究.该系统通过启用不同粒度的封装知识模板,实现对虚拟企业制造资源的重构和封装;通过黑板协同机制实现Agent之间的数据通信及信息共享.实例表明,通过基于知识粒度的移动Agent技术,虚拟企业协作开发系统能够在网络环境下实现对知识的发现、调度和应用,改善网络异地协同合作,从而提高产品开发的敏捷性和降低产品开发成本.     

基于Web的产品异地协同设计平台的开发

基于Web的异地协同设计的开发平台,可以使参与产品研发的各种人员通过平台完成自己的设计或管理工作,实际上相当于组建了一个虚拟企业.本文通过对产品开发过程的分析,提出一种基于Web的协同设计平台的框架结构,并对具体实现的一些关键技术进行了讨论.     

三维信息模型协同编辑技术及系统

对现有协同设计系统在协同编辑方面的工作进行研究，在分析它们研究对象和方法的基础上，结合MCAM对大型三维信息模型设计的需要，提出并开发了网络MCAM系统。利用基于“消息”的通信机制，将设计中对三维信息模型的编辑过程包装为网络传输的“消息”，大大减少了网络传输中的数据量，并较好的实现了三维信息模型的协同编辑技术。     

基于用户体验地图的产品创新设计方法研究与应用

目的在产品创新设计过程中,基于用户体验全阶段、全过程视角来分析用户与产品、环境之间的复杂交互体验过程,减少项目开发人员之间对用户需求确认点认知的不一致性,保证概念设计方案的可靠性,提出基于用户体验地图的产品创新设计方法。方法首先通过用户体验地图将复杂的交互体验过程进行可视化显示,分析用户行为路径,梳理用户接触点、目标和期望,量化用户体验满意度水平,定位和描述产品痛点,发掘产品创新设计机会点;然后结合层次分析法对获得的产品创新设计机会点进行结构化的具体分析,量化用户需求权重,确定优选排序结果,以此对产品创新设计方案进行指导。结论以电动外卖送餐车的创新设计开发为例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,为相关产品的创新设计过程提供了参考。     

机械协同设计的任务规划与体系结构研究

机械产品设计在产品全生命周期中的重要性是不言而喻的,在设计过程中应用协同技术可以缩短设计周期,提高产品的市场竞争能力。设计任务的规划是协同设计的关键技术,也是一项十分重要的技术,它直接影响到设计能否顺利地进行,特别是对于大型复杂产品的设计更是如此。     

实时协同设计技术及其支持系统

针对实时交互型网络化协同设计过程的多主体性、协同性、灵活性、同步性等特点,分别对实时协同设计方法、图形学相关技术、实时协同交流技术等进行了详细论述,并在此基础上构建了实时协同设计平台的体系结构,重点阐述了协同浏览批注工具的设计和实现。该平台实现了以产品模型为媒介的协同设计与交流,可为网络化环境中的异地设计人员基于产品模型进行实时协同设计提供有力的支持。     

复杂产品开发项目系统化管理方法

为了克服传统的产品工程设计过程与项目开发过程相分割对产品项目开发整体绩效的不良影响,本文提出了一种复杂产品开发项目系统化管理方法。首先,产品工程设计过程用设计结构矩阵来描述并从改善信息流的角度对设计结构矩阵予以优化从而识别出具有迭代关系的活动。具有迭代关系的活动或通过解开迭代关系而变为串行或并行的活动或通过强化其迭代关系而组合成一个单一的活动。基于设计结构矩阵的优化结果是一组数量不多的设计结构矩阵。针对每一个设计结构矩阵构造相应的CPM网络图并计算相应的关键路径以及识别关键活动。然后,通过传统的“赶工计算”或增加关键路径上串行活动的并行度来识别可行的优化项目实施方案。最后,案例分析证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

An approach to identify the optimal configurations and reconfiguration processes for design of reconfigurable machine tools

A reconfigurable machine tool (RMT) is a special machine that can deliver different machining functions through reconfiguration processes among its configurations during the machine utilisation stage. In this research, a new approach is developed to identify the optimal configurations and the reconfiguration processes for design of the RMTs. In this work, a generic design AND-OR tree is used to model different design solution candidates, their machine configurations and parameters of these configurations. A specific design solution is created from the generic design AND-OR tree through tree-based search and modelled by different machine configurations. For a reconfiguration process between two machine configurations, a generic process AND-OR graph is used to model reconfiguration operation candidates, sequential constraints among operations and operation parameters. A graph-based search is used to generate all feasible reconfiguration process candidates from the generic process AND-OR graph. The optimal design is identified by multi-level and multi-objective hybrid optimisation. A case study is developed to show how this new approach is used for the optimal design of a RMT.     

Information deduction approach through quality function deployment for the quantification of the dependency between design tasks

The design structure matrix (DSM) has been widely known as an effective approach for the modelling and analysis of a design process for the manufacture of a product from the perspective of information flow. It provides a formal method to capture and manage the interactions and interdependences among design tasks. Nonetheless, the difficulties in constructing a reliable numerical DSM prevent wider applications of DSM and its derived techniques. In this work, an approach to quantify systematically the dependency between design tasks in a DSM is proposed. The proposed approach aims at estimating the coupling strength of tasks in a DSM by making full use of the information contained in quality function deployment matrices. To realize this, a house of quality matrix is first constructed, followed by transferring the information in the house of quality to an extended design deployment matrix, and then the dependence strength of each task–attribute pair in the extended design deployment matrix is analysed. The details of the proposed approach are presented. The performance of the proposed prototype is illustrated by using a case study on a burn-in system. The results obtained from the case study are discussed.     

建筑协同设计中冲突模型的研究

在分析了建筑设计的特点和建筑设计冲突产生原因的基础上,提出利用设计结构矩阵(DSM,Design Structure Matrix)建立建筑协同设计中的信息冲突模型。通过分解设计结构矩阵进行冲突检测,对循环迭代任务集进行设计任务之间信息依赖强度值的分析和排序,使冲突在一定程度上得以消解,从而指导建筑设计过程中子任务的重组,规划建筑设计顺序,对建筑设计过程中多学科的协调工作进行最优化处理。     

Delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) is a new manufacturing paradigm aiming at providing exactly functionality and capacity needed and exactly when needed. Reconfiguration is the main method to achieve this goal. But, the reconfiguration is an interruption to production activities causing production loss and system ramp-up problem and the ‘exact functionality’ may increase the reconfiguration efforts and aggravate the production loss and the ramp-up time. Therefore, a special RMS – delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system (D-RMS) is proposed to promote the practicality of RMS. Starting from the RMS built around part family with the characteristic of delayed differentiation, whose reconfiguration activities mainly occur in the latter stages of manufacturing system and the former stages have the potential to maintain partial production activities to reduce production loss during reconfiguration. Inspired from this, the basic structure of RMS is divided into two subsystems, subsystem 1 is capable of maintain partial production with a certain more functionality than needed, subsystem 2 reconfigure to provide exactly functionality and capacity of a specific part exactly when needed. And then, the benefits of D-RMS are analysed from inventory and ramp-up time aspects. Finally, a case study is presented to show the implementation process of D-RMS and validates the practicability of D-RMS.     

Feasibility study of the tactical design justification for reconfigurable manufacturing systems using the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) are designed based on the current and future requirements of the market and the manufacturing system (MS). The first stage of designing an RMS at the tactical level is the evaluation of economic and manufacturing/operational feasibility. Because of risk and uncertainty in an RMS environment, this major task must be performed precisely before investment in the detailed design. The present paper highlights the importance of manufacturing capacity and functionality for the feasibility of an RMS design during reconfiguration processes. Due to uncertain demands of product families, the RMS key-design factors, i.e. capacity value, functionality degree and reconfiguration time, are characterized by the identified fuzzy sets. Consequently, an integrated structure of the analytical hierarchical process and fuzzy set theory is presented. The proposed model provides additional insights into a feasibility study of an RMS design by considering both technical and economical aspects. The fuzzy analytical hierarchical process model is examined in an industrial case study by means of Expert Choice software. Finally, the fuzzy multicriteria model is sensitively analysed within the fuzzy domains of those attributes, which are considered to be critical for the case study.     

基于CORBA的可重构制造执行系统实现

基于可重构制造模式的思想,提出了适合制造行业的可重构制造执行系统的软件体系结构,采用该体系结构实现了MES的可重构性和可移植性。开发了适应实际功能需求的双联MES框架,实现了MES框架的重用。基于CORBA、软构件技术实现了可重构MES构件的设计和管理。分析并解决了MES构件开发过程中构件的获取、构件的设计、构件的描述与检索等关键问题。最后给出了基于UML的构件抽取过程实例。     

An object-oriented simulation architecture with real-time capabilities

Simulation that approximates real-time system response has previously been used to train operators in the use of system controllers. These simulations typically use architectures that are highly specific and tightly coupled to the system hardware. A formalized generic real-time simulation architecture is presented to decouple the simulation and provide a mechanism for implementation and rapid reconfiguration. This architecture distributes the state variables in the system by coupling them with manufacturing process equipment, specifically for the continuous process industries such as chemical, food and pharmaceutical. This design provides a mechanism for rapidly interchanging manufacturing equipment and simulation model components for discrete and continuous simulation, that facilitates operator training.     

A fuzzy approach for sequencing interrelated activities in a DSM

Production and manufacturing systems often involve a myriad of interrelated activities. How these activities are organised and scheduled has a significant effect on the success of a system. Recently, the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) has been regarded as an effective tool for modelling and scheduling interrelated activities. Based on fuzzy set theory, this study explicitly addresses the uncertain activity dependencies in our formulation and develops a mathematical model for sequencing interrelated activities in a DSM. Because of the complexity of the model, a new approach, which embeds an exact algorithm within a framework of a local search heuristic, is presented for solving large problem instances. Testing results demonstrate that relatively good solutions can be easily obtained by our approach, thereby providing managers with an effective tool for scheduling a large number of interrelated activities with uncertain dependencies.