采用两段式引射器的跨临界CO_2两相流制冷系统性能的数值模拟

对两相流引射器内部工质流动特性进行了数值模拟,通过在不同几何尺寸和不同工况条件下引射器性能分析来确定影响其性能的因素。分析了两段式喷嘴引射器在不同第一喉部流通面积和不同工况条件下的性能,以及两段式喷嘴引射制冷系统性能随着各参数的变化趋势:在固定气冷器出口压力9.00 MPa,温度43℃和蒸发温度6℃条件下,两段式喷嘴引射器性能随着第一喉部流通面积的增加先增大后减小,并在第一流通面积为1.54 mm2时取得最大引射比;当两段式喷嘴引射器第一喉部流通面积为1.54 mm2时,在模拟工况范围内引射器的引射比随着气冷器出口温度的增加而增大,随着蒸发温度的降低而减小;当气冷器出口压力和蒸发温度分别为9.00 MPa和6℃时,引射器的引射比在气冷器出口温度为43℃工况下取得最大值。     

CO2多联引射器双温制冷系统性能的实验研究

实验研究了CO₂多联引射器双温制冷系统性能,与CO₂传统增压双温制冷系统性能进行了比较,并探讨了并行压缩机的使用对CO₂多联引射器双温制冷系统性能的影响。实验结果表明,在实验工况范围内,对于不同的质量流量比,CO₂多联引射器双温制冷系统的制冷量和COP均要高于CO₂传统增压双温制冷系统,总制冷量和COP最高分别提升了约13.4%及23.8%;在CO₂多联引射器双温制冷系统中使用并行压缩机降低了多联引射器的引射比,但提高了其系统总制冷量和COP,对于不同的气冷器出口温度工况,总制冷量最高提高了约3.4%,而系统COP最高提高了约6.9%。使用多联引射器代替膨胀阀及使用并行压缩机均显著提升CO₂双温制冷系统性能。     

两段式喷嘴几何参数对引射制冷系统性能的影响

用引射器代替膨胀阀可以提高制冷系统COP,而影响引射制冷系统性能的重要因素是引射器性能。对使用不同喉部直径喷嘴的引射制冷系统性能进行实验研究,分析引射器两段式喷嘴第一和第二喉部直径对引射器和系统性能的影响。实验结果表明,在冷凝温度40℃、蒸发温度-10℃工况下,随着第一喉部直径增大,引射比先升高后降低,制冷量和COP均降低,喉部直径为1. 8 mm时系统性能最佳;随着第二喉部直径增大,引射比先升高后降低,制冷量和COP均先降低后升高,喉部直径为1. 4 mm时系统性能最佳。     

液体再循环方式引射制冷系统性能研究

本文提出一种采用引射器作为节流装置的液体再循环制冷系统,将气液分离器设置在蒸发器之后,利用高压制冷剂与气液分离器中液态制冷剂的压力差来引射液体,在不借助额外能量的条件下使蒸发器形成超倍供液,以改善系统性能。搭建了系统实验台,对该系统的引射比及系统性能的变化规律进行变工况实验研究,并与两相流引射方式进行对比。结果表明:在蒸发温度为-13～-6℃及冷凝温度为36～42℃两种工况下,采用引射器液体再循环方式的制冷量比两相流引射方式的制冷量提高了24.6%～45.9%,系统COP最大可提高14%;而当蒸发温度低于-13℃及冷凝温度高于42℃两种工况下,系统COP略有降低。同时发现,引射器进出口压差是影响液体再循环制冷系统中引射比的主要因素。     

多联引射器双温制冷系统的模拟研究

建立了多联引射器跨临界CO2双温制冷系统集总参数模型,并采用Matlab调用Refprop软件进行编程。对不同工况条件下的系统性能进行了模拟研究,分析了气冷器出口参数对系统性能的影响。模拟结果表明:在相同工况下,受气冷器出口温度的影响,系统制冷量及COP呈先增加后逐渐减少趋势,且气冷器出口压力越高,系统制冷量及COP峰值所对应的气冷器出口温度也越高;在相同工况下,受气冷器出口压力的影响,系统制冷量呈逐渐增加趋势,且在较高气冷器出口温度下,系统COP随气冷器出口压力的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,系统存在最佳气冷器出口压力,此时COP取得最大值。     

跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能实验研究

对跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能进行了实验,分析了工况及引射器几何参数对系统性能的影响,结果表明:在实验工况范围内,跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统制冷量和COP随气体冷却器压力的升高而升高,随气体冷却器出口温度的升高而降低。对于使用不同喉部直径喷嘴的系统,在相同工况下,引射器喷嘴喉部直径较大的系统的性能较好。对于使用不同直径混合室的系统,随着气体冷却器压力的升高,使用小直径混合室的系统COP变化较大;当气体冷却器压力较低时,使用大直径混合室的系统COP较高,而当气体冷却器压力较高时,使用小混合室直径的系统性能较好。在相同工况下,与传统跨临界CO2循环进行比较,两相流引射制冷循环系统COP最大可提高14%。     

跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能实验研究

对跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能进行了实验,分析了工况及引射器几何参数对系统性能的影响,结果表明:在实验工况范围内,跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统制冷量和COP随气体冷却器压力的升高而升高,随气体冷却器出口温度的升高而降低.对于使用不同喉部直径喷嘴的系统,在相同工况下,引射器喷嘴喉部直径较大的系统的性能较好.对于使用不同直径混合室的系统,随着气体冷却器压力的升高,使用小直径混合室的系统COP变化较大;当气体冷却器压力较低时,使用大直径混合室的系统COP较高,而当气体冷却器压力较高时,使用小混合室直径的系统性能较好.在相同工况下,与传统跨临界CO2循环进行比较,两相流引射制冷循环系统COP最大可提高14%.     

两段式喷嘴引射器及其引射制冷系统性能实验研究

对采用两段式喷嘴引射器的两相流引射制冷系统进行了实验研究,并将两段式喷嘴的引射比及其系统COP分别与拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比及其系统COP进行了比较。实验结果表明：在冷凝/蒸发温度为45 ℃/1 ℃工况下,使用不同几何尺寸两段式喷嘴引射器的引射比均大于拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比,最大提高了约18%;使用两段式喷嘴引射器的制冷系统COP大于使用拉法尔喷嘴引射器的制冷系统COP,最大提高了约12%;在蒸发温度为1 ℃条件下,两段式喷嘴引射器及拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比均在冷凝温度为45 ℃时达到最大值,而在冷凝温度为50 ℃条件下,两种引射器的引射比均在蒸发温度为3 ℃时达到最大值。     

电动汽车引射空调系统性能实验研究

本文提出一种电动汽车引射空调系统,该系统将车内蒸发器设计成前后排分离形式,并在其间加入引射器,以提高压缩机吸气压力,形成梯级蒸发,从而优化系统性能.实验研究了在不同蒸发温度、冷凝温度工况下电动汽车引射空调系统的性能,并与传统空调系统进行了对比.实验结果表明:在不同制冷工况下,电动汽车引射空调系统性能始终优于传统空调系统...     

空气源热泵供热参数特性实验研究

为了提高空气源热泵的供热性能,搭建了空气源热泵性能测试系统,进行了不同运行工况下的热泵性能测试研究,研究分析了冷冻水流量、节流阀开度,压缩机频率对热泵机组制冷量与制热量的影响.结果表明:一开始制热量、制冷量随冷冻水流量的增加而增加,当冷冻水流量超过一定范围时,此时压缩机吸排气压小,导致了制冷剂流量下降,从而造成制热量、...     

Hybrid vapor compression refrigeration system with an integrated ejector cooling cycle

A refrigeration system was developed which combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle. The ejector cooling cycle is driven by the waste heat from the condenser in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The additional cooling capacity from the ejector cycle is directly input into the evaporator of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The governing equations are derived based on energy and mass conservation in each component including the compressor, ejector, generator, booster and heat exchangers. The system performance is first analyzed for the on-design conditions. The results show that the COP is improved by 9.1% for R22 system. The system is then compared with a basic refrigeration system for variations of five important variables. The system analysis shows that this refrigeration system can effectively improve the COP by the ejector cycle with the refrigerant which has high compressor discharge temperature.     

Effect of throat diameters of the ejector on the performance of the refrigeration cycle using a two-phase ejector as an expansion device

This paper is a part in a series that reports on the experimental study of the performance of the two-phase ejector expansion refrigeration cycle. In the present study, three two-phase ejectors are used as an expansion device in the refrigeration cycle. The effects of throat diameter of the motive nozzle, on the coefficient of performance, primary mass flow rate of the refrigerant, secondary mass flow rate of the refrigerant, recirculation ratio, average evaporator pressure, compressor pressure ratio, discharge temperature and cooling capacity, which have never before appeared in open literature, are presented. The effects of the heat sink and heat source temperatures on the system performance are also discussed.     

Application of an ejector in autocascade refrigeration cycle for the performance improvement

This paper presented a novel autocascade refrigeration cycle (NARC) with an ejector. In the NARC, the ejector is used to recover some available work to increase the compressor suction pressure. The NARC enables the compressor to operate at lower pressure ratio, which in turn improves the cycle performance. Theoretical computation model based on the constant pressure-mixing model for the ejector is used to perform a thermodynamic cycle analysis for the NARC with the refrigerant mixture of R23/R134a. The effects of some main parameters on cycle performance were investigated. The results show the NARC has an outstanding merit in decreasing the pressure ratio of compressor as well as increasing the COP. For NARC operated at the condenser outlet temperature of 40 °C, the evaporator inlet temperature of −40.3 °C, and the mass fraction of R23 is 0.15, the pressure ratio of the ejector reaches to 1.35, the pressure ratio of compressor is reduced by 25.8% and the COP is improved by 19.1% over the conventional autocascade refrigeration cycle.     

Experimental investigation of a CO2 automotive air conditioner

In this study, a CO₂ automotive air conditioner prototype was designed and constructed. The compressor was of swash plate design; the gas cooler and evaporator were made of fin-tubes; a manual expansion valve and an internal heat exchanger accumulator were used. The lubricant, the CO₂ charge, the evaporator outlet pressure, the compressor speed, the air inlet temperature and flow rate of the gas cooler and the air flow rate of the evaporator were varied and the performance of the prototype was experimentally investigated in detail. The cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, CO₂ mass flow rate, and COP value were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the CO₂ system performance was greatly affected by different lubricants; the CO₂ system performance was sensitive to the mass charge; the high side pressure affected the system performance greatly and a high side pressure controller was needed.     

蒸汽压缩/喷射制冷系统喷射器设计及节能分析

蒸汽压缩/喷射制冷系统是一种有效的节能系统,可以减少节流膨胀损失,降低压缩机压力比,提高制冷系统效率。选择5种计算工况对蒸汽压缩/喷射制冷系统进行计算,研究喷射器结构与蒸发温度和冷凝温度的变化规律,并与普通蒸汽压缩系统对比,从制冷量、压缩机耗功、性能系数三个角度分析新系统的节能效果。计算结果表明蒸汽压缩/喷射制冷系统在低温工况条件下节能效果最优,制冷量最大可提高29%,压缩机耗功最大可降低65%,COP值最大可提高63%。     

Ejector expansion refrigeration system: Ejector design and performance evaluation

Use of a two-phase flow ejector as an expansion device in vapor compression refrigeration systems is one of the efficient ways to enhance its performance. The present work aims to design a constant-area two phase flow ejector and to evaluate performance characteristics of the ejector expansion refrigeration system working with R134a. In order to achieve these objectives, a simulation program is developed and effects of operating conditions and ejector internal efficiencies on the system performance are investigated using EES software. Comparison between present results and published experimental data revealed that the developed model can predict the system COP with a maximum error of 2.3%. The system COP increased by 87.5% as evaporation temperature changed from −10 °C to 10 °C. Finally, correlations to size ejector main diameters as a function of operating conditions, system cooling capacity and ejector internal efficiencies are reported.     

Experimental study on two-stage ejector refrigeration system driven by two heat sources

In this paper, an experimental study on a two-stage ejector refrigeration system driven by two heat sources is carried out involving system design, setup, operation and experimental evaluation. It is looked at by means of changing temperatures of evaporation, condensation, low and high temperature generation independently for the variation tendency of system performance (including total entrainment ratio and COP) and comparison to the conventional single-stage ejector refrigeration system at variable condensation temperatures that is achieved by the valve switching in this system. In terms of refrigerants, R236fa is selected for stability of the system operation. Total entrainment ratio and COP are increasing as the temperatures of evaporation, high and low temperature generation go up. Different from the conventional single-stage ejector refrigeration system, this two-stage system is finally found to be capable of supplying more refrigerating effect in situations where the condensation temperature is lower than 21.7 °C.     

Experimental evaluation of an ejector as liquid re-circulator in a falling-film water chiller

To experimentally evaluate the performance of an ejector working as a liquid re-circulator in a horizontal-tube falling-film evaporator with R134a, experimental tests are performed using a horizontal-tube falling-film water chiller prototype. Experimental observations on intertube liquid flow pattern of tube bundle validate the feasibility of the liquid re-circulation system using a liquid–liquid ejector. The analysis results show that the influence of the motive flow rate on the entrainment ratio of the ejector is small, and the average entrainment ratio of the ejector is about 2.03. With the increase of the valve opening of the regulating valve, the evaporating capacity of the falling-film water chiller rises 4.8%, from 940.2 kW with the re-circulation ratio of one, to 985.5 kW with the re-circulation ratio of 1.135. The COP of the falling-film water chiller reaches a maximum and then drops down with the increase of the re-circulation ratio, and the optimal re-circulation ratio is 1.135.