ED型活性染料轧染稳定性探讨

通过纸层析法得到Remazol、Cibacron、Everzol类活性染料的比移值(Rf),研究其同步上染性.结果表明:Everzol ED型活性染料比移值在不同浓度中差距较小,染液比较稳定,色相容易控制；在相同浓度下EverzolED型染料的Rf值较大,对纤维素的亲和力较小,适合作为轧染染料.     

Adsorption of basic dyes in a fixed bed column

The adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite has been studied by using a fixed bed column. The design procedures for fixed bed adsorption columns have been investigated for two basic dyes, Maxilon Goldgelb GL EC 400% (MG-400) and Maxilon Shwarz FBL-01 300% (MS-300). The effects of process variables such as bed height, volumetric flow rate, and dye concentration have been investigated. The results have been used to predict the effect of parameter changes on the system by using the bed depth service time (BDST) approach. The performances of the column charged with the natural zeolite were compared with those of the column charged with activated carbon.     

磷酸铵镁沉淀与沸石吸附组合工艺处理海水中的氨氮

大量陆源营养物质的输入是导致我国近岸海域富营养化问题的主要原因, 传统生化法对海水中氮磷处理能力有限, 天然沸石凭借较强的选择性离子交换性能已成为一种较为经济和高效的水处理材料。本研究通过穿透实验考察了天然沸石对海水中氨氮的动态吸附性能, 采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀和沸石吸附组合工艺对海水中氨氮进行处理。实验结果表明, 天然沸石吸附氨氮达平衡时间随过滤速度的增大而减小, 随滤层高度的增加而增大, Logistic模型能较好反映天然沸石对海水中氨氮的动态吸附过程。MAP沉淀法与沸石吸附法联用可以将海水中氨氮含量降低至较低水平, 适宜的滤柱过滤条件为:滤速20L/h, 滤层高度100cm。通过焙烧或NaCl浸洗处理能够恢复天然沸石对海水中氨氮的吸附能力, 300℃焙烧2h和1.5mol/L NaCl溶液浸洗24h条件下的再生率分别为99.38%和122.22%。     

Application of mesoporous magnetic carbon composite for reactive dyes removal: Process optimization using response surface methodology

Discharging the effluents of textile wastewaters into potable water resources can endanger the ecosystem, due to their reactivity, toxicity, and chemical stability. In this research, the application of powder activated carbon modified with magnetite nanoparticles (PAC-MNPs) as an adsorbent for removal of reactive dyes (Reactive black 5 (RB5) and reactive red 120 (RR120)) was studied in a batch system. The adsorption performance was evaluated as a function of temperature, contact time and different adsorbent and adsorbate concentrations. The levels of factors were statistically optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) from the response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the efficiency of the system. The adsorption process of both dyes was fit with the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The identified optimum conditions of adsorption were 38.7 °C, 46.3 min, 0.8 g/L and 102 mg/L for temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial dyes concentration, respectively. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum sorption capacities of 175.4 and 172.4 mg/g were obtained for RB5 and RR120, respectively. Thermodynamics studies indicated that the adsorption process of the reactive dyes was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. After five cycles, the adsorption efficiency was around 84 and 83% for RB5 and RR120, respectively. A high value of desorption was achieved, suggesting that the PAC-MNPs have a good potential in regeneration and reusability, and also can be effectively utilized in industrial applications. PAC-MNPs also show a good anti-interference potential for removal of reactive dyes in dye-industry wastewaters.     

Removal of Ammonium from Wastewater by Pure Form Low-Silica Zeolite Y Synthesized from Halloysite Mineral

Pure form, single phase, and highly crystalline low-silica zeolite Y was synthesized from natural nanotubular halloysite mineral by the hydrothermal method. In the synthesis process, the halloysite consisted of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ was used as starting material with adding supplementary silica and alumina sources. Ammonium adsorption properties of the as-synthesized zeolite Y were studied using batch experiments and the results revealed that its adsorption properties were strongly dependent on contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, temperature, and initial concentration. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm compared with the Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (ΔG ⁰), enthalpy (ΔH ⁰), and entropy (ΔS ⁰) were also determined, which indicated that the adsorption of ammonium on zeolite Y was a spontaneous and exothermic process at ambient conditions. Due to its low cost, high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate, the zeolite Y synthesized from halloysite has the potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of ammonium from wastewater.     

Evaluation of adsorption of cationic dyes on H-LTL and K-LTL zeolite

This article investigated adsorption of acridine hydrochloride (Ac) and acriflavine hydrochloride (AF) on zeolite L (in form of K-LTL and H-LTL) including ice hockey and round shapes in order to explore new antenna materials. The amount of the adsorbed dyes and the interactions between the dyes and zeolite framework were examined by the adsorption isotherms study. The study revealed that the adsorption isotherms are fit very well with the Langmuir model. Moreover, the thermodynamic quantities indicated that the adsorptions of both dyes on zeolite L are spontaneous, endothermic and highly disordered. The maximum loading (Θ_max) of AF and Ac on H-LTL and K-LTL with both shapes was in the range of 4.03–6.44 and 0.45–2.80 % by mole, respectively. The higher maximum loading of AF than that of Ac on zeolite L was explained in terms of the stronger interaction of AF with zeolite L than Ac. The morphology of zeolite L was found to have an effect on the adsorption of Ac and AF.     

Decolorization of disperse and reactive dye solutions using ferric chloride

The composition of wastewater from dyeing and textile processes is highly variable depending on the dyestuff type; typically it has a high chemical oxygen demand. This study examined the decolorization of some of the most commonly used disperse and reactive dyestuffs by destabilization using ferric chloride as a coagulant. Dye removal, distributions of zeta potential, concentration of suspended solids, changes of the SCOD/TCOD ratio and distributions of SV and SVI values were investigated in this work. Compared to reactive dyes, disperse dyes have lower solubility, higher suspended solids concentrations and lower SCOD/TCOD ratios. It was concluded that disperse dye solutions are more easily decolorized by chemical coagulation than reactive dye solutions.     

无机离子交换剂的Na-NH4^＋离子交换特性

研究以天然沸石为基体制备无机离子交换剂的方法;利用离子交换剂的吸附等温曲线,可得到阳离子最大的交换容量;通过离子交换剂的吸附动力学曲线,可求得吸附平衡时间。结果表明,以改性剂M为改性材料,在天然沸石与改性剂M质量比为4：1时制得的无机离子交换剂的阳离子交换容量最高,常温时能达50mg／g,平衡吸附时间约为2h。     

Dye removal from colored‐textile wastewater using chitosan‐PPI dendrimer hybrid as a biopolymer: Optimization,kinetic, and isotherm studies

Preparation of a biopolymer chitosan‐polypropylene imine (CS‐PPI) as a biocompatible adsorbent and its reactive textile dyes removal potential were performed. Chemical specifications of CS‐PPI were determined using Fourier transform infrared, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR. The surface morphology of the CS‐PPI surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results confirmed that the linkages between the NH₂ groups of PPI dendrimer and carboxylic groups of modified Chitosan were accomplished chemically. Two textile reactive dyes, reactive black 5 (RB5) and reactive red 198 (RR198), were used as model compounds. A response surface methodology was applied to estimate the simple and combined effects of the operating variables, including pH, dye concentration, time contact, and temperature. Under the optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal performance of 97 and 99% was achieved for RB5 and RR198, respectively. Furthermore, the isotherm and kinetic models of dyes adsorption were performed. Adsorption data represented that both examined dye followed the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics of both reactive dyes were satisfied by pseudo‐second order equation. Based on this study, CS‐PPI due to having high adsorption capacity (6250 mg/g for RB5 and 5882.35 mg/g for RR198), biocompatibility and ecofriendly properties might be a suitable adsorbent for removal of reactive dyes from colored solutions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Influence of monovalent cations and CuO nanoparticles on X-nanozeolite in uranium anionic species separation from contaminated drinking water

The main purpose of this work was the modification of NaX nanozeolite using copper oxide nanoparticles and various monovalent cations such as K~+, Cs~+, and Ag~+in order to make the negatively charged zeolite surface accessible for anionic forms of uranium which are the most dominant species of uranium in the contaminated radioactive waters at natural p H. Various methods such as the X-ray fluorescence(XRF), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS) were used to characterize the final synthesized absorbents. Batch technique was used to study the adsorption behavior of uranium ions from polluted drinking water by Na X nanozeolite and its modified forms. In order to better understand the performance of them, the results were compared with those that were obtained for synthesizing bulk NaX zeolite and Na-form of clinoptilolite natural zeolite. Preliminary results indicated that uranium sorption increased as the loading level of CuO nanoparticles on NaX nanozeolite increased from 2.1 wt% to 11.2 wt%. In addition,from the obtained data, an increase in uranium removal efficiency resulted as charge/ionic radius ratio of exchanged cation decreased. Also, the effect of contact time, solid–liquid ratio, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorption process was studied. It is worth mentioning that, in this study, the sorption of uranium was performed under natural conditions of pH and the presence of competing cations and anions which are available in drinking waters.     

Synthesis,physical properties,and application of aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/zeolite composite

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/zeolite (PGMA/Z) composite was prepared by free radical polymerization and it was further modified to contain amino groups on its surface, by reacting to hexamethylenediamine. FTIR, TG, and SEM analyses were performed and investigated its potential as an adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes; namely, Reactive Red 120 (RR120) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4). The effect of operational parameters was investigated. Maximum RR120 and RB4 adsorption capacities of composite were calculated as 136.5 and 189.8 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were also performed. It was found that the adsorption process might be heterogeneous by nature, and adsorption kinetics of reactive dyes followed the pseudo‐second order. The thermodynamic calculations showed that adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2313–2322, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

不同结构偶氮染料在TiO2纳米颗粒表面的吸附和光催化降解

为研究不同结构的水溶性偶氮染料在TiO2光催化剂表面的吸附和光催化降解行为,选择4种在印染工业中常用的水溶性偶氮染料：活性红MS、活性蓝B、酸性媒介黑PV和酸性橙156作为研究对象,分别考察在不同pH值和氯化钠存在条件下,TiO2光催化剂对它们的吸附行为和吸附模式,并通过数学模拟方法计算了其在TiO2光催化剂表面的吸附参数,还研究了它们在TiO2光催化剂表面的光催化降解反应. 实验结果表明,4种水溶性偶氮染料在TiO2表面的吸附量随着pH值的升高逐渐降低,而且当pH值处于4~8之间时吸附量下降最为显著. 在相同的吸附条件下,2种酸性染料在TiO2表面的吸附量高于2种活性染料,并且在氯化钠存在下它们的吸附量都得到不同程度的提高. 水溶性偶氮染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,活性染料比酸性染料具有更高的吸附平衡常数和覆盖率. 在TiO2对偶氮染料的光催化降解反应中,脱色率和反应速率常数随pH值的升高而降低,并且活性染料比酸性染料更易于发生光催化降解反应.     

Telechelic PEG-polymers end-capped with chromophores: Using as cationic reactive dyes and salt-free dyeing properties on cotton fabrics

In this article, telechelic polymers containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties as space groups were combined with chromophores to synthesize cationic reactive dyes (BCD-R, BCD-Y, and BCD-B). The salt-free dyeing performance of these telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes on cotton fabrics was evaluated. The exhaustion and fixation of the dyes in salt-free dyeing was above 89.33 and 77.22%, respectively. The color fastness of dry rubbing for the three dyes reached grade 4–5, and their color fastness to light reached grade 5–6. Their washing fastness also reached grade 4–5, except for that of BCD-Y (grade 3–4). The results showed that the dyes possessed good leveling and build-up properties and substantivity to cellulose fiber. The zeta potential (ξ-potential) of dyed fabric was estimated, and it was found that the ξ-potential of the fabrics increased after dying with telechelic polymeric cationic reactive dyes, and the more dye that was used, the greater ξ-potential increase. The exhaustion curves of dyes were also determined, and they were much different from those of anionic reactive dyes. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of BCD-R were investigated. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit of the experimental data at all three tested dyeing temperatures (25, 45, and 65°C) with R² values over 0.998. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models could be used to describe the adsorption of BCD-R onto cellulose fibers and the Langmuir model fit the experimental data better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔS, ΔH, and activation energy) of the dye adsorption process were researched further. The results indicated that the adsorption of BCD-R onto cotton fibers was spontaneous and exothermic and that after adsorption onto the cotton fibers, the degree of freedom of the dye decreased.     

Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 from coal fly ash produced by gasification and its application as adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from water

The coal fly ash produced by gasification is estimated to be over 80 million ton per year in China by 2021. It has mainly been disposed as solid waste by landfill. There is lack of study focused on its utilization. In this paper, the coal fly ash produced by gasification was at first analyzed and then applied to synthesize zeolite as an adsorbent. The effects of synthesis conditions on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite were investigated. The results from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope indicated that the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite is the most important factor to affect the CEC. When the synthesized zeolite with the highest CEC (275.5 meq/100 g) was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) was found to be 17.924 mg/g. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cr(VI) were also investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively.     

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by using Cold Plasma,Microwave Radiation and Formaldehyde Treated Acorn Shell

In this paper, cold plasma (CPTAS), formaldehyde (FTAS), and microwave radiation treated (MTAS) acorn shell obtained from Quercus petraea tree as biosorbent was characterized and its dye removal ability at different dye concentrations was studied. The isoelectric point, functional groups and morphology of acorn shell was investigated as adsorbent surface characteristics. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry were used. Methylene blue (MB) was used as model cationic dye. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The results indicated that the data for adsorption of MB onto treated acorn shell fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Comparison of adsorption capacities of CPTAS with FTAS has shown a significant increase by as much as about 30 mg/g (33.32%) in MB adsorption.The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order kinetic models were examined to evaluate the kinetic data, and the rate constants were calculated. Adsorption kinetic of dyes followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of dye adsorption were obtained. The results indicated that acorn shell could be used as a natural biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes.     

Removal Characteristics of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by Natural Mongolian Zeolite through Batch and Column Experiments

The removal characteristics of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) from model aqueous solutions by 5 natural Mongolian zeolites were investigated. The adsorption of metals on zeolites reached a plateau value within 6 h. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted with adsorption kinetic models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the zeolites was measured and fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The order of adsorption capacity of zeolite was Pb(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of natural zeolite depends on its cation exchange capacity and pH. The leaching properties of metals were simulated using four leaching solutions. The results show that natural zeolite can be used as an adsorbent for metal ions from aqueous solutions or as a stabilizer for metal-contaminated soils.     

离子液体金属配合物吸附废水中活性蓝19染料

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴代盐为原料, 合成含有离子液体咪唑基团和羟基基团的羟基化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体铁配合物, 并将其用于活性染料的吸附。考察了该离子液体铁配合物对活性蓝19的吸附影响因素及吸附类型。结果表明当离子液体铁配合物的用量为0.02 g, 在pH为4～5, 活性蓝19染料的浓度为0.05 g·L^-1, 体积为3.0 ml, 吸附时间为15 s时, 离子液体铁配合物对活性蓝19染料的吸附率为98%。以0.1 mol·L^-1 NaOH作为解吸剂, 可实现对吸附的活性蓝的洗脱, 解吸率为60%, 活性蓝19的回收率为54%。基于以上吸附方法, 可实现对印染废水中活性蓝19染料的回收。     

铁锰氧化物改性沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

铬污染是水环境的重要威胁之一.本文采用广东云浮产天然沸石制取了铁锰氧化物改性沸石,并对改性沸石进行了表征,对其吸附去除Cr(Ⅵ)的特性进行了研究.结果表明,铁锰氧化物改性沸石表面松散的颗粒杂质显著减少,多孔状结构得到加强.改性沸石和天然沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率均呈快速上升然后逐渐趋于稳定,分别在30min和50min时达到平衡状态.改性沸石吸附速率较快,去除率也得到明显提高.拟合结果表明,两种沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级反应动力学.加大沸石投加量在提高Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的同时也产生浑浊,综合考虑去除效果和实用性,用于除Cr(Ⅵ)的改性沸石最佳投加量为1.0g/L.随pH值的升高改性沸石的去除率略有增加,但pH值低于2.0时去除率显著下降.共存腐殖酸等有机物会产生竞争吸附,并降低Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率.     

Dye removal from colored textile wastewater using chitosan in binary systems

In this paper, the removal of two anionic dyes from textile effluent in single and binary systems was investigated. Direct Red 23 and Acid Green 25 were used as anionic dyes. The surface characteristics of chitosan were investigated using Fourier transform infrared. The effects of operational parameters such as chitosan dosage, initial dye concentration, salt and pH on dye removal were studied. The isotherms of dye adsorption were investigated. It was found that the isotherm data of Direct Red 23 and Acid Green 25 in single and binary systems followed Tempkin isotherm. In addition adsorption kinetics of dyes was studied in single and binary systems and rate sorption was found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics with a good correlation. Results indicated that chitosan could be used as a biosorbent to remove the anionic dyes from contaminated watercourses in both single and binary systems of pollutants.     

Tailoring Chitosan/LTA Zeolite Hybrid Aerogels for Anionic and Cationic Dye Adsorption

Chitosan (CS) is largely employed in environmental applications as an adsorbent of anionic dyes, due to the presence in its chemical structure of amine groups that, if protonated, act as adsorbing sites for negatively charged molecules. Efficient adsorption of both cationic and anionic dyes is thus not achievable with a pristine chitosan adsorbent, but it requires the combination of two or more components. Here, we show that simultaneous adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes can be obtained by embedding Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite particles in a crosslinked CS-based aerogel. In order to optimize dye removal ability of the hybrid aerogel, we target the crosslinker concentration so that crosslinking is mainly activated during the thermal treatment after the fast freezing of the CS/LTA mixture. The adsorption of isotherms is obtained for different CS/LTA weight ratios and for different types of anionic and cationic dyes. Irrespective of the formulation, the Langmuir model was found to accurately describe the adsorption isotherms. The optimal tradeoff in the adsorption behavior was obtained with the CS/LTA aerogel (1:1 weight ratio), for which the maximum uptake of indigo carmine (anionic dye) and rhodamine 6G (cationic dye) is 103 and 43 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The behavior observed for the adsorption capacity and energy cannot be rationalized as a pure superposition of the two components, but suggests that reciprocal steric effects, chemical heterogeneity, and molecular interactions between CS and LTA zeolite particles play an important role.