流水线式计算机上功能部件间的相互匹配关系

本文根据Cray-1计算机标量计算的工作方式和特点分析了它的存取速度、功能部件速度、指令流出速度和标量前沿寄存器个数之间的关系,并在这四者之间建立了相互联系的公式,据此公式可以解决它们之间相互匹配的问题。     

堆栈处理器代码生成器的设计与实现

堆栈处理器是一种面向嵌入式控制领域的处理器,其执行过程不依赖于通用寄存器而是硬件堆栈。文中以一款基于FPGA设计的16位堆栈处理器为平台,研究如何将一个C源代码转换成能够被目标处理器汇编器识别的汇编指令。为了能够迅速有效地实现代码生成器,文中选用LCC。LCC是一款可变目标的C编译器,通过重新书写目标处理器的描述文件,LCC可以生成特定处理器的汇编指令。文章的最后通过一个简单的测试证明了C语言是可以移植到堆栈处理器上的。     

基于EDA技术的定向型计算机硬件设计

为弥补TDN-CM＋＋实验装置的不足，利用EDA技术和VHDL语言，在复杂可编程逻辑器件ispLSI1032芯片上，设计一个定向型计算机硬件系统，使系统能够完成传送类指令、算术逻辑运算类指令等指令。仿真测试结果表明该系统达到设计要求。     

编址方式

在存储器中所存的数据必须访问和操作。数据的处理用一条PDP-11的指令(如MOV,ADD等)来规定。它通常指出: 功能(操作码) 确定源操作数所用的通用寄存器与(或)确定终点操作数所用的通用寄存器。 编址方式(指明所选的寄存器是如何使用的)。 因为用计算机处理的大部分数据通常是按一种结构的(按字符行、按数组、按表格等等)。PDP-11已经设计成有效而灵活地处理结构的数据。指令可以按下面的任何一种方法使用通用寄存器:     

流水线式计算机上功能部件间的相互匹配关系

本文根据Cray-1计算机标量计算的工作方式和特点分析了它的存取速度、功能部件速度、指令流出速度和标量前沿寄存器个数之间的关系,并在这四者之间建立了相互联系的公式,据此公式可以解决它们之间相互匹配的问题。     

螺旋转子的计算机绘制与消隐处理

本文以螺杆压缩机的转子端面型线为基础，建立了转子螺旋面的通用方程式，对转子的多头复杂曲线螺旋面的计算机绘制进行了研究，提出了消隐方法，解决了消隐问题，用C语言编制了转子螺旋面的计算机绘制软件，可用来绘制任何型线的螺旋转子，且具有绘图机输出功能。     

DNA计算机中堆栈数据结构的设计

数据结构的设计对DNA计算机的具体实现有重要的研究价值。本文在参考已有队列数据结构设计的基础上,利用堆栈的特点、DNA分子和限制性内切酶的生物特性,提出了DNA计算机中堆栈数据结构的设计方法,给出了堆栈的DNA编码及算法实例。实例结果表明了此设计方法在DNA计算机上的可行性和可推广性。     

UNIX和MC68000系列 MC 68000*CPU体系结构和UNIX兼容性的软件透视

MC 68000 体系结构概况在本文中,我们从程序员角度而不是从硬件的实现来讨论MC68000CPU体系结构。MC68000是一个通用寄存器的处理器,CPU含有众多的内部寄存器,它们能从主存装入,处理并存入主存。这和单累加器CPU如80286是不同的,在Intel80286中大多数操作在一个寄存器(累加器)中进行,也和面向堆栈的机器如HP3000不同,因它们的所有操作都发生在这个堆栈上。图1是关于68000的寄存器的说明。     

无线远程终端系统的设计与实现

为使手机用户通过手机轻松地控制计算机,研究开发了＂无线远程终端＂系统。利用手机登录WAP网站发送指令至＂信息中转站＂,再由＂信息中转站＂把指令转发给受控计算机,指令经过计算机处理后,受控计算机再通过＂信息中转站＂将运行结果返回给手机,从而实现了一个手机无线远程控制计算机的过程。此设计方法极大地提高了程序的耦合度,方便了用户操作,能够满足用户生活中的信息化需求。     

程序设计技术

为编写出充分利用PDP-11的功能和灵活性的程序,读者必须熟悉作为PDP-11基本设计原理组成部分的各种程序设计技术。虽然沿用普通的途径例如“面向累加器”的方式也可对PDP-11进行程序设计,但是这种方法不能完全利用PDP-11的结构格式和指令系统。 5.1 堆栈 “堆栈”在PDP-11中是内存中的一个区域,程序员用它暂存中间结果或子程序/中断服务链接。PDP-11的便于作“堆栈”处理的指令是很有用的而且是在一般低价计算机中找不到的特点。这些指令使程序可以动态地建立,修改、删除一个堆栈以及其中的一些项目。堆栈使用“后进,先出”概念,就是说,各项可以按顺序加入堆栈,并按相反的次序从堆栈中取出。在PDP-11中当把每项加入堆栈时,堆栈是从为它保留的最高单元线性地向最低地址扩展。     

New Products

Cray Research, Inc., has announced a new computer system, the Cray-1. According to Seymour R. Cray, architect of the system and president of the corporation, the Cray-1 is designed for scientific applications.     

Molecular dynamics simulation using the cray-1 vector processing computer

Algorithms are presented which enable molecular dynamics simulations of liquids to be performed most efficiently on the Cray-1 vector processing computer. For 256 atoms interacting via the Lennard-Jones potential the CPU time per step of the simulation is 22 ms.     

The influence of hardware and software considerations on the design of synchronous parallel algorithms

Matrix multiplication is used as an example to illustrate a method of transforming the specification of a problem into an algorithm suitable for execution on synchronous machines. The transformations are influenced both by the architectures of the target machines and their available high level languages. Three different synchronous machines, a conceptual MCC (mesh connected computer), the Cray-1 and the ICL DAP are considered as target hardware.     

Fast methods on parallel and vector machines

The implementation of fast numerical methods on parallel and vector computers is illustrated by describing the development of fast Fourier transform routines for the vector-processing Cray-1 and Cyber 205 machines. Various vectorization methods are presented for FFT's on the Cray-1. By performing a number of transforms in parallel, “super-vector” performance can be achieved. By modifying the algorithms slightly, multiple transforms can be implemented faster on the Cyber 205 (using 64-bit arithmetic on the 2-pipe model) than on the Cray-1, provided that enough transforms (of order 100) can be performed in parallel.     

Performance of a subroutine library on vector-processing machines

We describe the strategy adopted to enable selected linear algebra routines in the NAG Library to achieve high levels of performance on vector-processing machines. The routines have been restructed so as to perform the bulk of their computation via calls to simple kernel routines, which have been implemented in different versions to suit specific vector-processing machines as well as scalar machines. We present performance measurements for some of the kernel routines and some of the routines which call them, for Cray-1, Cray-XMP, Cyber 205 and FPS-164.     

The Best Deal in Town [Supercomputers]

At one time, supercomputing, a term that was synonymous with the Cray-1, was considered to be the best deal in town. However, by the 1990s, manufacturers began to question the need to continue the development of high-speed computers, turning their attention instead to the potential for developing a "high-capacity and high-speed national research and education computer network."     

Cray X-MP: the birth of a supercomputer

The authors' experience in designing and manufacturing the Cray X-MP supercomputer is described. The X-MP is a multiprocessor design built on the basic architecture of the Cray-1 and incorporates the 16-gate emitter-coupled logic gate arrays used in the Cray-2 project. The goal was a two-processor machine compatible with the Cray-1 but with performance 1.5 to 2 times better. The authors examine the architectural considerations. They discuss the use of electronic design rules and CAD (computer-aided design); the packaging, interconnections, and cooling; and assembly and testing     

A Compiler for an Array and Vector Processing Language

A compiler for a Pascal-based language Actus is described. The language is suitable for the expression of the type of parallelism offered by both array and vector processors. The implementation described is for the Cray-1 computer. An objective of the implementation has been to construct an optimizing compiler which can be readily adapted for a range of array and vector processors. As a result the machine-dependent sections of the compiler have been clearly identified.     

Optimizing numerical weather forecasting models for the CRAY-1 and cyber 205 computers

The Meteorological Office has recently acquired a Cyber 205 computer system which will be used to run large numerical models of the atmosphere and weather forecasting models. In particular a new operational forecast model has been developed for this computer and this is being coded to take full advantage of the vector capabilities of this machine. Development versions of this model have also been run on a Cray-1 at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. This has presented the opportunity to compare some of the features of these two computers. It is shown that in general numerical weather prediction models can be split into two sections, the dynamical and physical processes. In the dynamical processes the same operations are applied at every point in the integration domain and so these processes are readily vectorizable. However, the physical processes are conditional and intermittent in nature and use must be made of the mask/merge, compress/expand and gather/scatter class of instructions in order to vectorize these processes.