喷动床内气固两相流体动力行为的数值模拟

引　言喷动床被广泛应用于不同工业领域中 ,如石油裂解反应 -再生器、煤和农业废弃物气化和燃烧 ,喷动床还被应用于粮食和药品的干燥等[1] .因此 ,喷动床设计应满足不同应用的要求 .喷动床内气相反应物的反应时间和停留时间依赖于床体几何结构和运行参数 .尽管已有许多的实验对喷动床内气固两相流动进行了研究 ,得到了喷射区、环形区和喷泉区内的气固两相流动流体动力特性 ,然而由于喷动床内气固两相流动的复杂性 ,人们对床体几何结构和运行参数对喷动床动力学的影响至今并不清楚 .因此 ,床体几何结构和运行参数等对喷动床动力学的影响成为…     

喷动床反应器气固流动模型的研究进展

首先对喷动床流动特征参数关联式进行了扼要介绍,继而着重总结了近年来喷动床内气固流动模型(喷射区气固稀相流模式、环隙区气体渗流模式以及固体颗粒流模式)、以及喷动床放大规律等基础理论研究的进展。最后,提出了未来喷动床流动模型工作的突破点和相应思路。     

摩擦-动力应力模型研究喷动床内气固两相流动过程

考虑颗粒滑动的半持续性接触应力和颗粒碰撞瞬时接触应力对颗粒相应力的贡献,建立了喷动床内气体颗粒两相流动计算模型。采用颗粒动理学和Johnson 等的摩擦应力模型,数值模拟喷动床颗粒流动过程,获得了喷动床喷射区、环隙区和喷泉区内颗粒流动特性。模拟计算与He等的实验结果进行了对比。同时分析了摩擦应力模型对颗粒相黏度变化的影响,表明中速颗粒流的颗粒相摩擦应力模型将直接影响喷动床气体颗粒两相流动的预测。     

喷动床内气固二相流体动力行为颗粒动理学

应用气固二相双流体模型数值模拟了喷动床内流体动力行为,模型中采用稠密固相动力-摩擦应力模型。模型中同时考虑了动理学理论和摩擦应力理论。应用贴体坐标系使得网格与喷动床的倒锥体边界符合良好。模拟得到的喷动床内颗粒速度和浓度实验数据吻合较好。     

锥底喷动床内气固两相流的数值模拟

为了得到喷动床内流场分布的详细信息,给进一步的实验研究和工业放大提供理论依据,对锥底喷动床内气固两相流的流动状况进行数值模拟.使用欧拉模型进行计算,得到稳定的喷动区、环隙区和喷泉区等喷动床典型流动特征.考察喷动床内颗粒相在喷动区、环隙区和喷泉区的速度分布以及空隙率和颗粒体积分率的分布.计算结果同实验观察得到的结果相符.     

喷动床技术在烟气脱硫中的应用及最新进展

从结构、特点等方面简介了近年来出现的几类喷动床,包括典型喷动床、多喷头喷动床、喷动-流化床、带导向管的喷动床、内循环喷动床等。对喷动床技术在烟气脱硫中的应用和最新进展进行了综述,叙述了粉末-颗粒喷动床半干法脱硫和喷雾-喷动床半干法烟气脱硫的基本原理、优缺点、影响脱硫的因素等;并对这两种脱硫方法的共性和个性进行了比较。说明了喷动床脱硫技术具有流态化性能好、传热传质效率高、脱硫效果好等突出优点,特别适合于中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫。     

喷动床内气固二相流动行为的计算模拟

采用双流体模型结合颗粒动理学理论对喷动床内气固二相流体流动行为进行了计算模拟研究。模型中运用颗粒动理学理论描述颗粒相应力封闭流体控制方程,使用Gidaspow曳力模型描述气固相间作用。喷动床内颗粒在浓相区的体积分数很大,采用Schaeffer′s模型描述颗粒间的摩擦应力。模拟计算结果表明,喷动床内分喷射区、喷泉区、环隙区3个区域,在射流入口处形成一个瓶颈。模拟计算得到的颗粒速度和空隙度分布与实验数据进行比较,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

粉-粒喷动床的基础与应用

开发的粉-粒喷动床是一种新型喷动床.介绍了粉-粒喷动床的特性以及在多种单元操作和化学反应过程中的应用,如,干燥、细粉制备、燃煤烟气脱硫和同时脱除工业/城市垃圾燃烧发电废气中的二氧化硫和氯化氢气体等.     

喷动床装置的设计研究

介绍了喷动床的工作机理、主要零部件以及喷动床的系统设计。针对喷动床进行了较深入的实验研究,结果表明喷动床在用于涂层、造粒等方面具有广阔的发展前景。     

喷动床研究与进展

叙述了近年来出现的几种改型喷动床，包括多喷头喷动床、喷动流化床、带导向管的喷动床、性粒子旋转射流式喷动床、射流喷动床的研究与进展。它们在传统柱锥形喷动床的基础上，通过增加喷口、导向管、流化气、惰性粒子或增加喷动气速等方法，来克服原有喷动床应用的局限性，拓展其应用领域。     

Vapour phase chemical reaction in spouted beds: A theoretical model

A theoretical model of a spouted bed chemical reactor, involving vapour phase reaction in the presence of catalyst or heat carrier particles, is proposed. The hydrodynamic features relevant to the model are described in as generalized a manner as permitted by the available information. The application of the model is then demonstrated by making certain predictions concerning the effect of the major variables on gas conversion for a first order reaction, as well as on the relative performance of spouted, fixed, and fluidized bed systems.     

Comparison of numerical simulations and experiments in conical gas-solid spouted bed

Flowbehavior of gas and particles in conical spouted beds is experimentally studied and simulated using the twofluid gas-solid model with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The bed pressure drop and fountain height are measured in a conical spouted bed of 100mmI.D. at different gas velocities. The simulation results are compared with measurements of bed pressure drop and fountain height. The comparison shows that the drag coefficient model used in cylindrical beds under-predicted bed pressure drop and fountain height in conical spouted beds due to the partial weight of particles supported by the inclined side walls. It is found that the numerical results using the drag coefficient model proposed based on the conical spouted bed in this study are in good agreement with experimental data. The present study provides a useful basis for further works on the CFD simulation of conical spouted bed.     

CFD modeling of the gas-particle flow behavior in spouted beds

Gas-particle flow behavior in a cylindrical spouted bed and a three dimensional spout-fluid bed of spherical particles was simulated using the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid modeling approach, incorporating a kinetic-frictional constitutive model for dense assemblies of the particulate solid. The interaction between gas and particles was modeled using the Gidaspow drag model and the predicted hydrodynamic characteristics are compared with published experimental data. The overall flow patterns within the cylindrical spouted bed were predicted well by the model, i.e. a stable spout region, a fountain region and an annular downcomer region were correctly predicted by the model. The flow instabilities which develop in the spout-fluid bed are along with discussion of the mechanisms leading to instabilities. Bubble formation and motion of the bubbles inside the spout-fluid bed are also described. Such predictions can provide important information on the flow field within the spouted beds for process design and scale-up.     

Selected Aspects of Developing a Simulation Model of a Spouted Bed Grain Dryer Based on the Eulerian Multiphase Model

This article discusses the key aspects of developing a simulation model of a spouted bed grain dryer for an analysis of fluid dynamics. The following aspects have been analyzed: selection of computational space, type of geometry and computational grid, configuration of the mathematical model (based on the Eulerian multiphase model) through the selection of “closures,” turbulence modeling, the simulation model's sensitivity to changes in phase and flow parameters, as well as the configuration of numerical parameters. The presented study makes reference to an earlier experiment carried out by the author, and it sums up the author's previous work in the modeling of a spouted bed grain dryer. This article presents a synthetic overview of the problems that are frequently encountered in the process of developing simulation models of a spouted bed grain dryer and proposes several solutions.     

Batch comminution of coal in a spouted bed

Batches of coal were subjected to comminution in a 152 mm dia. spouted bed using glass beads as the grinding medium. The basic coal comminution mechanisms of attrition, impaction and crushing were also individually studied, each in a different kind of apparatus, and the first two mechanisms were also each successively accentuated in the spouted bed by use of appropriate inserts. The particle size distribution of the coal was determined at frequent intervals for each run. An attempt was made to interpret and model the spouted bed results mechanistically.     

Simulation of the Hydrodynamics and Drying in a Spouted Bed Dryer

Gas-particle flow behavior in a spouted bed of spherical particles was simulated using the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid modeling approach, incorporating a kinetic-frictional constitutive model for dense assemblies of the particulate solid. The interaction between gas and particles was modeled using the Gidaspow drag model and the predicted hydrodynamics is compared with published experimental data. To investigate drying characteristics of particulate solids in axisymmetric spouted beds, a heat and mass transfer model was developed and incorporated into the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT 6.2. The kinetics of drying was described using the classical and diffusional models for surface drying and internal moisture drying, respectively. The overall flow patterns within the spouted bed were predicted well by the model; i.e., a stable spout region, a fountain region, and an annular downcomer region were obtained. Calculated particle velocities and concentrations in the axisymmetric spouted bed were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data of He et al. (Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1994a, 72:229; 1994b, 72:561). Such predictions can provide important information on the flow field, temperature, and species distributions inside the spouted bed for process design and scale-up.     

A mathematical model of a spouted bed gasifier

A mathematical model of the spouted bed gasifier has been constructed based on simplified first order reaction kinetics for the gasification reactions and the stream tube hydrodynamic model of Mathur and Lim. This two region model treats the spout as an isothermal plug flow reactor with cross flow into a series of streamtubes forming the annulus. Each streamtube is considered as a plug flow reactor. The effects of kinetic and hydrodynamic parameters on model predictions are illustrated, and a comparison made with experimental gas composition profiles obtained in a 0.30-m dia. gasifier.     

导向管直径对喷动床流动特性影响的计算颗粒流体力学数值模拟

导向管喷动床是较为常见的一种喷动床改进床型,通过阻断喷动区与环隙区气固接触来提高颗粒循环的规律性与稳定性。本文采用计算颗粒流体力学（CPFD）方法对于直径150mm的柱锥式导向管喷动床进行了数值模拟研究,考察了导向管直径对于喷动床内颗粒流动特性的影响,从环隙区死区分布、颗粒速度分布、固体循环量等方面分析了具有不同直径导向管喷动床的运行状态。结果表明,加入导向管在减少床内死区的同时也降低了运行时的固体循环量,对于本次采用的喷动床结构尺寸与运行参数,只有在导向管直径为40～60mm时才能保证床内具有良好喷动状态,综合考虑各因素,选用直径50～55mm的导向管最为合适。对于具有类似结构与运行条件的柱锥喷动床,导向管直径可考虑选为无导向管运行时喷动区直径的1.2～1.375倍。