片状和颗粒状γ-Bi2MoO6的水热合成及可见光催化性能

采用水热法及柠檬酸辅助水热法分别制备了片状的和颗粒状的γ-Bi2MoO6,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和UV-vis漫反射光谱(DRS)对产物进行了表征和检测,探讨了片状的和颗粒状的γ-Bi2MoO6可能的形成机理.以太阳光为光源对结晶紫溶液进行光催化降解.实验结果表明:颗粒状的γ-Bi2MoO6的光催化活性略优于片状的γ-Bi2MoO6.     

Fe3O4/SnS2的制备及其催化性能研究

为提高Fe₃O₄的类芬顿效果,基于光助类芬顿催化氧化技术,在共沉淀法制备Fe₃O₄的基础上采用醇热法制备能高效降解亚甲基蓝的Fe₃O₄/SnS₂催化剂。建立了以Fe₃O₄/SnS₂为催化剂的光助类芬顿催化氧化体系,分析不同制备及降解条下Fe₃O₄/SnS₂的类芬顿活性,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对Fe₃O₄/SnS₂材料进行表征。结果表明：当Fe₃O₄和SnS₂物质的量比为1∶1时,Fe₃O₄/SnS₂的催化效果最好;亚甲基蓝溶液pH为3.0、Fe₃O_...     

纳米片状WO3的水热合成及其NO2气敏性能

以钨酸钠(Na_2WO_4·2H_2O)为原料,采用水热法制备出纳米片状WO_3,并用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对产物的组成及形貌进行表征。将该纳米材料制作成气敏元件,对不同浓度的NO_2气体进行测试。结果表明,所制备的传感器对低浓度的NO_2气体有良好的灵敏度,响应和恢复时间分别只需5 s和130 s。     

MoO2/石墨烯多尺度纳米复合材料构筑及其电化学性能

石墨烯具有导电率高、比表面积大以及机械性能优良等特性,因此在超级电容器领域具备极佳的应用前景,但纯石墨烯活性电极材料又面临着比容量相对较低的问题。文章通过一步水热法将零维(0D)二氧化钼(MoO₂)纳米点修饰在2D石墨烯纳米片上,组装形成3D多孔复合材料,实现了0D-2D-3D多尺度材料的构建,并研究了以其作为超级电容器活性电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,在2 mV/s扫速下,该纳米复合材料的比容量高达499 F/g,显示出优越的容量特性。     

二维Z型MoS2/SnS2异质结的制备及其光催化性能研究

二维Z型半导体异质结因其大的比表面积、独特的能带排列结构及界面调控的高载流子分离传输效率,在光催化降解、CO₂还原及全解水等领域具有重要的应用前景。通过水热法合成了二维Z型MoS₂/SnS₂异质结,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对其结构及物化特性进行表征。受益于二维Z型异质结独特的能带及电子结构,实现了可见光下对甲基橙、亚甲基蓝高效的降解效率和Cr(VI)还原效率。该研究对二维Z型异质结的直接制备及对光催化反应机理的探究有一定的指导意义。     

Z-CoS2-MoS2/rGO的合成及电化学储锂性能

为了研发比容量高和循环性能稳定的电化学储锂电极材料,用二甲基咪唑钴(ZIF-67)作为Co源前驱体,通过一步水热法制备Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO(还原氧化石墨烯)复合材料,研究微观结构和电化学储锂性能. 结果表明,与采用CoCl₂作为钴源制得的CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO相比,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO复合材料中CoS₂粒子有着更加细小和较均匀的粒径,很好地分散在MoS₂和rGO表面,形成了相应的异质结构. 作为电化学储锂电极材料,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO的可逆比容量可以达到1 092 mA·h/g,经900次循环后在500 mA/g电流密度下保持了941 mA·h/g的储锂可逆比容量,显示了稳定的充放电循环性能. Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO优异的电化学储锂性能主要归因于该双金属硫化物复合材料具有较多的电化学储锂电极反应电对以及复合材料中CoS₂纳米颗粒、MoS₂纳米片和rGO之间均匀的复合及所形成的异质结构.     

水热合成条件对Bi2WO6可见光催化性能的影响

TiO2被广泛应用于光催化领域,但其只能在紫外光下响应,对太阳光利用率极低,因此开发能够吸收可见光的催化剂很有必要。以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和Na2WO4.2H2O为原料,采用温和的水热法在不同温度、pH条件下制备了可见光响应的光催化剂Bi2WO6。通过XRD、DRS等技术对合成Bi2WO6进行表征。以氙灯为光源(λ>420nm),以罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物进行降解实验,探讨不同条件下合成的Bi2WO6的可见光光催化性能。实验结果表明,在140℃、pH=1条件下合成的Bi2WO6对RhB的降解效果最好,反应4h,脱色率达到97.7%。     

模板法合成三维菊花状TiO2纳米花及其性能

为了解决一维、二维纳米材料在降解有机污染物时,易发生团聚、催化活性低、难以回收利用等问题,以TiO₂(P25)和NaOH为原料,ZnO为模板,采用水热法合成了三维菊花状TiO₂纳米花．运用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、氮气吸附脱附、紫外-可见漫反射、傅立叶红外等手段对合成的样品进行测试分析. 结果表明:其花瓣是由TiO₂纳米颗粒通过自组装定向排列而成的链状结构,构成纳米花的粒子晶粒尺寸约15 nm,花状结构尺寸约为5 μm,结晶性良好,为锐钛矿相;比表面积为102.3 m²／g,平均孔径为17.41 nm;以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,在紫外光照射下对其进行光催化性能实验,80 min亚甲基蓝的降解率为98％,催化活性高于P25,显示出较强的光催化活性．     

Bi2S3-MoS2/石墨烯复合材料的合成及电化学储锂性能

为了研发高性能的锂离子电池负极材料,采用水热法合成了Bi₂S₃-MoS₂/石墨烯复合材料,利用X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、热重分析（TGA）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对复合材料进行表征,讨论复合材料的微观结构对电化学储锂性能的影响. 特别是,当Bi与Mo的物质的量之比为1∶4时,Bi₂S₃-MoS₂/石墨烯的电化学储锂可逆比容量可以达到1 140 mA·h/g,并具有稳定的循环性能. 当充放电电流密度为1 000 mA/g时,其高倍率特性为886 mA·h/g. Bi₂S₃-MoS₂/石墨烯复合材料优异的电化学储锂性能主要由于MoS₂具有更少的层数和较多的边缘以及Bi₂S₃纳米粒子具有更均匀的粒径,并能很好地分散在石墨烯表面,增强了复合材料容纳锂离子的能力,改善了储锂电极过程的动力学性能.     

Pt/TiO2纳米管的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用微波加热多元醇还原的方法制备了贵金属Pt负载的TiO2纳米管复合材料,并对其形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,试验中所制备的TiO2纳米管直径约10nm左右,长度达到几百纳米甚至微米级。微波法负载的Pt粒子粒径分布均匀,尺寸约在4.5nm左右。电化学结果表明该复合纳米材料对甲醇具有一定的催化氧化作用。     

Sn/C纳米复合材料的合成及其电化学嵌放锂性能

用SnCl4和葡萄糖的水热反应合成SnO₂/碳质复合材料,然后在氮气气氛中热处理使SnO₂被碳热还原为Sn纳米粒子,制备得到Sn/C纳米复合材料.用X-射线衍射(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线电子散射能谱(EDX)对样品进行表征.结果显示Sn纳米粒子具有球形的形貌,并均匀地分散在无定形的碳材料中.对于Sn质量分数58.5%和32.3％的Sn/C复合材料,Sn纳米粒子的平均粒径分别为51和20 nm.电化学测试结果显示,Sn/C复合材料具有高的电化学贮锂可逆容量和良好的循环稳定性.讨论了Sn/C纳米复合材料的形成机理及其循环稳定性能改善的原因.     

表面修饰SnS2纳米粒子的合成及结构表征

利用表面修饰法合成了双十六烷基二硫代磷酸（DDP）修饰的SnS2纳米粒子,并用红外光谱（IR）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等仪器对产物的结构、尺寸、形状及化学状态进行了研究,结果表明：表面修饰剂与纳米粒子表面之间发生化学键合作用,这使得SnS2纳米粒子的油溶性得以明显改善,而且有效地阻止了纳米粒子之间的团聚现象,因而所合成的SnS2纳米粒子大小均匀,粒径约为7nm。     

锂离子电池负极材料 Na2Li2Ti6O14的嵌脱锂过程动力学研究

为了研究钛酸钠锂(Na2Li2Ti6O14)负极材料嵌脱锂的动力学行为,用溶胶-凝胶法合成 Na2Li2Ti6O14负极材料,采用 X 射线衍射法(XRD)和电子显微镜(SEM)分别对材料进行物相分析和微观形貌的观察.采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流间歇滴定法(GITT)研究了 Na2Li2Ti6O14的电化学性能和嵌脱锂过程动力学.研究结果表明,制备的 Na2Li2Ti6O14材料纯度高,结晶度良好,循环稳定性好;由不同扫描速率的循环伏安法测出的 Na2Li2Ti6O14中锂离子在氧化、还原峰对应的化学扩散系数 Da和 Dc分别为7.3×10-11和7.8×10-11cm2/s;由恒电流间歇滴定技术测得的锂离子在 Na2Li2Ti6O14电极中的扩散系数为10-11~10-8cm2/s.     

Cu2O nanowires as anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries

Li-ion batteries are a key technology for multiple clean energy applications.In this study,Cu2O nanowires were obtained by the reduction of cupric acetate with pyrrole.The resulting Cu2O nanowires exhibited excellent reversible capacities of 470mAh g-1 at rate of 1 C after 100 cycles.The results show that the Cu2O nanowires had more capacity than materials previously reported.No fading was observed over 100 cycles of charging and discharging.The compound metal Cu and incorporation of the conducting polymer polypyrrole(PPy)improved the conductivity of Cu2O and enhanced the stability of the electrode during cycling.The results from this study imply that Cu2O nanowires with high capacity and good cycle retention could be excellent candidates as anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries.     

锂离子电池硅/石墨/碳负极材料性能

为提高锂离子电池硅基材料的循环性能,用高温固相热解法合成硅/石墨/碳复合材料.采用XRD、循环伏安和充放电技术表征其结构和电化学性能.考察不同的粘结剂体系和极片热处理对材料电化学循环性能的影响.结果表明:采用水性粘结剂可以提高材料的电化学性能;对极片进行热处理也可以很好地提高电极的循环稳定性.首次脱锂比容量为970.5 mAh/g,40次循环后,脱锂比容量仍高达822.1 mAh/g.     

Synthesis and characterization of Mg3(PO4)2-coated Li1.05Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material for Li-ion battery

Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The morphology, structure, electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), charge/discharge cycling and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). SEM analysis shows that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating changes the morphologies of their particles and increases the grains size. XRD and CV results show that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating powder is homogeneous and has better layered structure than the bare one. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance. The reason why the cycling performance of Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated sample at 55 °C was better than that of room temperature was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate with temperature rising. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved the cathode thermal stability, and the result was consistent with thermal abuse tests using Li-ion cells: the Mg₃(PO₄)₂ coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode did not exhibit thermal runaway with smoke and explosion, in contrast to the cells containing the bare Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20273047)     

Effects of carbon sources on electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/C composite anode materials

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were synthesized by two-step solid state reaction method with glucose, sucrose, and starch as carbon sources, respectively. The effects of carbon sources on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials were investigated by SEM, XRD and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that carbon sources have almost no effect on the structure of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials. The initial discharge capacities of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials are slightly lower than those of as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. However, Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials show better electrochemical rate performance than the as-synthesized Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. The capacity retention (79%) of the Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with starch as carbon source, is higher than that of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/C composite materials with glucose and sucrose as carbon source at current rate of 2.0C.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of TiO2-B as anode material

TiO₂-B was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The structures, surface morphologies and electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement, respectively. The effects of calcining temperature, molar ratio of K₂O to TiO₂ and calcining time on the characteristics of TiO₂-B were investigated. The results show that the calcining time exerts a significant influence on the electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B. The TiO₂-B is obtained with good crystal structure and suitable size by using K₂Ti₄O₉, which is prepared at 950°C for 24 h under the condition of x(K₂O)/x(TiO₂)=1:3.5. The TiO₂-B delivers all initial discharge capacity of 231.6 mA·h/g. And the rate capacity is 73.2 mA·h/g at 1 675 mA/g, which suggests that TiO₂-B is a promising anode material for the lithium ion batteries.