高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料的直接拉伸性能

利用国产基体原材料制备了具有较高极限拉伸性能的高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC),研究了粉煤灰和胶粉对ECC直接拉伸性能的影响.试验结果表明:采用合理的配合比及测试方法,制备的ECC试件具有应变硬化及多缝开裂特征;粉煤灰掺量为80％时,7d、28 d极限拉应变分别达到3.77％和2.86％,28 d抗压强度为25.4 MPa;掺入10％胶粉,7d、28 d极限拉应变分别达到3.91％和2.37％.在满足强度要求的前提下,适当增大粉煤灰和胶粉掺量有利于提高ECC的延性.     

ECC单轴受拉损伤本构模型研究EI北大核心CSCD

通过单轴拉伸试验,讨论了PVA纤维体积掺入量和水胶比对工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC)受拉力学性能参数(开裂应变、开裂应力、峰值应变、峰值应力、极限应变以及应力-应变关系曲线)的影响规律。基于此,从损伤力学的角度讨论了ECC在单轴受拉过程的开裂前阶段、应变硬化阶段以及应变软化阶段的损伤演化机制。进而,基于ECC受拉损伤演化机制提出ECC受拉损伤本构模型,并给出模型相关参数的计算方法,分析表明:该文提出损伤模型得到的ECC受拉损伤演化曲线能更为合理的描述ECC的损伤演化全过程。最后,该文损伤模型计算的ECC受拉应力-应变关系曲线和试验曲线对比结果表明,所提出的模型能够合理的描述ECC受拉非线性应力-应变关系特征,且具有良好的精度。     

高延性纤维增强偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地聚合物在不同环境下的自愈合性能

在1%、2%及3%不同程度预加单轴直接拉伸应变破坏下,研究了3天、7天及28天龄期的高延性聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维增强偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地聚合物（PVA/MK-FA EGC）在空气中和干湿循环条件下的裂缝分布及自愈合性能。结果表明：PVA/MK-FA EGC结合了传统高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料（ECC）及地聚合物二者的优点,表现出了明显的多缝开裂特性和应变硬化行为。2~5 mm的裂缝间距、小于25 μm的最大残余裂缝宽度给裂缝的自愈合提供了更加有利的条件。带缝试件在不同环境中自愈合后,裂缝数量大大下降,极限拉伸应变可达3.8%以上,大部分试件的极限拉应变及最终应力均能超过对比试件,空气中的养护环境更加有利于PVA/MK-FA EGC材料的自愈合。裂缝内颗粒表面覆盖有凝胶状的地聚合产物,可能增强了体系中的纤维/基体界面,使力学性能恢复。     

玄武岩格栅增强水泥基复合材料单轴拉伸力学性能试验及本构关系模型

考虑玄武岩纤维增强树脂合物基复合材料(BFRP)格栅层数和水泥基复合材料(ECC)配比等因素,对BFRP增强大掺量粉煤灰/矿粉ECC棒骨试件进行了静力单轴拉伸试验,研究掺加增强粉煤灰/矿粉ECC的抗拉力学性能。结合试验数据,基于Richard和Abbot的弹塑性应力-应变公式提出掺加增强ECC的应力-应变本构关系模型。试验结果表明:随着掺加层数的增加,格栅增强ECC的极限抗拉强度显著增大。同配合比掺矿粉制成的ECC抗压强度、开裂应变及应力高于掺粉煤灰制成的ECC。掺加增强掺矿粉ECC试件相对掺粉煤灰ECC试件具有较好的抗拉力学性能。计算结果表明,建立的单轴受拉本构关系模型可以有效地预测掺加增强ECC的应力-应变关系和极限抗拉强度。     

熔纺聚乙烯醇纤维对水泥砂浆的增强增韧作用

采用实验室自制的熔纺聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、进口凝胶纺PVA纤维和国产湿法纺PVA纤维增强增韧水泥砂浆,研究了纤维纤度和掺量对其分散性及对水泥基复合材料结构与性能的影响.结果表明,与进口凝胶纺纤维和国产湿法纺纤维相比,纤度较大的熔纺纤维在水泥砂浆中分散均匀,与水泥砂浆粘接较好,增强增韧效果好,且其纺丝工艺简便、高效、环...     

PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料热处理后的力学性能

为了促进聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)在热环境工程领域中的应用,通过狗骨试件拉伸试验,研究了高粉煤灰掺量的PVA-ECC热处理后的力学性能变化;采用单纤维抗拉试验、单纤维拔出试验以及单裂缝拉伸试验研究了PVA-ECC性能提升的机制。结果表明:在不高于200℃的热处理后,PVA-ECC仍能实现多裂缝开裂,相比20℃,50、100、200℃热处理后的PVA-ECC复合材料的拉伸力学性能提高,其幅度为100℃> 50℃> 200℃;纤维强度不是PVA-ECC抗拉性能变化的控制因素,适当的温度处理提高了纤维与基体的化学黏结力和摩擦力,从而提高了纤维的桥接作用和裂缝的余能,进而提高了PVA-ECC的抗拉性能和摩擦耗能能力。PVA-ECC性能变化的机制分析为PVA-ECC工程设计提供了良好的理论基础。      

PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC力学性能的影响

使用国产基体材料并利用铁尾矿砂细骨料替代天然砂,掺入长度为12mm的PVA纤维,制备铁尾矿砂细骨料PVA纤维水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC),并通过实验研究了PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC性能的影响。实验结果表明:PVA-ECC的工作性能和基本力学性能稳定,制备工艺满足要求。PVA纤维体积率对提高PVA-ECC抗压强度的作用不明显,体积率在1.6%~2%时,PVA-ECC破坏后的整体性较好,体积率为2%时最佳,但过量的PVA纤维掺入会降低其抗压强度。PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC韧性的影响显著,体积率在1.6%~2%时,韧性明显增加,体积率为2%时的效果最佳,其极限荷载和抗弯强度达到峰值,弯曲韧性指标显著增大,试件破坏前出现多缝开裂现象,呈现韧性破坏特征;通过韧性指数法判定PVA-ECC为韧性材料。     

CaCO_3晶须对钢-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料板弯曲性能的影响

将廉价的微米级CaCO_3晶须引入毫米级钢纤维与聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HyFRCC),研究CaCO_3晶须对HyFRCC薄板力学性能、破坏形态和尺寸效应的影响,并使用SEM观察HyFRCC微观形貌。试验结果显示,引入晶须后,HyFRCC薄板呈现出良好的弯曲性能及比梁式试件更优良的假性应变硬化和多缝开裂特征,且可以更有效地减小尺寸效应对抗弯强度的影响。微观形貌观察证实掺加晶须后,混杂纤维体系可以在不同尺度上发挥多层次阻裂作用。研究认为,由廉价的CaCO_3晶须部分替代钢纤维和PVA纤维制备的HyFRCC呈现出对板式构件良好的适应性,实现了力学性能优化和经济性提高的双重目标。     

基于梁理论的ECC拉伸应变硬化与开裂行为的数值模拟

基于描述超高延性水泥基复合材料(Engineered cementitious composites,ECC)中单根纤维拔出行为的等效弹性地基梁模型,通过纤维-基体系统切面的平面应变有限元分析,提出了等效连续梁弹簧约束刚度的显式计算方法,建立了改进的等效弹性地基梁模型,并将模型应用于ECC单轴拉伸应变硬化与多缝开裂行为的数值模拟分析。分别基于摩擦滑轮模型和等效弹性地基梁模型计算ECC应力-应变关系曲线,并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：对于聚乙烯(PE)/ECC,大部分情况下基于等效地基梁模型的计算结果与试验结果相比于聚乙烯醇(PVA)/ECC更加吻合。表明本文提出的改进的等效地基梁模型能够很好地描述抗弯刚度无法忽略的纤维的拔出行为,对于此类ECC材料和结构的受力机制和设计理论具有一定的参考价值。     

多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能试验

基于水泥基材料多尺度的结构特征及破坏过程,设计了一种由钢纤维、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维以及碳酸钙晶须构成的多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料（MSFRCC）,研究了其抗压强度、抗弯强度、弯曲韧性、多缝开裂形态以及断裂过程等基本力学性能。结果表明：基体材料的强度和韧性均得到了显著提高;MSFRCC在弯曲荷载作用下表现出了硬化行为和多缝开裂模式。扫描电子显微镜和断裂试验结果证实了多尺度纤维在水泥基复合材料破坏过程中发挥了多尺度阻裂作用。研究认为：通过对纤维进行多尺度组合设计,可以显著改善水泥基复合材料的韧性,廉价的碳酸钙晶须可以适量取代钢纤维和PVA纤维。     

Rheology, fiber dispersion, and robust properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites

The capability of processing robust Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) materials with consistent mechanical properties is crucial for gaining acceptance of this new construction material in various structural applications. ECC’s tensile strain-hardening behavior and magnitude of tensile strain capacity are closely associated with fiber dispersion uniformity, which determines the fiber bridging strength, complementary energy, critical flaw size and degree of multiple-crack saturation. This study investigates the correlation between the rheological parameters of ECC mortar before adding PVA fibers, dispersion of PVA fibers, and ECC composite tensile properties. The correlation between Marsh cone flow rate and plastic viscosity was established for ECC mortar, justifying the use of the Marsh cone as a simple rheology measurement and control method before fibers are added. An optimal range of Marsh cone flow rate was found that led to improved fiber dispersion uniformity and more consistent tensile strain capacity in the composite. When coupled with the micromechanics based ingredient-tailoring methodology, this rheological control approach serves as an effective ECC fresh property design guide for achieving robust ECC composite hardening properties.     

Frost resistance and microstructure of Engineered Cementitious Composites: Influence of fly ash and micro poly-vinyl-alcohol fiber

One of the most damaging environmental conditions to concrete structure is cyclic freezing and thawing. This paper discusses the influence of the high volumes of fly ash (FA) and micro poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibers on the cyclic freeze-thaw resistance and microstructure of the Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). ECC mixtures with two different FA-cement (FA/C) ratios (1.2 and 2.2 by weight), and at constant water-cementitious materials (fly ash and cement) ratio of 0.27 are prepared. To compare the behavior of ECC with ECC matrix, all of the preceding properties are also investigated for ECC matrix mixtures of same composition without PVA fiber. For frost resistance, mixtures are exposed to the freeze and thaw cycles up to 300 cycles in accordance with ASTM C666, Procedure A. Experimental tests consist of measuring the residual mechanical properties (flexural strength, mid-span beam deflection and flexural stress - deflection curve), ultrasonic pulse velocity and mass loss. The roles of PVA fibers and FA are discussed through the analysis of microstructure and fiber-matrix interactions as function of frost exposure. The microstructural characterization by measuring pore size distributions is examined before and after exposure to frost deterioration by using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The air-void characteristics of mixtures are also studied using linear transverse method. Test results confirm that both ECC mixtures with high volumes of FA remain durable, and show a tensile strain capacity of more than 2% even after 300 freezing and thawing cycles. On the other hand, before completing 300 freezing and thawing cycles, matrix (ECC without fiber) specimens have severely deteriorated, requiring removal from the freeze-thaw machine. Therefore, results indicate that the addition of micro PVA fiber to the ECC matrix substantially improved the frost resistance. The results of freeze-thaw tests also indicated that the reduction of residual physical and mechanical properties with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles is relatively more for ECC mixture with FA/C ratio of 2.2 than for ECC mixture with FA/C ratio of 1.2.     

纤维增强水泥基复合材料的动力拉伸性能研究

采用分离式霍普金森杆对聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PRCC)、基体材料、不同相对掺量的钢纤维和PVA纤维混合增强水泥基复合材料(HFRCC)进行了四种不同应变率下的动态劈拉试验,通过对材料的劈拉强度、能量吸收和破坏形态等方面的对比分析,探讨了三种材料的动力拉伸性能,结果表明材料表现出应变率敏感性,随着应变率的提高,动态劈拉强度和能量吸收能力相应增加。HFRCC对基体材料的劈拉强度提高可达到34%,而PRCC材料提高约20%。PVA纤维对材料的耗能能力的影响比钢纤维具有更强的应变率敏感性。钢纤维掺量占总纤维掺量25%的HFRCC材料耗能能力比PRCC略低5%,而钢纤维掺量达到总纤维掺量的62.5%时,HFRCC材料的耗能能力比PRCC的耗能能力显著提高。HFRCC在动态劈拉强度和能量吸收能力方面更加均衡,具有更好抵抗冲击的能力。     

Influence of matrix flowability,fiber mixing procedure,and curing conditions on the mechanical performance of HTPP-ECC

In this study, the influences of matrix flowability, fiber mixing procedure, and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) made with High Tenacity Polypropylene (HTPP) fibers are investigated. While the HTPP-ECC examined in this study possesses moderate compressive strengths (30–70 MPa), their tensile ductility (1.91–3.91%) is similar to that of ECC with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers. For the purpose of controlling matrix flowability, different dosages of HRWR admixture were introduced to a matrix with fly ash/cement weight ratio of 2.8 and water/cementitious material weight ratio of 0.23. Dogbone-shaped and 50 mm cube specimens were used to investigate uniaxial tensile and compressive properties of HTPP-ECC, respectively. Test results showed that control of flowability in a certain range is required to achieve robust tensile ductility. A further improvement in tensile ductility and mechanical properties of HTPP-ECC was achieved through water-curing instead of air curing typically used for PVA-ECC. The basic mechanisms that enhance tensile ductility of HTPP-ECC through flowability control, mixing procedure modification, and water-curing are discussed from the view point of micromechanics underlying ECC design, with supporting evidence from fiber bridging stress–crack width (σ–δ) relations.     

Improved fiber distribution and mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites by adjusting the mixing sequence

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is a class of ultra ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with a diameter of 39 μm and a length of 6-12 mm is often used. Unlike plain concrete and normal fiber reinforced concrete, ECC shows a strain-hardening behavior under tensile load. Apart from the mix design, the fiber distribution is another crucial factor for the mechanical properties of ECC, especially the ductility. In order to obtain a good fiber distribution, the plastic viscosity of the ECC mortar before adding fibers needs to be controlled, for example, by adjusting water-to-powder ratio or chemical admixtures. However, such adjustments have some limitations and may result in poor mechanical properties of ECC. This research explores an innovative approach to improve the fiber distribution by adjusting the mixing sequence. With the standard mixing sequence, fibers are added after all solid and liquid materials are mixed. The undesirable plastic viscosity before the fiber addition may cause poor fiber distribution and results in poor hardened properties. With the adjusted mixing sequence, the mix of solid materials with the liquid material is divided into two steps and the addition of fibers is between the two steps. In this paper, the influence of different water mixing sequences is investigated by comparing the experimental results of the uniaxial tensile test and the fiber distribution analysis. Compared with the standard mixing sequence, the adjusted mixing sequence increases the tensile strain capacity and ultimate tensile strength of ECC and improves the fiber distribution. This concept is further applied in the development of ECC with high volume of sand.     

高聚物纤维材料的高应变率响应行为研究

利用MTS和旋转盘式杆－杆型冲击拉伸试验装置，在高应变率、大应变率范围条件下（Aramid:0.01/s-1000/s;PVA:0.01/s-1500/s），研究了应变率对芳纶纤维和高强PVA纤维束力学性能的影响；同时，利用扫描电子显微镜考察了纤维材料在不同应变率下的微观断裂机理。     

聚酰亚胺纤维与碳纤维缠绕复合气瓶性能对比研究

本文主要研究高性能国产聚酰亚胺纤维在复合材料气瓶上的应用,并表征其与进口碳纤维的性能差距.采用国产聚酰亚胺纤维进行缠绕成型工艺优化与复合材料性能测试分析,在测试数据及工艺优化基础上针对其进行了复合材料气瓶的强度设计.分别采用聚酰亚胺纤维、进口T300、T700以及T800碳纤维缠绕成型复合材料气瓶,进行水压爆破压强的测试,并引进声发射检测技术对其在水压过程中的损伤信号进行监测分析.结果表明聚酰亚胺纤维缠绕工艺性良好,与树脂界面结合优异,适用于湿法缠绕成型工艺.复合材料拉伸强度达到1 708 MPa,纤维的强度发挥率高达80%,相比于碳纤维复合材料其呈现出较好的断裂韧性,有利于减少复合材料气瓶在水压下的应力损伤.缠绕成型的聚酰亚胺纤维复合材料气瓶容器特征系数(PV/W)高达32.2 km,其在航空航天、医用、汽车、核工业等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

牵伸倍率对PEDOT PSS/PVA复合导电纤维结构与性能的影响

将合成的导电聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)-聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT-PSS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混, 通过湿法纺丝, 得到了电导率较高、力学性能良好、可进行机织的PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维, 研究了牵伸倍率对纤维导电性能、结构、热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 随着牵伸倍率的增加, PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维表面的微纤数量增加, 结晶性能、热稳定性及力学性能均有所提高; 当PEDOT-PSS/PVA复合导电纤维的牵伸倍率为4.0时, 其断裂强度、伸长率和初始模量分别为6.74 cN/dtex、5.95%和42.43 cN/dtex, 电导率可达到34.5 S/cm, 具有良好的应用性能。