羊骨炭对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)吸附性能研究

以CO2为活化剂制备羊骨炭,在不同溶液pH、初始浓度、活性炭投加量等条件下,通过动态吸附试验考察羊骨炭对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附规律,并用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型对其吸附性能进行了分析。结果表明,当羊骨炭对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳吸附量分别为:4.2 mg/g、0.07 mg/g和2.7 mg/g时,吸附液的pH值Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)为7～8、Cr(Ⅵ)为酸性pH<6;羊骨炭的投加量分别为:0.2、0.7、0.03 g;最佳初始浓度分别为:60 mg/L、15 mg/L、30 mg/L。羊骨炭对3种离子的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型,计算得四种离子的最大吸附量分别为:4.854、1.247、0.402 mg/g。     

改性泥炭对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的单一及竞争吸附研究

以强碱改性泥炭,研究改性泥炭对Pb⁽²⁺⁾、Cd(2+)、Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附效果及竞争吸附机制。结果表明,改性泥炭对Pb(2+)的吸附效果及竞争吸附机制。结果表明,改性泥炭对Pb⁽²⁺⁾、Cd(2+)、Cd⁽²⁺⁾具有显著的吸附效果,吸附容量分别由118,64 mg/g提高到225,95 mg/g;FTIR分析表明,吸附过程为Pb(2+)具有显著的吸附效果,吸附容量分别由118,64 mg/g提高到225,95 mg/g;FTIR分析表明,吸附过程为Pb⁽²⁺⁾、Cd(2+)、Cd⁽²⁺⁾与—OH、—COO-、C—H等官能团的络合作用或者离子交换作用。当吸附时间为70 min,pH在4～8,改性泥炭添加量分别为0.8,1.6 g/L时,可达到高效与经济双层效益。竞争吸附中,Pb(2+)与—OH、—COO-、C—H等官能团的络合作用或者离子交换作用。当吸附时间为70 min,pH在4～8,改性泥炭添加量分别为0.8,1.6 g/L时,可达到高效与经济双层效益。竞争吸附中,Pb⁽²⁺⁾、Cd(2+)、Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附容量均低于单一离子时的吸附容量,且竞争吸附能力Pb(2+)的吸附容量均低于单一离子时的吸附容量,且竞争吸附能力Pb⁽²⁺⁾>Cd(2+)>Cd⁽²⁺⁾。     

改性泥炭对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的单一及竞争吸附研究

以强碱改性泥炭,研究改性泥炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附效果及竞争吸附机制。结果表明,改性泥炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)具有显著的吸附效果,吸附容量分别由118,64 mg/g提高到225,95 mg/g;FTIR分析表明,吸附过程为Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)与—OH、—COO-、C—H等官能团的络合作用或者离子交换作用。当吸附时间为70 min,pH在4～8,改性泥炭添加量分别为0.8,1.6 g/L时,可达到高效与经济双层效益。竞争吸附中,Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附容量均低于单一离子时的吸附容量,且竞争吸附能力Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+)。     

含氮大分子吸附剂的制备及其对Cd(II)的吸附

利用三聚氯氰的温度梯度反应活性,在较低温度下,用多乙烯多胺与三聚氯氰进行亲核取代反应,合成出一种以三嗪环为连接点的不溶含氮大分子颗粒吸附剂(N-MGA),并将其用于去除水体中的Cd(Ⅱ).通过元素分析、FTIR和SEM对N-MGA进行表征,同时对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附进行吸附动力学、等温吸附模型拟合和吸附机理进行研究,考察了溶液pH对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响、吸附剂的吸附-解吸再生循环性能及结构稳定性.结果表明,该吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理是利用吸附剂氨基上氮的孤对电子与Cd(Ⅱ)的配位络合作用进行吸附,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,最大吸附量可达539.1 mg/g,且对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附较为容易,吸附能力较强;在Cd(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为3636.5和70.0 mg/L时,对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附率分别可达97.5％和99.9％,且10次吸附-解吸再生循环中吸附率维持在97.0％～98.2％,解吸率均在97.6％以上,吸附剂回收率均在92.0％以上.     

Sodium sulfonate functionalized magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 towards the preparation of sorbent for Cu(Ⅱ) removal

通过化学一步共沉淀法制备了疏水性的Fe3O4纳米粒子,然后采用反相微乳液法制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的Fe3O4@SiO2复合磁性纳米粒子,紧接着用2-(4-氯磺酰苯基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷对其表面进行修饰,最终再经过1.0 M NaCl溶液处理得到富含磺酸基官能团磁性纳米吸附剂(Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3Na).通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对其进行了表征,着重研究了其对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能.结果表明,溶液的pH值能显著影响吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附效果,其中pH值为5.1时吸附效果最佳,即Cu(Ⅱ)从初始的20mg·L-1降低至0.45mg·L-1,意味着97.8％的Cu(Ⅱ)从溶液中除去,通过用0.1M HCl洗涤可把Cu(Ⅱ)从吸附剂中脱离下来并且可以重复使用.     

A New PVC Membrane Ion Selective Electrode for Determination of Cationic Surfactant in Mouthwash

A new membrane electrode was prepared, using cetylpyridinium chloride based Sn(IV) phosphate (CPC-SnP) as the electroactive material. The electrode exhibits a linear response for the surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the concentration range 5.0 × 10⁻³–5.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol dm⁻³ with a slope as a 29.1 mV/decade change in the concentration. The working pH range and the response time for the electrode are 2–6 and 30 s respectively. Selectivity coefficients for several cations were determined. The determination of CPC in mouth wash gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the two phase titration method. This electrode has been utilized as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of cationic surfactant CPC as well as in direct determination of CPC.     

Highly Selective Determination of Perchlorate by a Calix[4]arene based Polymeric Membrane Electrode

This article describes a versatile application of 25,27-bis-N-(N,N-diethyl-2-aminoethyl)carbonylmethoxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (4) as an ionophore for the preparation of perchlorate ion-selective electrode. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response over the perchlorate concentration range of 1.0×10^?9 – 1.0×10^?1 M with a slope of 59.24 ± 0.5 mV per decade of the concentration. The limit of detection as determined from the intersection of the extrapolated linear segments of the calibration plot is 3.04×10^?9 M. The electrode shows good selectivity toward perchlorate with respect to many common anions. The response time of the sensor was 5–10 s and it has maximum life time of 2 months in the acidic pH. The electrode was used to determine perchlorate in real water samples. The interaction of the ionophore with perchlorate ions is also demonstrated by UV–vis spectroscopy.     

氟离子选择电极测定矿石中氟含量

用氟离子选择电极对多种矿石中的氟进行了测定,其测定范围在0.005%～x%.研究表明,用本方法测定多种矿石中氟含量精密度好,回收率在94.0%～103.2%,方法简便.此方法已应用于实际工作中.     

Selective Transport of Copper(I,II), Cadmium(II), and Zinc(II) Ions through a Supported Liquid Membrane Containing Bathocuproine,Neocuproine, or Bathophenanthroline

Abstract

Some selective transport systems for heavy metallic ions through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing a 2,2′-dipyridyl derivative ligand, 4,7-diphenyl-2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathocuproine), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthro-line (neocuproine), or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathophenanthroline), were investigated. The transport of copper(I, II), cadmium(II), zinc(II), lead(II), and cobalt(II) ions was accomplished with a halogen ion such as chloride, bromide, or iodide ion as a pairing ion species for any SLM. The ranking of the permeability of the metallic ions was Cu^+,2+, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ ? Pb²⁺, Co²⁺. When the oxidation-reduction potential gradient was used as a driving force for metallic ions, the transport of Cu⁺ ion was higher than those of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions for any SLM containing bathocuproine, neocuproine, or bathophenanthroline. On the other hand, in the transport system which used the concentration gradient of pairing ion species, the permeability of the Cu²⁺ ion decreased whereas that of the Cd²⁺ ion increased. Moreover, it was found that the different selectivity for the transport of metallic ions is produced by using various pairing ion species.     

Construction and Performance Characteristics of Modified Screen Printed and Modified Carbon Paste Sensors for Selective Determination of Cu(II) Ion in Different Polluted Water Samples

Four new ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), based on N,N′-bis(salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylene diamine (SPD) as ionophore, are constructed for the determination of copper(II) ion. The modified carbon paste (MCPEs; electrodes I and II) and modified screen-printed sensors (MSPEs; electrodes III and IV) exhibit good potentiometric response for Cu(II) over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10^?6 – 1.0 × 10^?2 mol L^?1 for electrodes (I and II) and 4.8 × 10^?7–1.0 × 10^?2 mol L^?1 for electrodes (III and IV) with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10^?6 mol L^?1 for electrodes (I and II) and 4.8 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 for electrodes (III and IV), respectively. The slopes of the calibration graphs are 29.62 ± 0.9 and 30.12 ± 0.7 mV decade^?1 for electrode (I) (tricresylphosphate (TCP) plasticizer) and electrode (II) (o-nitrophenyloctylether o-NPOE plasticizer), respectively. Also, the MSPEs showed good potentiometric slopes of 29.91 ± 0.5 and 30.70 ± 0.3 mV decade^?1 for electrode (III) (TCP plasticizer) and electrode (IV) (o-NPOE plasticizer), respectively. The electrodes showed stable and reproducible potentials over a period of 60, 88, 120, and 145 days at the pH range from 3 to 7 for electrodes (II), (III), and (IV) and pH range from 3 to 6 for electrode (I). This method was successfully applied for potentiometric determination of Cu(II) in tap water, river, and formation water samples in addition to pharmaceutical preparation. The results obtained agree with those obtained with the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).