大型系统控制结构设计的交互分析和分解原理简

Industrial processes are mostly large-scale systems with high order. They use fully centralized control strategy, the parameters of which are difficult to tune. In the design of large-scale systems, the decomposition according to the interaction between input and output variables is the first step and the basis for the selection of control structure. In this paper, the decomposition principle of processes in large-scale systems is proposed for the design of control structure. A new variable pairing method is presented, co_nsidering the steady-state information anddynamic response of large-scale system. By selecting threshold values, the related matrix can be transformed into the adjoining matrixes, which directly measure the couple among different loops. The optimal number of controllers can be obtained after decomposing the large-scale system. A practical example is used to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed interaction decomposition principle in process large-scale systems.     

蛋白质含量对天然橡胶性能的影响简

研究蛋白质含量为0.5%~2.7%的天然橡胶(NR)生胶的理化性能、硫化胶的物理性能、耐热老化性能、永久变形性能和压缩生热。结果表明:不同蛋白质含量的NR生胶的理化性能基本相同;随着蛋白质含量降低,NR硫化胶的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度呈先升后降的趋势,压缩永久变形减小,压缩生热降低,蛋白质含量低于1%时耐热老化性能明显降低。蛋白质含量在1.0%左右NR硫化胶的综合性能最好。     

满足不同需求的水热电联产系统的模型和设计简

In order to improve the energy efficiency, reduce the CO2 emission and decrease the cost, a cogenera- tion system for desalination water, heat and power production was studied in this paper. The superstructure of the cogeneration system consisted of a coal-based thermal power plant （TPP）, a multi-stage flash desalination （MSF） module and reverse osmosis desalination （RO） module. For different demands of water, heat and power production, the corresponding optimal production structure was different. After reasonable simplification, the process model ot each unit was built. The economical model, including the unit investment, and operation and maintenance cost, was presented. By solving this non-linear programming （NLP） model, whose objective is to minimize the annual cost, an optimal cogeneration system can be obtained. Compared to separate production systems, the optimal system can reduce 16.1%-21.7% of the total annual cost. showing this design method was effective.     

冬季轮胎概况简

介绍冬季轮胎的市场、技术、新产品和试验场测试情况。冬季轮胎市场主要为欧洲、北美、新西兰和日本等,欧洲部分国家强制性规定使用冬季轮胎,2012年日本冬季轮胎销售量同比增长4.3%,达到2304.3万条。冬季轮胎技术以普利司通、米其林、倍耐力和诺基亚技术为代表。2013年世界大型轮胎公司推出多款性能优异的冬季轮胎。试验场测试对冬季轮胎市场和研制具有指导意义。     

福建乙烯装置裂解炉优化运行概述

根据裂解炉开工后实际运行情况,从控制、原料、运行模式和管理等方面对裂解炉运行进行优化,实现了新建乙烯装置裂解炉安全、平稳和长周期运行。结果发现：通过不断调整测试和优化,裂解炉实现了100％自控率;依据原料性质,停止裂解重石脑油,将重石脑油全部改供给小重整装置做原料,同时将碳四与轻石脑油混和,提高了产率与原料利用率;采用“7＋l”裂解模式并进行在线烧焦大大降低了运行成本。     

催化裂化装置运行情况分析及对策

中海油惠州炼油分公司MIP催化裂化装置于2009年4月28日建成投产,实现一次性开车成功。8月对装置进行了全面标定,装置实际能耗较同类装置低,但受全厂物料平衡影响,实际进料性质与设计值相差较大,因此产品收率及分布受到影响。通过优化装置操作参数可以改善产品的分布,以及采取一系列节能对策来进一步降低装置的能耗。     

影响催化裂化装置长周期运行的因素及解决方案

总结了影响催化装置长周期运行的部分关键因素,从工艺和设备管理2个方面,提出了一些具体解决措施和办法。     

连续重整装置运行问题及对策

催化重整技术是现代炼油和化工行业的支柱技术之一,为了解现有重整装置运行情况、提高运行效能,对国内33套连续重整装置进行了调研。从运行概况、原料管理、催化剂、操作条件、加热炉、换热器、新技术和新设备等方面对装置的运行优化进行了深入分析,提出了精细管理和挖潜增效等建议;针对催化剂循环、运行瓶颈、内构件损坏、脱氯等常见问题进行了剖析,提出了应对措施。     

TDC3000系统控制方案优化浅析

针对重油催化装置(FCCU)的工艺和控制要求，对所配置的DCS-TDC3000系统的控制方案组态进行了分析，总结了生产维护实践经验规律，提出了优化控制方案。     

Challenges and Opportunities to Enhance Flexibility in Design and Operation of Chemical Processes

Flexibility receives increased interest in chemical engineering and is discussed as one measure to deal with upcoming challenges for the chemical industry. In this paper, different types of flexibility are presented, and flexibility needs are illustrated. The focus is on the evaluation and classification of available solutions to enhance flexibility. Solutions and future challenges across all length scales of chemical engineering are discussed: from tailored catalyst properties to decoupling of processes by means of storage.     

催化裂化装置补充吸收剂流量操作优化及其控制实现

利用流程模拟软件UniSim Design对某石化厂60万吨/年催化裂化装置的吸收稳定系统进行稳态和动态的流程模拟。利用稳态模型,以能耗最小为优化目标,以产品质量指标为约束条件对补充吸收剂流量进行操作优化。利用动态模型作为虚拟装置并用控制的手段将操作优化的结果予以实现,通过实验对比分析,应该以产品质量指标作为被控变量才能保证优化实现的过程中质量不超标,同时多变量预测控制的效果要比单回路控制效果好,但是将补充吸收剂流量分多次加载,可以改善单回路控制的控制效果。     

控制与工艺集成优化设计研究进展

控制与工艺集成优化设计是一种系统化的过程优化设计方法。以典型二元精馏塔设计为例阐述了其过程系统的数学描述，给出其最优工艺设计和控制设计的求解框架和求解策略，以及其中混合整数动态优化问题(MIDO)的求解方法。通过与传统的工艺与控制分步序贯设计比较，讨论了二者各自的优势和不足，指出控制与工艺集成优化设计具有良好的发展前景。     

Soft Sensor for Inputs and Parameters Using Nonlinear Singular State Observer in Chemical Processes

Chemical processes are usually nonlinear singular systems. In this study, a soft sensor using nonlinear singular state observer is established for unknown inputs and uncertain model parameters in chemi...