A power smoothing control method for a photovoltaic generation system using a water electrolyzer and its filtering characteristics

This paper proposes a novel power smoothing control method for a photovoltaic generation (PV) system using a water electrolyzer (ELY). This method realizes that the long‐period components of the PV power fluctuation are supplied to the power grid and the short‐period components of the PV power fluctuation are supplied to the ELY. The power supplied to the ELY is converted to hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. The results of the power smoothing control method are evaluated in terms of the power in the load frequency control (LFC) band and the ability of generating hydrogen. Furthermore, filtering characteristics of the proposed method are clarified. As the result, the proposed method has reduced the power in LFC band by 83.7% compared to the PV power without the power smoothing control. The filter characteristics of the proposed method have shown that fluctuating components with periods less than 1000 seconds, in which the step voltage regulator does not perform, can be sufficiently eliminated from the PV power fluctuation components. When applying the proposed method for a PV system rated at 800 kW, the ability of generating hydrogen was about 2.30% of the hydrogen required for one hydrogen station.     

PLC分布式光伏发电控制系统设计研究

在可持续发展背景下,太阳能已成为替代不可再生能源的重要清洁能源之一,其在电力行业中被广泛应用,不仅节约了资源,还不断推动电力行业与时俱进,满足新时代电力用户对优质电力服务的客观需求。本文探讨了PLC分布式光伏发电控制系统的设计方略,以期推动我国电力产业的可持续发展。     

基于光伏减载的电力系统紧急降风险控制方法

光伏发电系统通常运行于最大功率点,难以在紧急条件下为电网提供功率支撑.受制于建设和运行成本,储能的大规模应用还难以实现,同步发电机占比的降低使得含高比例光伏发电的电网安全风险不断增加.为此,分析了光伏发电系统的功率特性和稳定运行条件,提出了通过光伏减载运行预留备用功率从而为电网提供紧急功率支撑的思想.进而分析了协议发电...     

基于Android的家庭光伏发电管理系统的设计

在分布式能源发展中与人们生活最贴近的是家庭光伏发电系统,以嵌入式系统开发为核心设计了基于Android的家庭光伏发电系统,针对光伏系统的储能设备进行了基于LPC2210微控制器的设计,提高了蓄电池的使用寿命。     

An operating method using prediction of photovoltaic power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system

This paper describes a novel operating method using prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system. The system is composed of a PV array, a storage battery, a bidirectional inverter, and a diesel engine generator (DG). The proposed method enables the system to save fuel consumption by using PV energy effectively, reducing charge and discharge energy of the storage battery, and avoiding low‐load operation of the DG. The PV power is simply predicted from a theoretical equation of solar radiation and the observed PV energy for a constant time before the prediction. The fuel consumption of the proposed method is compared with that of other methods by a simulation based on measurement data of the PV power at an actual PV generation system for 1 year. The simulation results indicate that the amount of fuel consumption of the proposed method is smaller than that of any other methods, and is close to that of the ideal operation of the DG. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 8–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20116     

光伏电系统用胶体电池的开发

简述了太阳能光伏电系统用蓄电池的基本要求,比较了胶体电池和AGM电池的性能.胶体电池的内阻较大,更适合小电流放电;其小电流放电的低温性能良好,深放电循环寿命达420次,过放电后的电池容量达额定容量的90%以上.     

光蓄互补发电系统控制策略的研究

本文通过研究由光伏阵列、蓄电池组及其管理系统、光伏变流器、负载及电网共同组成的光蓄互补发电系统,根据蓄电池的特性和现在开关器件控制技术的发展,针对蓄电池的充/放电控制策略进行了研究,三相逆变器采用基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的空间矢量控制方式,在介绍了SVPWM的基本原理及合成方法后,对并网和离网两种系统工作模式的控制策略进行了研究,最后控制理论研制了光蓄互补发电系统用变流器,并搭建试验平台对系统进行试验测试,验证了控制策略的正确性。     

A study of the merits of a battery combined photovoltaic generation system for a residential house

In this paper we examine the merits that a practical photovoltaic system combining photovoltaic generation with storage batteries would provide if used in ordinary residences. Various configurations and operation methods could be envisaged for such a system. In this research we examined the optimal battery capacity, operation methods, and economic effects for a system emphasizing an economical merit for the user. We first calculated the hourly amount of photovoltaic generated electricity each month, and used data on average load patterns from actual measurements to calculate battery capacity. Next, taking battery capacity and photovoltaic module capacity/price as parameters, we calculated and evaluated the economic merit for ordinary residences. The result showed that the optimal battery capacity for combination with 3‐ or 5‐kW photovoltaic generation is around 10 kWh, and that a combined system provides a merit even though it entails higher photovoltaic module costs than the use of photovoltaic generation alone. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(4): 20–31, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10302     

偏微分型光伏发电自动跟踪控制系统的研究

采用偏微分型光伏发电自动跟踪控制系统发电量可增加近50％.研究了偏微分型光伏发电自动跟踪控制系统机电部分的结构、工作原理和系统的工作特点.该跟踪装置的跟踪过程具有偏微分方程的特性与求解特征,因此称为偏微分型光伏发电自动跟踪系统.     

一种基于自适应控制算法的光伏发电站自动发电控制系统

光伏电站组成结构时有变化,导致了光伏电站数学模型的时变性和非线性,基于固定参数PID控制算法的自动发电控制系统不能应对这种变化。为了提高光伏电站自动发电控制系统的调节性能,对它的控制算法进行了研究。针对光伏电站,基于波波夫超稳定理论,设计了一种离散自适应控制算法。某50MW光伏电站,基于该算法的自动发电控制系统与基于固定参数PID算法的自动发电控制系统,对它们的控制效果进行了比较分析。仿真结果表明,基于该算法的自动发电控制系统具有优越性和可行性。     

光储微电网的低电压穿越控制策略研究

针对微电网低电压穿越问题,基于光储微电网系统提出一种光储协调控制的低电压穿越策略。在低电压期间,光伏系统采用最大功率跟踪控制,储能系统采用恒压控制维持直流母线电压恒定,在储能出力已达功率限值仍不能维持直流母线电压在允许范围内时,光伏系统切换为恒压控制。考虑到光储微电网负荷波动性大的特点,设计了一种适用于光储微电网并具有无功补偿功能的限流控制策略,为电网提供电压支撑,同时避免并网逆变器输出过电流。仿真结果表明,控制系统能够充分利用光伏发电能量、维持直流母线电压的恒定、抑制并网电流过电流并能发出无功功率支撑并网点电压,实现了低电压穿越,验证了该LVRT控制策略的有效性。     

Analysis of possible introduction of PV systems considering output power fluctuations and battery technology,employing an optimal power generation mix model

This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of extensive introduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and stationary battery technology into the optimal power generation mix in the Kanto and Kinki regions. The introduction of solar PV systems is expected to be extensively deployed in the Japanese household sector and utility companies in order to address the concerns of energy security and climate change. Considering this expected large‐scale deployment of PV systems in electric power systems, it is necessary to investigate the optimal power generation mix which is technologically capable of controlling and accommodating the intermittent output‐power fluctuations inherent in PV systems. Against this background, we develop both a solar photovoltaic power generation model and an optimal power generation mix model, including stationary battery technology, which can be used to explicitly analyze the impact of PV output fluctuations at a detailed time interval resolution such as 10 minutes for 365 consecutive days. Simulation results reveal that PV introduction does not necessarily increase battery technology due to the cost competitiveness of thermal power plants in the load‐following requirement caused by PV systems. Additionally, on the basis of sensitivity analysis on PV system cost, dramatic cost reduction proves to be indispensable for PV to supply bulk electricity similarly to thermal and nuclear power plants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(2): 9–19, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22329     

光储联合发电系统的功率振荡特性分析与控制

高渗透光储并网发电系统功率振荡将因缺乏阻尼能力而威胁系统的动态稳定。首先分析通过调节光储系统的有功、无功增加系统阻尼的原理,并在光储联合系统并网功率控制的基础上,提出光储系统基于有功、无功控制的附加阻尼控制策略。该控制策略通过检测光伏侧直流电压变化,实现功率振荡过程中光伏并网逆变器和蓄电池储能系统的控制模式切换,使联合系统具备持续调节注入系统有功、无功功率的能力,并改善电网的阻尼特性。最后,基于渗透率约为30%的光储并网发电仿真系统,验证在系统出现振荡后,光储系统在所提控制策略下,具备通过快速功率调节抑制功率振荡的能力,从而实现多电源协调改善发电系统阻尼的控制目标。     

钒电池储能在光伏发电中的应用前景

介绍了太阳能光伏及电系统的开发现状以及应用市场前景,分析了钒电池储能系统在太阳能光伏发电系统中的应用优势。对应用于太阳能光伏发电系统的钒电池储能系统进行了系统开发设计。     

光伏发电系统自动监测与控制

对并网光伏发电系统的自动监测和控制进行了设计和研究。并网光伏发电系统中太阳电池阵列产生的直流电通过光伏并网逆变器转换为与大电网相同相位与频率的220 V或380 V正弦交流电,然后并入大电网。分布式光伏发电系统组成的微网和大电网双向交换,通过大电网调节并网光伏发电系统不足和多余的电力,使系统可靠地输出稳定、波形良好的正弦交流电。     

A method of single-phase PWM for an independent power supply in photovoltaic power generation systems

We propose a method of single-phase PWM for an independent power supply in photovoltaic power generation systems. This new PWM is derived by comparing levels of signal waves with one of carrier waves which have bipolar swing different from unipolar swing in the conventional PWM. In this PWM, we can use a battery with lower voltage in combination with the photovoltaic power generation; fundamental level of output voltage is raised by about 11%, though poor in quality of waveforms. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(4): 55–62, 1998     

A method of estimating the output fluctuation of many photovoltaic power generation systems dispersed in a wide area

The largest output fluctuation is an index used to quantify the disturbance of a power grid caused by wind power plants and photovoltaic power generation systems connected to it. In order to develop its estimation method, we investigate the relationship between the largest output fluctuation and the standard deviation of a newly proposed random variable generated by differencing the output variation of photovoltaic power generation systems. Output fluctuation coefficients are defined and estimated using measured data of photovoltaic power generation systems located at 52 places. An approximation equation is presented to predict geographical correlations between the proposed random variables for photovoltaic power systems by using the distances between their locations. Finally, it is shown that the largest output fluctuation of many photovoltaic power generation systems dispersed in a wide area is predictable by using the output fluctuation coefficients and the equation approximating the geographical correlations of output fluctuations. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 9–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20723     

功率型DC/DC变换器在太阳能发电系统上的应用

将一组几百瓦的光伏电池与电流不连续功率型DC/DC变换器组合成单模块,并将其多块的直流输出端并联后就可得到高功率.再经过一台几千瓦的PWM变频器变为交流电输出,或向电网系统输电或向负载供电,由此构成了光伏功率变换器模块形式的太阳能发电系统.电路经过仿真测试,清楚了它的传输特性,其应用的最大特点是,无论太阳能的发电电压如...     

光伏发电有功自动控制技术

为应对光伏发电的间歇性、随机性、波动性给电网带来的诸多不利影响,以传统有功自动控制技术为基础,结合光伏发电特征,研究分析了包括功率限制、计划曲线跟踪等多种光伏发电有功自动控制技术,并且成功进行了我国首次光伏发电有功远程闭环控制操作。分析结果表明：光伏发电有功自动控制技术具有较强的实际可操作性,为光伏发电的发展提供了关键技术支撑。     

基于变论域模糊逻辑的互联电力系统负荷频率控制

随着风电在电力系统中的渗透率不断提高,其出力不确定性对系统频率稳定造成威胁.针对风电接入系统后的频率波动问题,提出变论域模糊PI负荷频率控制策略.为克服传统模糊控制器由于论域固定导致自适应能力有限的缺点,设计的变论域模糊PI负荷频率控制器通过变论域方法实现输入、输出论域的动态调整.为满足风电接入系统后复杂的论域调整需求...