黄药,黑药,二号油在水体中的降解试验研究

本文总结了黄药，黑药，二号油在水体中降解变化规律和其影响因素，为治理浮选废水，预测其对自然环境影响提供了科学依据。     

气相色谱法测定微量黄药

本文采用气相色谱法测定黄药,较通常采用的比色法具有高选择性、高灵敏度。     

黄药及其衍生物的合成与浮选研究进展

详细叙述了以黄药为基本原料合成高级黄药和黄药衍生物的合成原理及工艺,并对其优缺点进行了评述;总结了他们的浮选捕收性能及在工业上的应用。笔者认为,开发高级黄药及黄药衍生物,是提高硫化矿综合利用效率的有效途径。     

提高黄药质量方法的探讨

本文通过对黄药生产过程中各要素相互关系的分析和探讨 ,介绍了提高黄药质量的方法。     

大孔弱碱性树脂吸附铼的动力学研究

本文报道D380大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂从硫酸铵溶液中吸附铼浓度的动力学研究。考察了溶液铼浓度,树脂颗粒半径和温度对交换速度的影响;测定了有效扩散系数、表观活化能和活化熵等动力学和热力学参数。结果表明,粒内扩散是交换过程的唯一控制步骤,G.E.boyd粒内扩散方程也适用于大孔树脂。     

异戊基黄药提高金回收率的研究

本文对异戊基黄药在黄金浮选中的应用,作了理论上和实践上的阐述与论证。主要包括以下内容:1.异戊基黄药提高金回收率的理论研究;2.小型试验;3.工业试验及工业验证试验;4.显著的经济效益。文中不仅对异戊基黄药的优越性作了必要论述,而且对异戊基黄药和现在常用的丁基黄药的捕收性能及稳定性作了比较,从而在技术、经济上指出了这种药剂的推广价值。     

溶剂法生产乙基钾黄药

研究了溶剂法生产乙基钾黄药合适的溶剂，介绍了溶剂法生产乙基钾黄药的生产方法     

乙基黄药与黄铁矿相互作用行为的紫外光谱研究

乙基黄药与黄铁矿作用行为是在有氧的条件下通过紫外光谱进行测定的。黄药同黄铁矿作用时产生一定的双黄药，其量随溶液的ｐＨ值增加而降低。用硫酸铜活化黄铁矿，体系中的乙基黄药是以双黄药、一价铜和二价铜的黄原酸盐形式存在。加入亚硫酸钠等药时，产生双黄药的量同不加时的同ｐＨ值比较要低，且双黄药防搅拌时间的延长而降低；在亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠存在的溶液中，发现有过黄原酸盐。     

Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium on Chitosan Beads: Sorption Isotherms and Kinetics

Abstract

Chitosan is a biopolymer that is usually obtained in a flaked form, nonporous and partially soluble in acidic media. The low porosity of the polymer introduces diffusion constraints which are rate limiting. Modifying the structure of the chitosan is a way to improve the accessibility of the adsorption sites. In this study, the modifications were carried out by dissolving chitosan flakes in an acetic acid solution followed by precipitation in a sodium hydroxide solution to form gel beads. The study deals with the influence of several parameters (metal ion concentration, size of the beads, Chitosan conditioning) on metal ion diffusion. Both sorption isotherms and kinetics were taken into account. The use of this material allowed an adsorption capacity of 76 mg g^?1 to be obtained.     

纳米Ag/Ti02对烯酰吗啉的吸附与光催化降解

用十二烷基磺酸钠对Ag/TiO2光催化剂表面进行了改性,分析了不同酸碱条件下光催化剂表面对烯酰吗啉分子的吸附和氢键的形成情况.在紫外光条件下,以Ag沉积量为0.125%(摩尔分数)的纳米Ag仍ToP2为催化剂,对浓度为100 mg·L-1的烯酰吗啉稀水溶液进行光催化降解,5 h降解率为94%.根据降解过程对烯酰吗啉浓度的高效液相色谱分析、液.质联用色谱分析和紫外.可见光谱分析,探讨了烯酰吗咻的可能分解路径.     

低温溶胶法制备W、N-TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4磁性光催化剂降解动力学研究

采用低温溶胶法制备W、N-Ti O2/Si O2/Fe3O4磁性光催化剂,研究其对有机污水中的甲基橙暗反应吸附规律和光反应催化降解性能。用所制备的W、N-Ti O2/Si O2/Fe3O4磁性光催化剂降解不同浓度的甲基橙,得出其降解反应为一级反应;符合Langmiur-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学模型,反应速率常数k=2.18 mg/(L·min),表观吸附平衡常数K=0.075(L/mg);反应半衰期随着初始浓度的增加而延长。     

An Enhanced Study on Adsorption of Al(iii) onto Bentonite and Kaolin: Kinetics,Isotherms, and Mechanisms

In order to remove aluminum ions in bauxite processing wastewater, two natural clay minerals (bentonite and kaolin) were used as adsorbents. The adsorption behaviors including kinetics and isotherms were studied at much broader pH range, higher temperature, and higher Al(III) concentration by batch experiments. The adsorption mechanisms were investigated by optical microscope, zeta potential testing, and XRD analysis. The results show that Al(III) adsorption is strongly pH dependent and increases clearly with increasing pH. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can best describe the adsorption process, and the intra-particle diffusion was not the sole rate-controlling step. The Langmuir–Freundlich model can fit best the adsorption equilibrium data, and the maximum capacities of Al(III) adsorbed on bentonite and kaolin reach to 8.52 mg g^–1 and 0.58 mg g^–1, respectively, at 35°C. Thermodynamic studies display that the adsorption of Al(III) onto clay minerals is non-spontaneous. The adsorption of Al(III) onto bentonite is endothermic and causes an increase in the entropy, while kaolin is exothermic and causes a decrease in the entropy. The interaction mechanisms of Al(III) with bentonite and kaolin involve electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, surface complex, and precipitation. Bentonite as adsorbent has more potential to remove Al(III) than kaolin.     

ZnO/AC复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

以Zn（NO3）2和Na2CO3为原料,采用直接沉淀与吸附法在粉末活性碳表面负载了ZnO纳米颗粒,制备了ZnO/AC复合光催化剂,并采用XRD,SEM等进行了表征。分别采用紫外光和可见光对10 mg.L^-1的甲基橙溶液进行光降解实验,结果表明：随着ZnO纳米颗粒负载量的增大,光催化活性先提高,然后有所下降。当ZnO与活性碳质量比为0.2时,复合光催化剂具有很高的光催化活性。     

Sorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Sediment Phosphorus in a Tropical Reservoir

The sorption of phosphorus, in the form of dissolved phosphate, on aquatic sediments collected from the tropical Kranji reservoir in Singapore was investigated under oxic and anoxic conditions. Kinetic experiments on sediment samples, collected from three monitoring stations, show that the sorption process consists of fast and slow adsorption stages followed by an equilibrium stage in which further adsorption or desorption may take place. The periods for each stage are in the scale of minutes, hours, and days, respectively. About 67.3–96.6% of the sorption is completed in the first stage under oxic and anoxic conditions. First-order kinetic constants are estimated to be from 4.60 to 12.26 h?1 for the fast adsorption stage, from 0.15 to 0.71 h?1 for the slow adsorption stage, and from 0.005 to 0.028 h?1 for the equilibrium stage. There were no significant differences observed between the sorption kinetic rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. The sorption isotherms of dissolved phosphate are found to be approximately described by the Langmuir equation, taking into consideration the native adsorbed phosphorus. The sorption capacities in different stations are 4.77–10.34 mg∕g of dry sediment for oxic conditions and 2.28–6.01 mg∕g of dry sediment for anoxic conditions. System redox potential has an apparent effect on the sorption capacity. Estimations of the natively sorbed phosphorus show that the sediments of the Kranji reservoir have initial amounts of phosphorus, ranging from 6.29 to 33.46% of the maximum sorption quantity. The sorption constants obtained are comparable to those obtained in temperate regions but have higher adsorption capacities.     

TiO_2/MCM-41的制备及光催化脱色性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同TiO2含量的TiO2/MCM-41光催化剂,以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,对催化剂的光催化脱色性能进行了考察。用XRD、UV-Vis漫反射、N2吸附等方法对光催化剂进行了表征,结果表明:TiO2/MCM-41的比表面积和孔体积随TiO2含量的增加而减小,TiO2/MCM-41负载型催化剂上TiO2平均晶粒尺寸比纯TiO2的小。20%TiO2/MCM-41的光生电子-空穴分离效应最高,且光催化脱色活性最高。光催化反应体系中h+是主要的活性自由基,TiO2/MCM-41的光催化活性由材料的吸附能力和所含TiO2的光催化性能共同决定。     

镧、铁共掺TiO_2光催化剂的合成及其光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-微波法(Sol-Microwave Method)合成了镧、铁共掺纳米TiO_2光催化剂,借助X-射线衍射(XRD) 、光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等技术对样品组成和光吸收特性进行了表征,同时以高压汞灯(HPML)为实验光源、罗丹明B为模型污染物考察了样品的光催化活性.结果表明,所得TiO_2为锐钛矿型,共掺体系的最佳掺杂量为La 0.4%,Fe 0.1%,所获最佳共掺TiO_2对罗丹明B表现出较高的光催化活性,高压汞灯下反应45min,降解率达到92.6%.     

Gd/TiO2气相光催化降解乙烯的动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了Gd3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂Gd/TiO2,以乙烯作为模拟污染物进行气相光催化降解实验,研究乙烯的流速、催化剂的粒径、热效应、反应温度等动力学因素对光催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,乙烯的流速≥20mL·min-1时,光催化活性趋于稳定;粒径大小对光催化活性基本上没有影响.乙烯在纯TiO2和Gd/TiO2样品上的光催化氧化是一级反应,光催化活性随着反应温度的升高而增强,其中,Gd/TiO2样品的光催化性能随反应温度的变化更显著.纯TiO2和Gd/TiO2样品的表观活化能分别为21.5 kJ·mol-1和16.3 kJ·mol-1,反应活化能降低,反应速率加快可能是纯TiO2掺杂Gd3 后光催化活性提高的动力学方面的原因.