生态文明理念下的公园景观生态设计策略及实践

在生态文明理念指导下,深挖公园景观生态内在和外在价值,构建稳定、协调、可持续的公园景观,对缓解城市过度建设带来的人居环境、生态、卫生等方面的问题,凸显人、城市、自然“人—城—园”和谐关系,推进城市生态文明建设,意义重大。文章通过分析生态与景观的共同特征,探索生态元素与景观功能、生态过程与景观空间的内在联动关系,提出“景观特征—景观功能—空间格局”的景观生态设计策略,构建自然生态与人文景观共融的空间格局。同时,以广西独秀峰公园为例,通过打造“独秀峰—秀湖”山水生态基底,制定针对各类景观的生态设计策略和措施,实施“两核六大生态”项目,进一步促进公园景观的生态价值和生态效益产生,以期为公园景观生态设计提供切实可行的方法,为生态文明背景下的城市公园景观生态建设提供参考。     

山地城市景观生态网络构建研究

以长汀县汀州城区为研究对象,运用景观生态学、环境地理学和景观生态安全格局理论,借助Arc GIS空间分析技术对敏感性生态风险要素进行分析评价,得到生态敏感性综合评价模型。并运用生态网络分析方法,借助最小耗费路径模型,构建县城潜在的生态廊道,形成以山体、绿地等为主的斑块,绿带、河流为主的景观廊道,河流、绿地组成复杂多元化的网络体系,土地利用作为景观基底,城市景观要素形成的三维空间为城市景观体,形成"斑-廊-网-基-体"模式的立体生态空间。构建汀州城区景观生态网络体系,探讨其景观生态安全格局的关键组分,以期为保护和恢复生物多样性、维持生态系统结构和过程的完整性、实现对山地城市生态环境有效控制和改善提供科学依据。     

对"景观生态"概念的探讨

从"景观"与"生态"2个概念分别出发,尝试对"景观生态"的概念价值予以深入探讨.以景观具有"生命性"和"形象性"2个方面的科学内涵,及其生态过程是地球生命系统的运动与演化过程为基点,得出:景观为"地球生命系统的外部呈现",其实质是一种具体的现象;与之相对,生态作为"地球生命系统的内在机理",景观生态学与生态系统生态学一起构筑系统视角下完整的生态学研究范畴的基本结论.     

以景观综合评价为前提的景观生态保护规划

当前,国内风景旅游区开发普遍存在“破坏性”建设现象,有必要建立起以景观综合评价为前提的景观生态保护规划。重庆市仙女山国家森林公园总体规划中的生态保护规划,将以生态敏感度和景观敏感度为核心内容的景观综合评价作为景观生态保护和规划建设的基本依据和前提,注重以专业技术知识和技术科学体系为依据,以自然生态优先原则来协调人与自然的关系,同时采取行政立法、经济、科技等手段,以实现人和自然的和谐共生、持续协调发展。     

浅析市政景观设计的生态尺度

介绍景观设计中设计尺度与生态尺度之间的关系,探讨市政景观的生态设计尺度方法。以新加坡·南京生态科技岛首期市政景观工程为例,总结生态尺度设计时应用景观生态学原理,以城市自然景观结构为依据,拟定生态设计尺度,使规划设计既有生态功能又有使用及审美功能。     

意大利VARIGOTTI区域沿海景观生态特性分析

沿海景观生态是城市发展建设的关键问题,在意大利VARIGOTTI区域的规划中,以景观生态建设原理为理论框架,依托该区域的自然环境现状及发展趋势,分析其景观生态结构和空间布局。从地区特点和区域发展趋势出发,发展区域经济和保持区域特色并行,明确并充分体现区域沿海景观生态特性,努力创造富有沿海景观生态特性的绿色VARIGOTTI。     

浅析长沙地区小城镇景观生态规划

对小城镇景观生态规划的含义、内容进行了论述,指明了小城镇景观生态规划的意义：以长沙市岳麓区莲花镇为例,分析了莲花镇景观生态规划目前存在的问题,并提出了一些关于小城镇景观生态规划的建议。     

快速城市化地区景观生态规划研究——以江苏连云港港湾地区为例

从景观变化视角出发,运用景观生态学和生态经济学方法,以连云港港湾区域为例探讨快速城市化地区生态规划的方法及应用。该方法以最新遥感TM影像为基础数据,基于RS/GIS和地统计学方法,将生态系统服务价值和景观破碎度指标进行空间量化和表达,进而将两者叠加后生成景观生态规划分区图,将连云港市区划分为重点生态维护区、重点生态修复区、一般生态维护区、一般生态修复区、城市扩展重点开发区和城市扩展优化开发区,并提出相应分区的景观生态规划方案。     

采煤塌陷区规划的景观策略与方法——以山西司马矿景观生态规划为例

以景观为切入点,探讨煤矿塌陷区规划中景观策略的综合效应及技术手段,从应用方法上为煤矿塌陷区的治理提供新的思路和解决途径。结合山西司马矿景观生态规划实例,从整体的景观格局规划到具体的生态适应设计,提出了煤矿塌陷区复合生态系统恢复的景观方法。     

基于景观生态功能分区的河流生态景观保护规划研究——以金沙江中游虎跳峡河段为例

金沙江中游虎跳峡河段生态与景观保护利用研究以景观生态学原理为基础,综合运用景观生态评价、战略环境评价等方法,较系统地对河段景观生态要素进行评价,以景观生态功能区划为前提,针对水利水电枢纽工程建设周期,综合协调水利水电枢纽工程建设、旅游服务设施建设与景观生态环境保护的关系,优化保护和利用河谷生态环境与风景旅游资源,提升景...     

青岛八大关的建筑艺术研究

青岛八大关的建筑艺术是青岛城市特殊历史环境下的特有产物,是将建筑纳入自然的成功典范.通过建筑的规划、风格形成及对建筑的回顾与思索几个方面,对八大关区域建筑艺术的独特性格进行分析研究,并欣赏建筑环境艺术的迷人魅力.     

Parametric study of thermo-hydro-mechanical response of claystone with consideration of steel corrosion

In this paper,the thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)response of claystone is studied via a series of parametric studies,considering the evolution of mechanical properties and deformation behavior of corroded steel.The numerical simulations are performed by using a coupled THM finite element code and two different constitutive models:a visco-elastoplastic model for geological formation and a von Mises type model for steel liner.The mechanical properties and deformation behavior of corroded steel are described in a conceptual model.Finally,a disposal tunnel supported by a steel liner is studied and a series of parametric studies is defined to demonstrate the corrosion effects of steel liner on the THM response of the claystone.The comparison of different numerical calculations exhibits that the volumetric expansion related to corrosion products has an important impact on the stress and displacement fields in the claystone surrounding the disposal tunnel.However,the evolutions of temperature and liquid pressure in the claystone are essentially controlled by its THM properties and independent of the steel corrosion.     

Prediction of accumulation of seismic deformations of bases

A calculated and experimental method was developed for predicting irreversible settlements of foundations during the operation of a structure, taking into account the shakability of the construction site. This article suggests a way of processing seismological information about recurrence not only of the maximum earthquake for which the structure is designed, but also more likely actions of a lesser level. A procedure is set forth for vibrodynamic soil tests to obtain the original matrix of experimental data about formation of residual deformations within the bounds of compressed strata of the base as a result of application of dynamic actions on different combinations of a static state of stress. These data are used to calculate seismic settlements of the foundation, taking into account the probability of seismic events of different levels during the standard time of the object's operation.Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 6, pp. 15–18, November–December, 1992.     

沿江开发背景下的南京城市发展思路

产业化、城市化、功能化“三化联动”,是沿江开发背景下南京城市快速发展的总体思路。就产业化发展而言,要强调区域协调与因地制宜相结合、综合协调发展、有序发展、同类产业相对集中的观念;就城市化发展而言,要强调因地制宜地推进城市化进程、调整优化沿江城镇布局;就功能化方面而言,要强化区域中心城市交通集散功能,加强中心城市辐射流通职能、构筑多中心城市格局,构筑南京现代物流基础设施平台的主要基础框架,架构跨江绿化生态网络,打造滨江城市形象。     

Simplification of the derivation of influence coefficients for symmetric frusta of shells of revolution

Shell-of-revolution frusta that possess symmetry in a plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the shell are often encountered as parts of bigger shell assemblies, and these frusta can have a wide variety of possible midsurface geometries such as spherical, ellipsoidal, toroidal, parabolic or hyperbolic. This paper presents a new technique for the simplification of the derivation of the influence coefficients for symmetric frusta of shells of revolution. The key strategy is the reduction of the number of unknowns of the problem by decomposing a system of arbitrary shell-edge actions into symmetric and anti-symmetric components conforming to the equatorial symmetry of the configuration.     

Excel在工程量清单评标中的应用

工程量清单计价方式的招标给评标带来了非常繁重的工作,人工清标和评标在短时间内很难准确快速地实现,为此,许多概预算软件公司推出了各种各样的工程量清单评标软件,为了适应各种格式和版本的评标软件,投标单位不得不在各种计价软件中换来换去,造成了大量的重复性投资和重复性培训。本文介绍了作者几年来利用Excel进行工程量清单评标的做法和经验,并给出了示例,以期这种做法得以推广。     

“承包人”概念在总承包框架下的法规范性分析

通过与国外立法的比较和制度结构的逻辑分析,运用法律解释学,试图合理、一致地对我国现行法律框架下工程总承包单位的分包制度和标准给出恰当的解释和说明。回顾了我国工程分包管理和违法分包认定的立法变迁,指出我国法律、法规在“总承包”、“分包”概念的使用中,语言表达不严谨,内涵和外延不清晰,不同法规表述之间存在难解和混乱。在对工程总承包模式推行前后分包商地位的对比分析后,揭示了在工程总承包模式下违法分包层级的判断准则,对《合同法》中“承包人”概念的解释提出建议。     

Thermal analysis of the joints of external walls by means of a thermovision system

A method is presented of generalizing fields of temperatures using a basic solution which can be applied to the quantitative analysis of thermograms. This method allows a comparison of the actual temperature distribution on a wall surface with the temperatures which should result from a properly-executed building design, and thus permits defects in production and assembly to be located and analysed. Taking as an example a vertical and a horizontal joint, the method of comparing the obtained thermogram with the basic solution design or vice versa is presented.     

Results of evaluation of the strength of concrete placed in the shafts of cast-in-place piles

Conclusions 1. Application of the method of underwater concreting with the use of a container is inexpedient in connection with the presence of a large number of flaws detected in the shafts of cast-in-place piles formed by this method; concreting of holes by the VAT method is preferable.2. The strength of concrete in the shafts of cast-in-place piles increases, reaching a maximum at a depth of 0.4–0.5 the length of the shaft. Variation in strength along the shaft is explained primarily by the percentage of coarse aggregate contained in the concrete.3. The quality of pile concrete should be monitored during all stages of pile installation, and, primarily during the stage of concreting, i.e., when there is a chance of correcting an observed defect.All-Union Institute for the Design and Planning of Health Resorts. Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 5, pp. 14–17, September–October, 1976.     

Comparison of the performance of four measure-correlate-predict algorithms

Measure-correlate-predict (MCP) algorithms are used to predict the wind resource at target sites for wind power development. This paper describes some of the MCP approaches found in the literature and then compares the performance of four of them, using a common set of data from a variety of sites (complex terrain, coastal, offshore). The algorithms that are compared include a linear regression model, a model using distributions of ratios of the wind speeds at the two sites, a vector regression method, and a method based on the ratio of the standard deviations of the two data sets. The MCP algorithms are compared using a set of performance metrics that are consistent with the ultimate goals of the MCP process. The six different metrics characterize the estimation of (1) the correct mean wind speed, (2) the correct wind speed distribution, (3) the correct annual energy production at the target site, assuming a sample wind turbine power curve, and (4) the correct wind direction distribution. The results indicate that the method using the ratio of the standard deviations of the two data sets and the model that uses the distribution of ratios of the wind speeds at the two sites work the best. The linear regression model and the vector regression model give biased estimates of a number of the metrics, due to the characteristics of linear regression.