传统发酵食品浆水中厌氧微生物分离鉴定初探

通过对浆水中的厌氧微生物区系进行了分离与鉴定,初步分离得到7株菌株,经形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征鉴定。结果表明:浆水中的优势菌群为乳酸菌和酵母菌,7株菌株初步鉴定A、B为酵母菌;C、E为乳杆菌;D为肠球菌;F为乳球菌。     

蜂蜜中耐高渗透压酵母菌的分离与鉴定

从我国华北地区采集到不同来源的蜂蜜样品13份,对其中耐高渗透压酵母菌进行分离与鉴定,经形态学特征、生理生化特征和26S rDNA基因测序分析,结果表明,分离到的7株耐高渗酵母菌分别鉴定为:菌株A、B为八孢裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces octosporus);菌株C、D、E为蜂蜜接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces mellis);菌株F、G为暹罗接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces siamensis)。     

红茶菌中优势菌种的分离鉴定和发育树分析

目的:试验主要对红茶菌进行优势菌种的分离鉴定,并根据鉴定结果对其进行发育树分析。方法:将红茶菌原液进行分菌培养,得到的菌种进行纯化。对纯化后的单菌落进行扩大培养,提取DNA。分别采用16S r DNA和ITS进行基因扩增,细菌采用通用引物27F和1492R,真菌采用通用引物ITS1和ITS4进行扩增并对扩增产物进行BLAST分析。在数据库中对比基因相似度并通过Mega6.0分析,构建菌种发育树。结果:经过单菌落纯化,得到单一外表的醋酸菌和酵母菌。通过PCR扩增和凝胶电泳得出醋酸菌1500bp左右,酵母菌500bp左右。通过测序,将测序结果在BLAST中进行比对,将相似性基因通过Mega6.0分析,分别得到菌种发育树。结论:在生物学鉴定和系统发育树分析后,初步确定C1为醋酸杆菌Acetobacter sp.M1T5B1,1406bp。A1为异酒香酵母Brettanomyces anomalus,486bp。     

宜宾芽菜风味的感官鉴定与电子鼻分析的相关性研究

以宜宾芽菜为研究对象,利用人工感官鉴定对不同发酵时期的芽菜风味属性进行评价,采用主成分分析法（PCA）和判别因子分析法（DFA）研究电子鼻技术区分辨别不同发酵期芽菜风味的能力;同时采用偏最小二乘法（PLSR）将芽菜风味的感官鉴定结果与电子鼻传感器进行相关性分析。结果表明,电子鼻能够有效区分不同发酵时期的芽菜风味,传感器LY2/gCT、LY2/gCT1、LY2/LG、LY2/G、T30/1和P30/2与芽菜酱腌味相关性较好,传感器P10/2、P40/2、A2和P30/1与芽菜鲜味相关性良好,传感器T70/2和TA2与芽菜酸味相关性高度一致,传感器P10/1、T40/1、T40/2、LY2/Gh和P40/1与余味残留、整体风味这两个芽菜感官属性指标相关性较为一致。研究结果可为宜宾芽菜在生产过程中的风味监控提供新的技术途径。     

果汁饮料腐败酵母菌——出芽短梗霉的分离与鉴定

目的:从腐败果汁饮料中分离得到一株黑酵母,对其进行特性研究,为果汁饮料中腐败酵母菌的控制提供参考。方法:以NL1和NL4为引物,对分离到的酵母菌菌株3814B基因组进行26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列扩增。结论:菌株3814B具有耐高渗性,能够在50%葡萄糖琼脂上生长;酵母菌的菌落形态随培养时间延长发生变化,菌落发育形态和菌体细胞特征对菌株鉴定具有直观、简洁的优点;PCR扩增后的基因碱基序列经Gene Bank公布的同源基因碱基序列比对,把分离到的菌株3814B鉴定为出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)。结论:分子鉴定和形态学鉴定相结合对于果汁中腐败酵母的鉴定更为准确有效。     

芽菜中高效降解亚硝酸盐菌株的分离鉴定

以芽菜为研究对象,筛选亚硝酸盐高效降解菌,采用分离纯化、分子生物学鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定。结果表明:通过显色反应、降解能力测定和形态学特征比较,最终筛选出7株具有强降解能力的亚硝酸盐还原菌株,其中A5、A7在浓度为400μg/mL NaNO2的液体培养基中培养24h的降解率最快,分别为80.49%、85.03%,在培养72h后降解率接近99%,进行分子生物学鉴定,结果表明:菌株皆为芽孢杆菌属,其中A5为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、A7为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。     

鲊辣椒生香酵母的分离筛选鉴定及其应用研究

从自然发酵鲊辣椒中以嗅闻法结合总酯含量作为生香酵母的筛选依据分离筛选到1株生香酵母,经鉴定并分类命名为库德里阿兹威氏毕赤酵母菌(Pichia kudriavzevii)Y50,为探究该菌株混菌发酵生产鲊辣椒的品质提升作用,将Y50与植物乳杆菌混合发酵鲊辣椒(C),以自然发酵的鲊辣椒(A)以及接种植物乳杆菌发酵的鲊辣椒(B)为对比研究对象,对3种鲊辣椒的基本理化指标、辣椒碱、有机酸和挥发性成分进行比较分析。结果表明,3种鲊辣椒pH值、总酸、亚硝酸盐、胡萝卜素含量较为接近,但鲊辣椒C中有机酸含量达(25.46±0.32) g/kg,比鲊辣椒A和鲊辣椒B分别高出57.8%和32.2%。鲊辣椒A、B、C中分别检出挥发性风味物质90种、67种和72种,其中鲊辣椒C的挥发性物质含量最高,为(10 101.11±99.04)μg/kg,酯类、醇类、醛类、酸类挥发性物质含量均有提高,相比A、B分别提升了75%、358%、106%、23%和102%、59%、68%、51%,赋予鲊辣椒更浓郁的酯香、花香和果香,说明添加生香酵母Y50能提升鲊辣椒整体的风味品质,通过气味活度值(odor activity v...     

利用16S rRNA序列鉴定分离自芽菜中的芽孢杆菌

从宜宾芽菜中分离优势菌群,选取4株芽孢杆菌,分别为B1、B2、B3、B4.对4株菌的16S rRNA基因经PCR扩增测序,将测序结果同该属内菌株的16S rRNA序列作多序列比较,并建立芽孢杆菌属的系统发育树.结合细菌形态学生理生化特性鉴定结果,结果表明菌株B1、B3为枯草芽孢杆菌,菌株B2为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,菌株B4为乙酰微小杆菌.     

清酒酵母菌鉴定及蛋白质组学分析技术的应用

清酒酵母菌的菌株很多，因此对清酒酵母菌的鉴定就显得十分重要。然而，由于清酒酵母多为近缘菌，尚未确立对清酒酵母菌的一般性的鉴定方法。采用蛋白质组学的二维电泳方法对清酒酵母菌进行鉴定具有较好的有效性。     

湘西传统酸豆角优势乳酸菌分离及鉴定

从湘西传统发酵酸豆角中分离出A、B、C、D、E等5株乳酸菌,经过培养特性、生理生化试验、发酵能力测定,筛选出B、D两株产酸快、发酵风味好的菌株作为优势菌株。经初步鉴定,确定B菌株为肠膜明串株菌（Leuconostoc mesenteroides）,D菌株为短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bevies）。     

Survival and growth of Listeria species in a model ready-to-use vegetable product containing raw and cooked ingredients as affected by storage temperature and acidification

Summary The survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua strains inoculated onto cooked sweet corn and fresh bean sprouts packed individually, and as components of a combination product, were examined at refrigeration and mild abuse temperatures. Growth rates were both temperature and vegetable dependent. Maximal growth rates (1.14 ± 0.1log CFU/day) were identified on cooked sweet corn at 12 °C. The inclusion of cooked sweet corn did not significantly increase ( P > 0.05) the growth rate or final Listeria population density of bean sprouts stored at 8 °C and 12 °C. The sensory quality of bean sprouts was relatively temperature independent for the initial 48 h of storage, but was maximized (4 days shelf life) at 3 °C. Acidification of sweet corn to pH 5, particularly with citric acid, slowed Listeria growth and could be an additional hurdle to supplement temperature in maintaining the safety of minimally processed vegetable combination products.     

市售豆芽携带细菌种属鉴定及酸性电解水的杀菌效果

为了探究市售豆芽携带细菌种类,寻求有效的杀菌方法,采用16S r RNA基因序列分析对分离的细菌进行种属鉴定,并考察了不同p H值的酸性电解水对豆芽的杀菌效果。结果表明,分离出的5株细菌分别为Kosakonia、Staphylococcus、Klebsiella、Enterobacter和Enterobacter属成员。p H值为3.02、4.47和5.58,有效氯质量浓度为46.00 mg/L左右的酸性电解水处理市售新鲜豆芽,可以显著降低其微生物数量。p H 4.47、有效氯质量浓度为46.09 mg/L的酸性电解水处理黄豆芽,使其细菌总数、酵母菌和霉菌菌落总数、大肠菌群菌落数分别降低了1.14、2.48、1.29(lg(CFU/g)),该指标的酸性电解水处理绿豆芽,使其细菌菌落总数、酵母菌和霉菌菌落总数、大肠菌群菌落数分别降低1.23、1.42、1.25(lg(CFU/g))。因而酸性电解水对于提高市售豆芽的食用安全性可以发挥积极的作用。     

菌种对芽菜发酵影响的研究

将选育的芽菜工作菌种,接种于菜中进行发酵。通过同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)-气质联用(GC-MS),分析不同发酵阶段芽菜的风味物质,并结合感官评定结果来判定芽菜的发酵情况。结果表明:芽菜接种发酵后的发酵周期比自然发酵缩短了近一个月,而且复合菌AN1∶AE发酵的芽菜产生的风味物质组分增多,口感最好,其次是AN∶AE,最后是自然发酵。     

Irradiation to kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on ready-to-eat radish and mung bean sprouts

A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in eliminating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on commercial ready-to-eat radish and mung bean sprouts and to assess the chemical and physical quality of these sprouts. The use of ionizing radiation was investigated as a means of reducing or totally inactivating these pathogens, if present, on the sprouts. Treatment of mung bean and radish sprouts with a dose of 1.5 and 2.0 kGy, respectively, significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella to nondetectable limits. The total vitamin C content was gradually reduced with the increase in irradiation dose (P < 0.0001). However, the effect of storage interval on the loss of vitamin C was nonsignificant for radish sprouts and significant for mung bean sprouts (P < 0.04). The color, firmness, and overall visual quality of the tested sprouts were acceptable when effective doses were applied to both radish and mung bean sprouts. Therefore, ionizing radiation could be useful in reducing the population of pathogens on sprouts and yet retain acceptable quality parameters.     

Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Fava Bean Sprouts

Fava beans are eaten all over the world and recently, marketing for their sprouts began in Japan. Fava bean sprouts contain more polyphenols and l ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l ‐DOPA) than the bean itself. Our antioxidant screening program has shown that fava bean sprouts also possess a higher antioxidant activity than other commercially available sprouts and mature beans. However, the individual constituents of fava bean sprouts are not entirely known. In the present study, we investigated the phenolic compounds of fava bean sprouts and their antioxidant activity. Air‐dried fava bean sprouts were treated with 80% methanol and the extract was partitioned in water with chloroform and ethyl acetate. HPLC analysis had shown that the ethyl acetate‐soluble parts contained phenolic compounds, separated by preparative HPLC to yield 5 compounds ( 1 ? 5 ). Structural analysis using NMR and MS revealed that the compounds isolated were kaempferol glycosides. All isolated compounds had an α‐rhamnose at the C‐7 position with different sugars attached at the C‐3 position. Compounds 1 ? 5 had β‐galactose, β‐glucose, α‐rhamnose, 6‐acetyl‐β‐galactose and 6‐acetyl‐β‐glucose, respectively, at the C‐3 position. The amount of l ‐DOPA in fava bean sprouts was determined by the quantitative ¹H NMR technique. The l ‐DOPA content was 550.45 mg ± 11.34 /100 g of the raw sprouts. The antioxidant activities of compounds 2 ? 5 and l ‐DOPA were evaluated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. l ‐DOPA showed high antioxidant activity, but the isolated kaempferol glycosides showed weak activity. Therefore, it can be suggested that l ‐DOPA contributed to the antioxidant activity of fava bean sprouts.     

Use of Bean Sprout Enterobacteriaceae Isolates as Biological Control Agents of Pseudomonas fluorescens

ABSTRACT: Bean sprouts were cultivated under in vitro conditions as a model system to study the mechanism of bacteria-mediated spoilage in bean sprouts. Pseudomonas fluorescens , or Erwinia spp., were inoculated onto sprouts at several stages during cultivation. Five strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the native microflora of sprouts prevented Pseudomonas -mediated spoilage by co-inoculating these cultures on seeds that were soaking in water. The population of P. fluorescens in co-inoculated liquid medium culture with a strain (B1) decreased slightly. The results indicated that the Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested played an important role in preventing Pseudomonas -mediated spoilage by growing competitively with P. fluorescens .     

Effect of UV‐B treatment during the growth process on the postharvest quality of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata)

The production patterns and nutritious qualities of mung bean sprouts are in line with the consumption needs of modern people. This study was conducted to explore the effects of low doses of UV‐B irradiation on the 3‐day growth period of mung bean sprouts. The results showed that, when mung bean sprouts were irradiated with UV‐B (0.738 kJ m^?2) for 1 h per day, their total phenolic content increased by 22.80%, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased by 45.45%. Hypocotyl epidermis stomata were closed, reducing water loss and the opportunity for microbes to invade plants, leading to the maintenance of freshness of the sprouts. In conclusion, UV‐B irradiation for 1 h per day during the growth of mung bean sprouts can effectively improve their preservation. This method is a low‐cost, environmental friendly and pollution‐free physical preservation technique, and it has good application prospects.     

光质对小豆芽苗菜生长和类黄酮的影响及其机理初步探究

为探索最适宜小豆芽苗菜生长的光质和光周期,为工厂化生产光环境调控提供依据,分别在黑暗(D)、白光(W)、蓝光(B),紫外光A(UV-A)和紫外光B(UV-B)下培养小豆芽苗菜,研究不同光质对小豆芽苗菜的生长和类黄酮含量的影响,并初步探究类黄酮合成机制。结果表明,与W相比,UV-B处理显著(p<0.05)降低了小豆芽苗菜株高、可食鲜重和含水率,但不影响其可食干重。与D和W相比,其他光质处理均显著(p<0.05)提高了小豆芽苗菜类黄酮含量,其中UV-B处理显著(p<0.05)高于其他光质处理;同时UV-B处理显著(p<0.05)提高芦丁和山奈酚含量;不同UV-B处理时长都降低了其含水率,4 h是比较适合小豆芽苗菜生长和营养积累的UV-B光照时间。在120 h之内,UV-B处理下类黄酮含量持续上升;在60 h之内,UV-B处理下查尔酮合成酶(CHS)和黄酮醇合酶(FLS)酶活性持续高于W处理,并且UV-B促进类黄酮合成相关酶活性基因的表达。因此,UV-B通过提高CHS和FLS酶活性及相关基因的表达显著(p<0.05)提高小豆芽苗菜黄酮类物质及其单体含量。     

Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Selected Strains of Salmonella enterica and Entrohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of Fresh Produce Origin

This study compared the abilities of selected Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of fresh produce origin to form biofilms on polystyrene surface and to attach to alfalfa and bean sprouts. Each of the 7 S. enterica and 4 EHEC inocula (2 mL; 10⁷ CFU/mL) was placed in 6 different broths in 24‐well polystyrene tissue culture plates at 28 °C for 1 to 7 d. Developed biofilms were quantified using the crystal violet binding assay. In a separate experiment, alfalfa and mung bean sprouts (5 g) were exposed to 25 mL inocula (10⁷ CFU/mL) of S. enterica or EHEC at 22 °C for 2 h with shaking at 40 rpm. Contaminated sprouts were thoroughly rinsed and homogenized in 0.1% peptone water, and bacteria attached to sprouts were enumerated. Biofilm mass accumulated on polystyrene surface increased with incubation time (P < 0.05). Among the microbiological media used, LB no salt (NaCl) broth better supported biofilm development (P < 0.05). Two EHEC strains formed more biofilms than the Salmonella and other two EHEC strains (P < 0.05). However, more Salmonella cells (5.66 log CFU/g) attached to sprouts than EHEC cells (3.46 log CFU/g). Both Salmonella and EHEC attached in higher numbers to mung bean, than alfalfa, sprouts (P < 0.05).     

聊城市市售豆芽菜中5种植物生长调节剂残留调查分析

目的 分析聊城市东昌府区市售绿豆芽和黄豆芽中6-苄基腺嘌呤、4-氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸的残留情况。方法 样品采用QuEChERs方法提取, 用含有0.1%甲酸的5 mmol/L乙酸铵水(A)和甲醇(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 质谱采用多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强子离子扫描模式(multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion, MRM-IDA-EPI), 同时得到的子离子谱图用于谱图库检索进行定性确证分析。结果 绿豆芽和黄豆芽中均存在植物生长调节剂残留, 在所检测的20份样品中, 10份检出6-苄基腺嘌呤, 11份检出4-氯苯氧乙酸, 20份检出吲哚乙酸, 其他两项均未检出。阳性样品的谱图匹配度均高于70%。结论 市售豆芽中植物生长调节剂的滥用依然存在, 必须持续监测和控制豆芽中植物生长调节剂的残留, 谨防滥用植物生长调节剂给消费者健康带来的风险。