Biological nitrogen removal with a real-time control strategy using moving slope changes of pH(mV)- and ORP-time profiles

A new real-time control strategy using moving slope changes of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)- and pH(mV)-time profiles was designed. Its effectiveness was evaluated by operating a farm-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process using the strategy. The working volume of the SBR was 18 m³, and the volumetric loading rate of influent was 1 m³ cycle⁻¹. The SBR process comprised six phases: feeding → anoxic → anaerobic → aerobic → settle → discharge. The anoxic and aerobic phases were controlled by the developed real-time control strategy. The nitrogen break point (NBP) in the pH(mV)-time profile and the nitrate knee point (NKP) in the ORP-time profile were designated as real-time control points for the aerobic and anoxic phases, respectively. Through successful real-time control, the duration of the aerobic and anoxic phases could be optimized and this resulted in very high N removal and a flexible hydraulic retention time. Despite the large variation in the loading rate (0.5-1.8 kg NH₄-N m⁻³ cycle⁻¹) due to influent strength fluctuation, complete removal of NH₄-N (100%) was always achieved. The removal efficiencies of soluble nitrogen (NH₄-N plus NO_x-N), soluble total organic carbon, and soluble chemical oxygen demand were 98%, 90%, and 82%, respectively. Monitoring the ORP and pH(mV) revealed that pH(mV) is a more reliable control parameter than ORP for the real-time control of the oxic phase. In some cases, a false NBP momentarily appeared in the ORP-time profile but was not observed in the pH(mV)-time profile. In contrast, ORP was more the reliable control parameter for NKP detection in the anoxic phase, since the appearance of NKP in the pH(mV)-time profile was sometimes vague.     

时程频谱结合分析方法对展望桥人行舒适度的分析与控制

采用时程分析方法,将加速度响应时程和频谱相结合,对深圳湾体育中心展望桥进行人行舒适度的分析与控制。Dickmann、Sperling、BSI 5400及Euro code等舒适度标准不够全面合理,采用ATC和调整的Euro code作为舒适度评价标准。考虑人跳跃、起立、行走,采用基于Grundmann模型模拟分析人群行走(同步和随机),较好地揭示了结构振动特性,发现了展望桥结构刚度薄弱环节,通过对结构适当加强调整,有效控制了展望桥结构局部振动,改善了展望桥舒适度性能水准。     

Fuzzy logic control for a parallel hybrid hydraulic excavator using genetic algorithm

In this paper, fuzzy logic control is put forward in a parallel hybrid hydraulic excavator for the purposes of better energy distribution and higher fuel economy. A mathematical model of parallel hybrid hydraulic excavator is presented in detail, and the parameters of components and overall system are listed and analyzed. The fuzzy logic controller is then designed to cope with energy distribution and management. To achieve better equivalent fuel consumption, genetic algorithm is implemented to fine-tune the membership functions. The control effects are compared between different control strategies, e.g. rule-based control and fine-tuned fuzzy logic control. The results indicate that hybrids with the proposed strategy can improve fuel economy for the excavator without sacrificing any system performance.     

An efficient method for structural damage detection using a differential evolution algorithm-based optimisation approach

An efficient method employing the differential evolution algorithm (DEA) as an optimisation solver is presented here to identify the multiple damage cases of structural systems. Natural frequency changes of a structure are considered as a criterion for damage occurrence. The structural damage detection problem is first transformed into a standard optimisation problem dealing with continuous variables, and then the DEA is utilised to solve the optimisation problem for finding the site and extent of structural damage. In order to assess the performance of the proposed method for structural damage identification, some illustrative examples are numerically tested, considering also measurement noise. All the numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for accurately determining the site and extent of multiple-structural damage. Also, the performance of the DEA for damage detection compared to the standard particle swarm optimisation is confirmed by a test example.     

Long-term performance assessment of the Telegraph Road Bridge using a permanent wireless monitoring system and automated statistical process control analytics

The purpose of this study is to advance wireless sensing technology for permanent installation in operational highway bridges for long-term automated health assessment. The work advances the design of a solar-powered wireless sensor network architecture that can be permanently deployed in harsh winter climates where limited solar energy and cold temperatures are normal operational conditions. To demonstrate the performance of the solar-powered wireless sensor network, it is installed on the multi-steel girder bridge carrying northbound I-275 traffic over Telegraph Road (Monroe, Michigan) in 2011; a unique design feature of the bridge is the use of pin and hanger connections to support the bridge main span. A dense network of strain gauges, accelerometers and thermometers are installed to acquire bridge responses of interest to the bridge manager including responses that would be affected by long-term bridge deterioration. The wireless monitoring system collects sensor data on a daily schedule and communicates the data to the Internet where it is stored in a curated data repository. Bridge response data in the repository are autonomously processed to extract truck load events using machine learning, compensate for environmental variations using nonlinear regression and to quantitatively assess anomalous bridge performance using statistical process control.     

新型SMA阻尼器在体育场挑篷结构中的减振效果分析

振动控制是结构抗震防灾的一种积极有效手段．目前有关大跨空间结构的振动控制技术尚不成熟，因此亟待研究和发展，本将作提出的一种新型形状记忆合金(SMA)阻尼器应用于体育场挑篷结构，探讨了其在大跨空间结构中的减振控制理论和方法．通过地震反应时程分析．具体研究了其减振控制效果，对有控和无控状态下的节点位移和杆件内力进行了对比分析．结果表明，该新型SMA阻尼器可有效减小挑篷结构的地震响应．     

Structural parameter identification and damage detection for a steel structure using a two-stage finite element model updating method

A two-stage eigensensitivity-based finite element (FE) model updating procedure is developed for structural parameter identification and damage detection for the IASC-ASCE structural health monitoring benchmark steel structure on the basis of ambient vibration measurements. In the first stage, both the weighted least squares and Bayesian estimation methods are adopted for the identification of the connection stiffness of beam-column joints and Young’s modulus of the structure; then the damage detection is conducted via the FE model updating procedure for detecting damaged braces with different damage patterns of the structure. Comparisons between the FE model updated results and the experimental data show that the eigensensitivity-based FE model updating procedure is an effective tool for structural parameter identification and damage detection for steel frame structures.     

软土地区特殊精密装置基础微变形控制设计与实践

首先,简要介绍了上海光源工程基础微变形控制的设计难点;其次,提出并研究了进一步减少桩基变形的技术措施与改进桩基变形计算方法相结合的微变形控制技术;最后,将现场监测结果与和本文改进计算方法得到的结果进行了对比,二者吻合较好,且现场监测结果满足了极为严格的控制要求。     

Model-based design and experimental validation of active vibration control for a stress ribbon bridge using pneumatic muscle actuators

This paper describes the development of an active vibration control system for a light and flexible stress ribbon footbridge. The 13 m span carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) stress ribbon bridge was built in the laboratory of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Berlin Institute of Technology. Its lightness and flexibility result in high vibration sensitivity. To reduce pedestrian-induced vibrations, very light pneumatic muscle actuators are placed at handrail level, introducing control forces. First, a reduced discretized analytical model is derived for the stress ribbon bridge. To verify the analytical prediction, experiments without feedback control are conducted. Based on this model, a delayed velocity feedback control strategy is designed. To handle the nonlinearities of the muscle actuator, a subsidiary force control is implemented. Then the control performance from numerical simulation is verified by experiments under free vibration. As a result, analytical analyses agree well with experimental results. It is demonstrated that handrail-introduced forces can efficiently control the first mode response.     

Voltage regulation of a stand-alone self-excited induction generator using STATCON with one cycle control technique for wind energy conversion system

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the simple voltage regulation scheme using a three-phase static VAr compensator (STATCON) for a stand-alone self-excited induction generator (SEIG) that uses variable-speed wind generation system. Most of the loads are inductive and need an equal amount of leading VArs, which is generated by the STATCON and injected at point of common coupling instantaneously. The one cycle control technique is considered and modified to implement for VAr compensation of SEIG voltage regulation. To emphasis the controller characteristics, a STATCON is designed for a 3-Ø, 0.75?kW, 415?V, 1.8?A Induction Machine and tested in simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.