工程项目施工规划与造价管理分析

本文通过工程项目施工规划的分析,提出在施工规划时考虑合理有效措施加强造价管理的理念,以达到事前控制造价的目的,强调运用这种理念对工程项目降低施工成本,控制工程造价的重要意义。     

应用计算机辅助管理促进项目成本控制

工程项目施工管理推行项目经理责任制和项目成本核算制是提高施工企业管理水平和效益的有效措施。本文介绍的计算机应用软件工程项目成本管理系统为项目成本控制和核算提供了有效的工具     

Critical path effect based delay analysis method for construction projects

Assessing schedule delay's impact on total project duration to distribute delay liability remains a controversy. None of existing delay analysis methods is perfect because including an element of assumptions, subjective assessment and theoretical projection. Windows-based delay analysis methods are excellent in identifying and measuring construction schedule delays. Based on a previous study identifying potential problems in available windows-based delay analysis methods, this study proposes an innovative windows-based delay analysis method, called the effect-based delay analysis method (the EDAM method). The EDAM method performs delay analysis using extracted windows and determines delay impacts by considering the effects of delays on the critical path(s). According to its application to hypothetical cases and comparisons with other methods, the EDAM method is efficient in delay analysis and effective in solving concurrent delays and determining schedule shortened. The proposed EDAM method is a good alternative for schedule delay analysis for construction projects.     

Development of virtual and real-field construction management systems in innovative, intelligent field factory

In this study, we proposed a concept of virtual and real-field construction management systems (VR-Coms), which is integrated with virtual construction simulation, planning, scheduling, and performance management systems to evaluate productivity and safety in virtual simulated and real-field constructions. And, we built up a computational environment to develop the VR-Coms. The VR-Coms offer supporting modules for learning and discovering solutions with objective to manage construction at right speed with improved humanware and constructability. The configuration of VR-Coms is described. This paper also shows an application of agent theory to construction management.     

Developing a knowledge map for construction scheduling using a novel approach

A knowledge map is a vital tool for better knowledge management and learning. While application of knowledge maps in the construction domain remains in the initial stages of development, the construction industry is experience-oriented and therefore suited to knowledge maps. This study presents a novel approach for developing a knowledge map for construction scheduling. According to framework-based classification, this study utilizes a science-specific search engine to search for literature on construction scheduling knowledge. Search results are then used to develop a file cabinet knowledge map consisting of a contour map, and several trend and density charts. This map representation compensates for the lack of various meanings in a single knowledge map. For novices interested in learning construction scheduling knowledge, results of this study provide constructive information to know the key issues and research trends in the construction domain. In summary, this study presents a suitable procedure for extracting knowledge from public knowledge sources for development of a knowledge map. The proposed approach can be used for rapid generation of knowledge maps.     

企业施工定额的编制以及施工成本分析平台的应用

本文阐述了施工企业内部编制定额的必要性和成本分析平台的实用性,并根据多年的工作经验就建筑施工企业对施工成本的控制谈谈一自己的认识和看法.     

风险分析方法在建设项目造价控制中的应用

本文针对建设项目造价控制提出了一种风险分析方法,阐述了风险分析的概念及其应用于建设项目造价控制的基本思路、方法和具体步骤,分析了建设项目主要的风险因素、风险评估体系、主要风险解决方案以及采取的风险对策。利用这种方法可以有效地预测建设项目潜在的造价风险,并准确控制项目最终造价水平,积极主动地防止造价偏差,从而将工程造价控制在一个可预测的水平。风险分析方法可以用在项目实施的准备阶段及项目施工阶段直至工程竣工,贯穿于项目建设的全过程,而且是一个动态过程、定期监控过程。风险分析方法的要点在于风险的识别、评估、监控以及对策研究。风险分析方法在建设项目造价控制中的应用前景十分广泛。     

某弧形教学楼施工进度管理中工期优化的实践

通过对某学院弧形教学楼工程项目范围、目标和采用工期优化的具体操作进行分析,探讨了工期优化的常用方法,以期为其他相近项目工期优化提供指导。     

Evaluating schedule delay causes for private participating public construction works under the Build-Operate-Transfer model

Project delivery method of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) increases the commencement probability of public construction works through private investments. Public construction works worldwide that adopt the BOT model as their project delivery method are increasing gradually. Although many BOT projects have been implemented at various stages, some projects encounter major obstacles for advancement. This study attempts to identify the delay causes in various stages of BOT projects. Opinions of BOT participants’ replies are solicited using two questionnaire surveys. Those outcomes are analyzed using by traditional statistical methods and structural equation modeling method. Study results reveal that the stage of ‘negotiation and signing of concession agreement’ is the most essential stage, in which ‘improper contract planning,’ ‘debt problem’ and ‘uncertainty on political issues and government-finished items’ are the most significant delay causes. Identified causes of delay can be used to prevent the postponement of future BOT projects.     

Value-added analysis of the construction submittal process

Construction contracts require builders to reproduce and certify paper documents that attest to the quality and or functionality of the systems, equipment, products, and materials planned for inclusion in a finished facility. Once submitted these documents are approved or acknowledged as part of a quality control process prior to placing purchase or fabrication orders. Despite widespread advances in other areas of information technology, the submittal process remains mired in paper-based procedures that add unnecessary cost to construction projects. This paper describes current practice and then highlights lessons-learned from selected interviews with those adopting innovative technology to streamline that process. The authors discuss their submittal process simulation model. Construction teams may adapt this model to reflect their specific context to justify and monitor the application of new technologies aimed at eliminating submittal transmission, routing, and handling costs within the context of existing contracting processes.     

Formalisms for query capture and data source identification to support data fusion for construction productivity monitoring

Productivity monitoring, which involves frequent monitoring and analysis of on-going construction activities, helps in assessing a project's performance and in enabling identification of opportunities for improvement. It often involves finding answers for dynamic user queries that require data to be fused from different combinations of heterogeneous data sources having different levels of detail, representations and reference systems. Digital elements of these sources are expanding exponentially, and yet fusing and processing them manually remains a challenging problem. In this paper, the authors present a formal approach for capturing dynamic user queries and identifying applicable sets of data sources from a given set of available data sources to answer such queries. This approach is an important step to enable automated and efficient multi-source data fusion.     

建筑业施工企业人力资源管理现状分析与对策

建筑业是中国国民经济的支柱产业,在相当长的时期内,建筑业承担着庞大的建设施工任务,建筑施工企业成为建筑市场的主力军。在激烈的建筑市场竞争中,人力资源是施工企业内部资源要素的首位。沿袭中国传统企业管理模式,建筑施工企业人力资源管理的薄弱与力不从心,体现了诸多的问题。本文就施工企业面对队伍管理方式落后,人员分散和流动,队伍结构失衡,人才流动、流失普遍,劳务分包选择被动等人力资源状况进行了分析,提出施工企业人力资源分层管理,劳动力配置和控制,信息管理等方面的对策探讨。     

高校建设项目效益分析

国际上基本建设项目评价理论的四个发展阶段;基本建设项目的经济效益、社会效益特点以及公共建筑与环境和文化之间的和谐;高校基本建设投入产出效益的特征。     

An object recognition, tracking, and contextual reasoning-based video interpretation method for rapid productivity analysis of construction operations

Measuring the process of construction operations for productivity improvement remains a difficult task for most construction companies due to the manual effort required in most activity measurement methods. This paper proposed and described the elements, processes, and algorithms that comprise a computational and intelligent construction video interpretation method. A number of vision-based construction object recognition and tracking methods were evaluated to provide guidance for algorithm selection. A prototype system was developed to integrate the proposed video analysis processes and selected computer vision algorithms. Videos of construction operations were analyzed to validate the proposed method. Comparing to the traditional manual construction video analysis method, the proposed method provided a semi-automated video interpretation method. The new method enabled the interpretation of these videos into productivity information, such as working processes, cycle times, and delays, with an accuracy that was comparable to manual analysis, without the limitations of on-site human observation.     

The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction

Construction projects often suffer from poor performance in terms of time delays, cost overruns and quality defects. The causes of poor performance have often been analysed. However, few studies have addressed the influence of supply chain relationships on project performance in construction. To fill in this gap, a questionnaire survey is carried out in the UK construction industry to explore the specific characteristics of supply chain relationships in construction and to assess their impact on project performance. In this study, a supply chain relationship is described by key indicators in ten areas: mutual objectives, gain and pain sharing, trust, no-blame culture, joint working, communication, problem solving, risk allocation, performance measurement, and continuous improvement. The analysis reveals that the deterioration of the relationship between project parties may increase the likelihood of poor performance. Poor performance can be effectively reduced by improving some aspects of the relationship. The adoption of supply chain collaboration and partnering helps to solve the performance problems, in which a long-term collaboration is more favourable for performance improvement than a short-term collaboration. In addition to the questionnaire survey, a series of industrial experts are interviewed to provide a deeper insight into the effect of relationship management on project performance.     

Incorporating project specific criteria and client utility into the evaluation of construction tenderers

A conceptual model for selecting construction contractors which utilizes the multi-attribute analysis technique has been developed. Project specific discriminating criteria included in the model are identified, along with respective weightings to mirror their importance in the selection process.     

Enhancing knowledge exchange through web map-based knowledge management system in construction: Lessons learned in Taiwan

Knowledge management involves creating, securing, coordinating, combining, retrieving and distributing knowledge. Knowledge can be reused and shared among engineers and experts to enhance construction processes and decrease the time and cost of solving problems. This study presents a novel and practical method to capture and represent construction project knowledge by using network knowledge maps. Network Knowledge Maps (NKM) gives users an overview of available and missing knowledge in core project areas, enabling tacit and explicit knowledge to be managed appropriately. This study addresses application of knowledge management in the construction phase of construction projects, and presents a construction Map-based Knowledge Management (MBKM) concept and system for contractors. The MBKM system is then utilized in selected case studies involving a High-Tech factory building enterprise in Taiwan to verify the proposed methodology and indicate the effectiveness of sharing knowledge, particularly in the construction phase. Knowledge can be captured and managed to benefit future projects by effectively utilizing information and web technologies during the construction phase of a project. The results of this study demonstrate that an MBKM-like system can be applied effectively in knowledge management systems in the construction industry by using map-based knowledge management and web technology.     

基于博弈分析的工程担保额度的探讨

工程担保制度是建筑市场完善的保障之一,本文主要对实行工程担保和不实行工程担保两种情况下业主和承包商的履约情况,以及担保金额对履约情况的影响分别进行博弈分析,说明工程担保额度对履约情况的重要性。     

An input-output analysis of the construction sector in emerging markets

Construction is a major industry in fast growing countries and plays a leading role in the process of economic development. Using input-output tables, the performance of the construction sector in six emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa) is compared from 1995 to 2005. First, the construction performance in these developing economies, by using standard indicators based on value added, gross output, final demand and intermediate inputs, is investigated. Then, the similarity cosine index is introduced to assess structural change and differences in input expenditures between countries. This index is a useful tool for identifying input bundles that require a probing international comparison of construction performance.