硬段组成对脂肪族水性聚氨酯性能的影响

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)为主要原料合成了水性聚氨酯乳液,并通过FT-IR、DSC、粒径分析表征手段,研究了硬段组成中HDI和IPDI的相对含量对乳液及成膜性能的影响。结果表明:随着HDI含量的增加,乳液粒径变大,粒径分布变窄,乳胶粒子的ξ电位变小,乳液稳定性变差,HDI含量的增加促使了软硬两相的结晶;HDI规整的线型结构提高了聚氨酯胶膜的柔韧性,随着HDI含量的增加,断裂伸长率增大,拉伸强度降低,吸水率降低,但在HDI含量过高时,增加了软硬两相的相容性,吸水率出现微弱的上升。     

亲水基团的含量和固含量对聚氨酯乳液的影响

通过嵌段聚合引入亲水基因COOH制得自乳化聚氨酯乳液。就亲水基因的含量和固含量对乳液的影响进行探讨。结果表明，亲水基团愈多，乳液粒径愈小，粘度愈大，成膜物吸水率愈高；当ωCOOH约为0．99％时，浸泡一周时失重率最小。因含量愈高，乳液粒径愈大，乳液愈不稳定，随着固含量增大，粘度先增大后减小。当ωCOOH为1．05％，固含量≤30％时，乳液稳定性好，贮存期大于一年。     

亲水单体对聚氨酯丙烯酸复合乳液性能的影响

采用种子乳液聚合法,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二元醇(N210)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主要原料合成了聚氨酯丙烯酸(PUA)复合乳液。考察了DMPA对PUA乳液的制备和性能的影响;确定了DMPA的添加工艺及中和度。发现随DMPA添加量增加,PUA乳液的外观变好,乳液粒径变小,乳液黏度增大,乳液凝胶量降低,稳定性变好。随DMPA添加量增大,PUA乳液涂膜的吸水率增大,涂膜的耐水性越差。综合得到w(DMPA)=7 5%,采用后添加DMPA的工艺,且DMPA的中和度90%～100%,可得到性能优异的PUA复合乳液。     

可生物降解阳离子型水性聚氨酯乳液的合成

采用自合成的端羟基聚乳酸（PLAOH）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）等原料合成了阳离子型可生物降解的水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了MDEA的含量对乳液性能的影响。结果表明，随着MDEA的含量增加，乳液平均粒径变小，稳定性增加，黏度也明显增大；另外，随着MDEA用量的增加，水性聚氨酯的可生物降解性能呈增大趋势。     

氨基硅油微乳液改性水性聚氨酯的合成和性能

合成了水性聚氨酯乳液和氨基硅油(AEAPS)微乳液改性水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了两种水性聚氨酯的性能及在织物上的涂层效果。结果表明,当氨基硅油相对于聚丙二醇的质量百分比为8.18%时,有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液的离心稳定性好,乳液胶膜表面硅原子的质量分数为0.92%;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯软段相与硬段相的微观相分离增大,乳液胶膜的耐水性能和热稳定性提高;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液作为织物涂层剂时,可以赋予织物柔软、滑爽的风格。     

UV固化聚氨酯／丙烯酸酯乳液的合成工艺研究

采用逐步聚合方法,合成了可UV固化聚氨酯／丙烯酸酯（WPUA）乳液。探讨了制备工艺、加水分散方式、亲水扩链剂含量、中和剂及中和度等对WPUA乳液及漆膜性能的影响。结果表明,分步加料法制得的乳液粒径小、粘度高、稳定性高;随着加水速率的逐步加快,乳液外观由白色向淡蓝色逐渐转变,乳液稳定性逐步提高;乳液中亲水性扩链剂含量增加,乳液粒径减小而粘度增大;氢氧化钠、氨水和叔胺中和的乳液稳定性依次提高;三乙醇胺用作中和剂,当中和度超过100％时,乳液粘度迅速增大。     

丙烯酸酯含量对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

采用无皂种子乳液聚合法,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等为主要原料合成丙烯酸酯-水性聚氨酯复合乳液,考察了丙烯酸酯含量对水性聚氨酯乳液粒径、运动黏度、胶膜的耐水性和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着丙烯酸酯含量的增加,复合乳液的粒径增大,运动黏度减小,胶膜的耐水性和拉伸强度提高,但胶膜的断裂伸长率有所降低,适宜的丙烯酸酯用量为40%～50%。     

脂肪烃侧链对磺酸盐改性水性聚氨酯性能的影响

采用聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇、2,2-双(羟甲基)丙酸、2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙磺酸钠为主要原料，分别以单硬脂酸甘油酯(MG)和单月桂酸甘油酯(GML)引入脂肪烃侧链，合成了2个系列的水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU)。通过粒径分析、表面张力、红外光谱分析、T型剥离强度、剪切强度、拉拔强度、接触角、吸水率等测试，探讨了不同脂肪烃侧链2个系列样品中MG及GML的用量对乳液及胶膜性能的影响。结果表明，随着MG和GML用量的增加，WPU乳液的粒径先增大后降低，WPU胶膜表面张力逐渐增大，T型剥离强度、剪切强度和拉拔强度先增大后降低，疏水性和耐水性变得优异，玻璃化转变温度(T_g)向高温移动。研究发现，相同添加量下，引入MG的WPU的粒径较小，疏水性和耐水性较好，引入GML的WPU的粘附性能较优，两者可以用作水性油墨连接料，在油墨行业具有广阔的应用前景。     

水性聚氨酯乳液的粒径影响研究

采用预聚体法,以聚酯多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)制备了聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液。考察了NCO/OH比、亲水扩链剂DMPA用量、中和度、乙二胺用量对水性聚氨酯乳液粒径的影响。结果表明,随着NCO/OH比的增大,乳液粒径增大;随着DMPA用量和中和度的增加,乳液的粒径减小;随着乙二胺用量的增大,乳液的粒径先减小后增大。     

二乙醇胺开环环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯的合成及性能研究

采用二乙醇胺(DEOA)开环环氧树脂E-44制得端羟基环氧树脂(E-OH),用E-OH合成一系列羟基环氧改性水性聚氨酯(EWPU)乳液,并研究了E-OH添加量对EWPU乳液的粒径及涂膜性能的影响。核磁氢谱(1H NMR)测定了E-OH的结构和开环率,傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)确定了水性聚氨酯(EWPU)的结构,激光粒度仪测定了EWPU乳液粒径,热重(TG)测定了EWPU的耐热性能。结果表明:随着E-OH添加量增大,EWPU预聚体黏度增大,乳液粒径增大,乳液稳定性下降。另外,随着E-OH添加量增大,EWPU胶膜吸水率、溶胀度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均出现先增加后降低的特点。EWPU胶膜力学强度最高可以达到26.69 MPa,断裂伸长率最高可以达到428.35%。综合分析实验数据得到E-OH在EWPU体系的最佳加入量为2.5%~3.5%。     

Role of operating conditions in determining droplet size and viscosity of tackifier emulsions formed via phase inversion

Water‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives are formulated by combining a polymer latex with a tackifier emulsion. The latter is an oil‐in‐water emulsion made by the process of phase inversion. The phase inversion itself is carried out in a stirred tank fitted with a heating jacket by progressively adding water to a water‐in‐oil emulsion. The point of onset of phase inversion and the characteristics of the emulsion that is formed depend on process conditions; these include temperature, rate of water addition, and agitation speed. The role of these operating conditions is elucidated here. Increasing temperature delayed the onset of phase inversion slightly, but it did not affect emulsion particle size, provided it remained below a critical value. Agitation speed had to be increased upon increasing the water flow rate to prevent increasing the particle size. Finally, the point of onset of phase inversion could be predicted reasonably well using a model available in the literature. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 96–106, 2011     

破乳剂浓度对聚合物驱原油乳状液破乳及界面性质影响

研究了嵌段聚醚型破乳剂对孤岛原油乳状液破乳和油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明,对于三嵌段聚醚类破乳剂来说,破乳剂浓度在0~100 mg/L时,随着破乳剂浓度的增加,孤岛原油所形成的乳状液分水率增加,乳状液稳定性降低,破乳剂浓度继续增加,原油乳状液的分水率有所降低。而原油与含聚合物的水溶液间的界面张力随破乳剂浓度增加逐渐降低,界面剪切粘度有一最小值。界面张力及界面剪切粘度降低是乳状液稳定性降低与分水率增加的主要原因。     

粘度对表面活性剂液膜溶胀的影响

从实验和理论两方面探讨了粘度对液膜夹带溶胀及渗透溶胀的影响.当乳状液粘度超过50mPa·s时,夹带溶胀随乳状液粘度的增加而降低.膜相粘度的增加会导致渗透溶胀的减少.并提出了各粘度区估算溶胀率的数学模型,且模型值和实验数据吻合良好.     

水性油墨用室温自交联纯丙乳液的合成及应用

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸异辛酯(2-EHA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为聚合单体,己二酰肼(ADH)为交联剂,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法合成软核硬壳结构的水性纯丙乳液。利用ATR-FTIR、TEM、GPC、TG、DMA表征水性纯丙乳液的结构和性能。结果表明:乳液成膜过程中DAAM中的—CO—与ADH中的—NHNH_2发生反应,交联度增加,提高了乳液膜的耐水性、热稳定性、玻璃化转变温度和油墨在双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜上的附着力。当DAAM用量(以MMA和2-EHA的总质量为基准,下同)从0增加到2%,m(ADH)∶m(DAAM)=0.7∶1.0时,乳液膜的吸水率从24.2%降到7.6%,油墨的附着力从87%升至100%;当m(ADH)∶m(DAAM)从0∶1增加到0.7∶1.0,DAAM用量为2%时,乳液膜的吸水率从28.1%降至7.6%,油墨的附着力从0增至100%。当DAAM用量为2%,m(ADH)∶m(DAAM)为0.7∶1.0时,水性纯丙乳液可用作环保型水性油墨的连接料。     

纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成和性能

以过硫酸铵 NH3.H2O为引发体系,通过静电作用成功制成纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。与全丙乳液的性能相比,复合乳液的耐水性、耐热性、耐钙离子性,力学性能都有不同程度的提高,如吸水性下降30.96%,断裂伸长率提高83.3%;紫外线照射500h后,全丙胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降22.34%和26.67%,而复合乳液仅拉伸强度下降5.54%,断裂伸长率并未下降;仪器分析证明复合乳液中存在纳米级别的二氧化硅。     

聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的原位合成与表征

采用原位合成法制备了聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液,通过FTIR,TEM,激光力度分析仪及耐水性分析讨论了R（n（NCO）：n（OH））,亲水性扩链剂含量、稀释剂用量以及乳化剂含量对PUA复合乳液及涂膜性能的影响。研究结果表明。R太大或太小都会导致乳液外观和稳定性变差,粒径增大,吸水率提高;DMPA含量增加有利于乳液稳定性提高,粒径也会减小。但是对涂膜的吸水性增加;稀释剂的加入可以改善乳液分散性,提高乳液稳定性;而乳化剂用量增加时,复合乳液粒径减小,粒径分布变窄,耐水性变差。     

三乙胺用量对水性聚氨酯树脂性能的影响

以TDI、N2 1 0、DMPA为基本原料 ,三乙胺作中和剂 ,用丙酮法合成了水性聚氨酯乳胶 (WPU)。探讨三乙胺用量 (中和度 )对水性聚氨酯乳胶 (WPU)性能的影响。发现 :三乙胺用量增加 ,乳胶粒径减小 ,粘度增大 ,有利于乳胶稳定 ;乳胶膜的Tgs向低温移动 ,胶膜吸水率增大 ,抗张强度增大 ,断裂伸长度缩小。     

Effect of mixing protocol on formation of fine emulsions

Emulsions are usually stabilised with a mixture of surfactants with different hydrophilicity. The initial partitioning of surfactants between the dispersed phase and continuous phase, and how these phases are brought into contact, can significantly affect the emulsification processes. Dynamic-phase behaviour maps were prepared to allow for a systematic investigation of the effects of emulsification routes on emulsion properties. Six semibatch modes of additions with constant surfactant concentration across the routes were selected. For a target cyclohexane-in-water emulsion using a pair of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether surfactants with a specified HLB and water volume fraction, fine droplets could form only if water dissolving the water-soluble surfactant was added to the oil dissolving the oil-soluble surfactant. This route allowed the transitional inversion to occur and as a result fine droplets were formed due to an ultra-low interfacial tension. The addition of water dissolving the water-soluble surfactant to oil dissolving the oil-soluble surfactant, direct emulsification method, produced by far large droplets because of a rather high interfacial tension. In a series of experiment, the semibatch direct and phase-inversion emulsification method, were assimilated in situ. The impeller location was used as a variable that controls which phase is added as the dispersed phase. The location of impeller in relation to the interface did not affect the emulsion drop size at a high agitation rate, but it did at a low agitation rate. Under low agitation speed and when the impeller was placed in the oil phase, the oil layer progressively, but slowly, dragged the water phase and eventually inverted to an oil-in-water emulsion, indicating that transitional-phase inversion has locally occurred in the oil layer. At a high agitation speed the mechanical energy provided by the impeller homogenised the emulsion instantaneously and did not allow the optimum formulation and the associated ultra-low interfacial tension to be reached regardless of location of the impeller. A high impeller speed increased drop size by transforming the transition inversion mechanism to a catastrophic mechanism under which the size of drops is mainly determined by the mechanical energy provided. This paper aims to show how some of the complexities involved in emulsification processes can be explained by consulting with dynamic-phase maps.     

石蜡/水相变乳液的制备与性能

低温石蜡/水相变乳液作为一种潜热蓄冷流体,具有储能密度高、可泵送的特点,可取代水作为传热介质应用于集中供冷系统中,降低二次循环水泵的运行能耗。基于集中供冷系统的应用要求,选择不同的组分制备相变乳液,包括石蜡、表面活性剂以及晶核剂,并研究其组分含量对乳液分散相粒径分布、热力学性能与流变性能的影响,最终确定相变乳液的制备方法与性能参数。采用所述方法制备的相变乳液具有良好的稳定性,其储能容量为水的2～6倍,且过冷度不高于2 K。     

表面活性剂液膜萃取过程的乳液溶胀(Ⅰ)——载体对乳液溶胀的影响

研究了载体对乳液溶胀的影响。发现膜相中存在载体时使界面张力降低,说明载体能吸附于界面。表面活性剂和载体在界面的竞争吸附是影响乳液溶胀的关键因素。本研究表明,液膜的夹带溶胀随膜相中载体浓度的增大而减小,而渗透溶胀则随之而加剧。提出了估算溶胀率的修正方程,用修正方程对膜相存在载体时的乳液夹带溶胀率进行了估算,计算值与实验数据吻合良好。