应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)抗拉性能试验研究

采用当地普通工程材料配制出不同配合比应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC),利用外夹式单轴拉伸试验对不同龄期的哑铃型试件进行抗拉性能试验研究,获得了各试件的应力-应变曲线及裂缝开展情况。试验结果表明:各配合比SHCC在单轴拉伸荷载作用下,均可出现显著的应变硬化和多微缝开裂特征,其中A和C配合比系列的极限拉应变超过0.03。试验采用普通河砂制备出抗拉性能优越且稳定的SHCC,改变了采用石英砂制备此类材料的现状,降低了工程造价,为SHCC在工程实际中的推广应用奠定了理论基础。     

优化设计水泥基复合材料应变硬化性能研究

对比研究了不同试验方法和纤维掺量下优化设计水泥基复合材料(ECC)的应变硬化性能。各种试验方法下ECC性能差别较大,楔形劈裂、单轴拉伸、三点弯曲、四点弯曲试验所得断裂能依次增大,说明裂缝开展区对ECC应变硬化性能具有很大影响。通过研究认为,四点弯曲试验是较为适合的试验方法。纤维掺量增加能提高ECC的断裂能,但掺量较高时易发生纤维结团现象,对其性能造成不利影响。     

应变硬化水泥基复合材料收缩性能的试验研究

湿度变化引起的收缩开裂在工程裂缝中占很大比重,而裂缝是混凝土结构性能退化和使用寿命缩短的主要原因之一。高模量聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维的添加可以增强水泥基材料的韧性,使其呈现准应变硬化和多微缝开裂特性,从而显著改善结构的耐久性。自由收缩试验结果表明,应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)14d龄期能完成80%以上的总收缩,但纤维掺量对自由收缩的影响不显著。限制收缩试验表明,纤维掺量为1.5%的SHCC裂缝控制率可以达到90%以上,同时最大裂缝宽度控制在40μm左右,成为工程上认为的无害裂缝。因此,SHCC作为修复材料或新建结构的永久性模板,可带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。圆环试验给出了基于耐久性能优化设计SHCC材料的一种实用方法。     

应变硬化水泥基材料组合结构的力学性能研究

水泥基材料自身的低强、高脆性是引起开裂的主要原因,裂缝的形成和开展也加速了混凝土结构耐久性的劣化.在水泥基材料中引入高强高弹的聚乙烯醇纤维能够显著改善脆性,使其具有准应变硬化和多缝开裂特性.通过四点弯曲试验,研究养护条件(标养、水养)、基体的厚度和龄期对应变硬化水泥基材料组合结构的力学性能的影响.结果表明,标准养护优于水养,基体养护24h后浇筑砂浆有利于界面粘结和整体结构性能的发展,且20mm SHCC-砂浆组合试件的准应变硬化和多缝开展更显著,结构延性大幅度提高.此外,采用组合结构形式有利于应变硬化水泥基材料的推广应用.     

纤维优化对纤维水泥基复合材料应变硬化性能的影响

介绍了纤维增强水泥基复合材料(FRCC)取得应变硬化行为的微观力学模型,在该模型指导下,综述与分析了纤维类型、强度、长度、直径、体积掺量及纤维表面处理等因素变化对FRCC应变硬化能力的影响。研究成果表明,纤维优化能够稳定取得应变硬化行为或得到更大的应变硬化能力。     

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的弯曲性能预测

基于混凝土断裂力学与细观力学理论,同时考虑钢纤维(SF)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)混杂纤维对应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)弯曲性能的影响,提出了一种适用于SF/PVA纤维混杂SHCC(SF-PVA/SHCC)弯曲性能的预测方法.开展了SF-PVA/SHCC弯曲性能试验,分析了纤维种类和掺量对SHCC抗弯强度、极限弯曲挠度及弯曲荷载挠度曲线的影响.结果表明所提出的弯曲性能计算方法可以较好地预测SF-PVA/SHCC的抗弯强度和极限弯曲挠度.     

掺硅烷后应变硬化水泥基复合材料的吸水性能

应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)是近年发展起来的一种新型材料,材料中加入的PVA增强纤维可以约束裂缝的发展,具有很好的抗裂能力.通过毛细吸水试验,研究了SHCC试件成型面和底面的毛细吸水量及其吸水系数,以及内掺硅烷乳液和硅烷粉末后SHCC材料的吸水性能.结果表明,SHCC试件内掺硅烷乳液和硅烷粉末后能够一定程度上抑制水分向SHCC材料中的侵入,硅烷乳液的防水效果优于硅烷粉末.     

防水处理对应变硬化水泥基复合材料孔结构的影响

水泥基复合材料的抗渗性、耐久性乃至强度等与材料的孔结构密切相关。聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)增强的水泥基复合材料(SHCC)具有应变硬化和多微裂缝扩展特征,材料具有高抗拉强度、韧性和耗能性,但纤维的添加引入了更多的界面与微裂隙。防水处理技术可以提高此类材料的抗渗性。通过压汞试验研究了硅烷防水剂对PVA-SHCC微观结构的影响,结果表明:最大骨料粒径为1.18 mm时,其总孔隙率约为0.3 mm时的50%,内掺型有机硅类防水剂具有使孔结构细化的作用,其平均孔径和最可几孔径下降为未添加防水剂时的二分之一左右,减少了水泥石中的较大孔隙,改善了水泥浆体孔结构、阻止外界气体、水分、离子向水泥基材料内部的渗透,对于提高SHCC抗渗性非常有效。     

生态型工程水泥基复合材料的制备与性能研究

ECC选用磨细石英砂的最大粒径不超过110μm，极大地制约了它在实际工程中的推广应用．采用多重复合技术并利用矿山尾砂制备出生态型工程水泥基复合材料——ECO-ECC．ECO-ECC同样具有应变硬化和多缝开裂的特性，其极限拉应变值可达2％以上，薄板四点受弯时试件最大裂缝宽度仅为0．06mm，平均裂缝间距为1．43mm，主要性能指标优异．对ECO-ECC的原材料优选原则和制备工艺进行了研究与介绍，制备的ECO-ECC可实现自流平．同时系统分析研究了ECO-ECC耐久性能．ECO-ECC其优越的性能使得其可用于混凝土板面层的维修、桥梁的连接板、框架结构的节点等，具有广泛的应用前景．     

PVA纤维增强应变硬化水泥基材料韧性性能研究

水泥基材料抗拉强度低、韧性差是其易于开裂、导致结构耐久性低劣的主要原因之一。高模量聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维可增强水泥基材料韧性,使其呈现准应变硬化和多缝开裂特征,从而改善结构耐久性。本文通过四点弯曲试验得出了不同加载速率和不同配比应变硬化水泥基复合材料(PVA-SHCC)的力-变形曲线并用CONSOFT软件计算断裂能。结果表明,硅灰使材料的抗压强度有所提高,但最大抗弯承载力和变形下降,断裂能随之降低;甲基纤维素使PVA-SHCC脆性增大;随着加载速率的降低,材料表现出更好的应变硬化性能,微裂缝条数增多。     

应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)弯曲韧性研究

砂浆、混凝土等水泥基复合材料易于开裂、耐久性低劣的主要原因是其抗拉强度低、韧性差。高模量聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维的添加可以增强水泥基材料的韧性，使其呈现准应变硬化和多微缝开裂特性，从而显著改善结构的耐久性。通过四点弯曲试验研究了PVA纤维体积掺量分别为0、0.75%、1.5%的抗折强度，按照ASTM方法确定了SHCC的弯曲韧度指数，通过JCI方法得到了SHCC的弯曲韧性系数。结果表明，最大抗弯承载力和最大挠度均随纤维掺量的增加而增加。结果可由纤维增强材料的应变硬化特性来解释。同时，与数值模拟结果的比较也证实了上述结论。     

Effect of natural pozzolan content on the properties of engineered cementitious composites as repair material

In order to determine the effect of Natural Pozzolan (NP) content on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) as repair material. This study focused on the evaluation of the most factors influencing compatibility between the repair material and the base concrete including mechanicals properties such as, compressive and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, capillary absorption and drying shrinkage. The experimental results showed that natural pozzolan reduces the compressive strength and the flexural strength of ECC at all ages. The elastic modulus of ECC was remarkably lower than that of normal-strength concrete. This lower Young’s modulus is desirable for repair concrete, because it prevents the stresses induced by restrained shrinkage. In addition, the incorporation of high-volume natural pozzolan decreases significantly the coefficient of capillary absorption at long term and increases the drying shrinkage. Generally, based on the results obtained in the present experimental investigation, ECC can be used effectively as an overlay material over existing parent concrete.     

Production of rice husk ash for use in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material

Rice husk ash (RHA), rich in silica content, can be produced from rice husk using appropriate combustion technique for use in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material. This paper discusses production process of RHA from rice husk and the quality of RHA produced using rudimentary furnace of the National University of Malaysia (UKM). Three combustion methods and two grinding methods were used to investigate physical characteristics and chemical aspects of RHA produced. Combustion temperature distribution of the furnace, ash particle size, silica crystallization phase and chemical content of the produced RHA were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the investigation, it was found that combustion period, chilling duration, and grinding process and duration are important in obtaining RHA of standard fineness and quality. In addition, air ducts in the furnace are very useful in order to supply air for proper burning of rice husk.     

Use of palm oil fuel ash as a supplementary cementitious material for producing high-strength concrete

The objective of this study is to investigate the use of ground palm oil fuel ash with high fineness (GPA) as a pozzolanic material to produce high-strength concrete. Samples were made by replacing Type I Portland cement with various proportions of GPA. Properties such as the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water permeability, and sulfate resistance, were then investigated. After aging for 28 days, the compressive strengths of these concrete samples were found to be in the range of 59.5–64.3 MPa. At 90-day the compressive strength of concrete containing GPA 20% was as high as 70 MPa. The drying shrinkage and water permeability were lower than those of high-strength concrete made from Type I Portland cement. When the concrete samples were immersed in a 10% MgSO₄ solution for 180 days, the sulfate resistance in terms of the expansion and loss of compressive strength was improved. The results indicated that GPA is a reactive pozzolanic material and can be used as a supplementary cementitious material for producing high-strength concrete.     

西北地区内陆盐土环境中混凝土耐久性研究

针对混凝土材料在西北地区内陆盐土环境中因耐久性不足而引发的工程事故等问题,根据近年来对西北地区具有典型代表性的甘肃省敦煌试验辖区混凝土工程耐久性研究所积累的经验和有关资料,对西北地区内陆盐土环境中混凝土材料腐蚀、碳化和碱-集料反应的主要原因进行了分析,并提出了具体的防治措施。     

Use of animal proteins as foaming agent in cementitious concrete composites manufactured with recycled PET aggregates

Manufacturing of lightweight building materials is identified as an alternative procedure for valorising reused materials. With intent to valorise two wastes of food industry at the same time, this paper describes an innovative use of animal protein as foaming agent while consumed plastic bottle wastes are introduced as light aggregates.Relative changes in properties of concrete composites due to introducing proteins are experimentally investigated here.The results presented show that the two wastes clearly improve the flowability of the mortar. Both mechanical properties and bulk density of the composites are affected too, but thermal conductivity is improved. In this way, the obtained composites would appear to be low-cost materials which would contribute to resolving some of the solid waste problems in addition to conserving energy.     

Incorporation superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles as controlling pre-existing flaws to improve the performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)

This paper concerns a new concept for introducing superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles as pre-existing flaws into matrix to improve tensile property, flexural property, drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). The experimental results show that all ECC mixtures exhibit excellent ductility, more than 1.5%. Incorporating SAP particles in ECC matrix can apparently improve tensile strain capacity and toughness of ECC specimens. Compared to control specimens, tensile capacity and deflection of ECC with SAP particles can increase 92% and 77%, respectively. Moreover, SAP particles have an apparent effect on ECC with 50% fly ash (FA) compared with ECC with 70% FA. Meanwhile, introducing SAP in matrix is effective in reducing drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of ECC specimens, due to water-entrained capacity of SAP particles. However, SAP particles can reduce compressive strength of 5-15% compared to control specimens. In addition, increasing FA content can also increase tensile capacity and decrease drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage of ECC specimens.     

为环境而设计(DfE)在室内装饰装修的研究应用

随着生活水平的不断提高,DfE与室内装饰装修已经成为一个交汇融合不可分隔的整体。在经过不断的反思、探索和发展后,绿色环保设计基于人类在工业进程中对生态破坏反思的基础上,又赋予了其新的内涵。本文介绍了DfE的基本理念,探讨了现今室内装饰装修带来的环境问题,提出将二者有效结合,从而为设计师、业主培养了一种健康环保的装饰装修新理念。     

高吸水性树脂应用于混凝土的研究现状

通过对高吸水性树脂的分类及其在混凝土中的作用机理介绍,配合大量的文献资料,阐述了高吸水性树脂应用于混凝土的研究现状。重点总结了掺入高吸水性树脂对混凝土工作性能、收缩性能、力学性能以及耐久性能的影响,并展望了在混凝土中掺加高吸水性树脂的应用前景。