均匀非磁化等离子体与雷达波的相互作用

采用平板几何金属衬底模型对雷达波在均匀等离子体中传播所发生的吸收、反射和衰减进行了数值分析研究,结果表明:等离子体对电磁波的吸收衰减取决于等离子体密度和碰撞频率的共同作用;通过适当选择等离子体密度和等离子体碰撞频率,可以使均匀等离子体对某一雷达波段的吸收达到90%以上,隐身效果显著。     

高频地波雷达多干扰的极化抑制

天波电台干扰是高频地波雷达所面临的主要干扰,虽然采用频率捷变技术可以躲避干扰,但是当短波电台十分密集时很难找到合适工作频段的,而且当存在与雷达回波同方向入射的干扰时,空间滤波技术也无能为力。利用极化技术可以较好地解决以下问题,但目前高频地波雷达中的极化滤波还只限于对单干扰的抑制,为了进一步拓宽雷达的工作频段,本文研究了多干扰的极化抑制问题,给出了一种在频域同时提取多干扰极化特征的方法,并根据这一方法构造了一种频域极化滤波器,使得频带互不重叠的多个干扰可以被有效滤除,而不受极化度的限制,从而克服了以往极化滤波器只能处理极化度较高的干扰的特点。理论和仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

电磁波在等离子体中的传播衰减

针对通信黑障的问题,文中从电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性出发,利用Matlab数值仿真,研究不同电磁波频段,不同等离子体参数,包括等离子频率、碰撞频率、等离子温度、压强等对电磁波传播衰减的影响,以及外加磁场作用下,不同极化的电磁波在等离子体层的传播衰减特性。研究结果表明:外加磁场可明显降低圆极化电磁波衰减,并且当外加磁场满足一定条件,大于最小磁场强度时,电磁波衰减小于10 dB;且同等条件下右旋极化比左旋极化电磁波的衰减更小,为了获得较小的电磁波衰减,右旋极化电磁波所需的磁场强度也小于左旋极化。     

太赫兹波在均匀磁化等离子体中的传播特性

研究了太赫兹波通过均匀磁化等离子体的传播特性,给出了太赫兹波衰减和相移随等离子体密度、碰撞频率、太赫兹波频率和磁感应强度的变化规律。等离子体电子密度越大,衰减和相移越大;随着碰撞频率的增大,电磁波的衰减先增加到峰值后逐渐减小,且随着磁感应强度的增加,衰减的峰值变大,峰值向碰撞频率减小的方向移动;当电子碰撞频率接近电磁波频率时等离子体对右旋极化波的衰减达到极大值。太赫兹波频率增大,衰减逐渐减小,而相移先增加后逐渐减小。     

Frequency Transformer: Appropriate and Different Models for a Building-up and Collapsing Magnetoplasma Medium

The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a time varying medium is governed by the property of conservation of the wavenumber. This property can be utilized to construct a frequency transformer. The time variation in the relative permittivity of the medium is easily produced in a magnetoplasma medium by altering the ionization level. The change of the ionization level can be produced by the dynamic control of the source of ionization. The switching-on action of the source produces a build-up plasma, whereas a switching-off action produces a decaying plasma. Simple mathematical models, however, for the two cases are different. In the case of building-up plasma, the model has to ensure the continuity of the current density and in the case of decaying plasma, the average drift velocity of the surviving electrons has to be continuous. Using these two appropriate models, the effect of the time variation of the plasma frequency as well as the background magnetic field of the magnetoplasma medium are studied. Switching off the external magnetic field for the wave in the magnetoplasma medium converts a whistler wave to a wiggler magnetic field. Similar results are obtained with an intensification of the source wave as well as frequency upshift of the whistler wave for the collapsing plasma medium. By controlling the static magnetic field parameters and the level of ionization, the frequency shift ratio can be changed and the frequency transformer becomes tunable. The principle of frequency up-shifting using plasma permits the generation of signals from easily obtainable frequency bands and upshifts them into frequency bands not easily obtainable by other methods.     

Spin transport properties in double quantum rings connected in series

A new model of metal/semiconductor/metal double-quantum-ring connected in series is proposed and the transport properties in this model are theoretically studied.The results imply that the transmission coefficient shows periodic variations with increasing semiconductor ring size.The effects of the magnetic field and Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the transmission coefficient for two kinds of spin state electrons are different.The number of the transmission coefficient peaks is related to the length ratio between the upper arm and the half circumference of the ring.In addition,the transmission coefficient shows oscillation behavior with enhanced external magnetic field,and the corresponding average value is related to the two leads’ relative position.     

Study on the properties of the two-dimensional curved surface metamaterial

Metamaterials become a breakthrough technology due to their potential applications. We numerically investigate the properties of the two-dimensional curved surface metamaterial in the microwave regime. Unlike one-dimensional planar metamaterial, some novel properties are stimulated in the designed two-dimensional curved surface metamaterial. The reflected wave is transformed into its orthogonal polarization wave in addition to the absorbing components for normal linearly polarized electromagnetic wave incidence. The polarization conversion ratio and absorption are discussed detailly under different oblique incident conditions both in transverse electric wave and transverse magnetic wave. The reflections are stable for transverse magnetic wave while changing obviously for transverse electric wave when the incident angle changes from 0° to 60°. The tendency of reflections is almost consistent when the polarization angle changes from 0° to 45° under normal incidence. We also discuss the influences of the geometric parameters on the properties of the two-dimensional curved surface metamaterial. The designed two-dimensional curved surface metamaterial can be a very potential candidate for the radar scattering section reduction and electromagnetic stealth.     

临近空间高超声速目标RCS模拟技术研究

针对雷达探测临近空间高超声速目标模拟试验中的雷达散射截面（radar cross section，RCS）逼真模拟问题，提出了一种适用于临近空间高超声速飞行器等离子体鞘套下目标RCS衰减模拟方法.首先利用不同高度、不同速度对应的等离子体频率和电子碰撞频率的相关数据，拟合得出不同速度、不同高度对应的等离子体频率和电子碰撞频率关系表；其次，实时查表得到给定雷达频率情况下不同目标高度与速度对应的等离子体频率和电子碰撞频率，建立目标等离子体包覆模型和电磁波传输模型，计算雷达电磁波的衰减系数和反射系数；最后，通过雷达电磁波的衰减系数和反射系数模拟出目标RCS衰减.通过与有关实测数据比对，证明了方法的合理性.仿真分析可知，利用高频率雷达探测临近空间高超声速飞行器将更容易得到连续的航迹，产生雷达"黑障"的时间更短.     

Theoretical analysis of gyrotron amplifier with undulated waveguide

In this paper the interaction between a relativistic electron beam moving in a static magnetic field and a travelling electromagnetic wave is analysed by using the kinetic power theorem. The concept of the electron bunching function is introduced to illustrate the bunching process of beam electrons as a whole. By numerical calculation, the energy exchange process between gyrating electrons and the travelling wave field is obtained in detail. The results of the calculation show that the imaginary part of the axial wave number does not stay constant along the interaction length and that the gain characteristic is non-linear. Based on this analytic method, the maximum output power and efficiency of the gyrotron amplifier with a uniform waveguide are calculated and are found to depend critically on the value of the static magnetic field and the operating frequency. A new type of gyrotron amplifier is suggested here. In this device the gyrating electrons interact with the travelling wave in an undulated waveguide. Its instantaneous bandwidth is somewhat broadened and the optimum value of applied magnetic field is not too critical.     

雷达网反隐身优化部署决策模型及算法研究

隐身目标的RCS在空域、频域及极化域等方面均呈现出不一致特性。利用隐身目标的低隐身效果的“空域窗口”优化多部雷达布站，是一项具有现实意义的课题。基于对隐身飞机RCS与雷达波入射角关系的具体分析，提出了雷达网消盲指数的概念和定量表达式，建立了一种小型雷达群的空域反隐身优化部署决策模型，并对具体的优化部署算法进行了研究。利用典型雷达装备进行的仿真试验验证了其有效性。     

气体等离子体产生太赫兹波的特性研究

基于光电流模型,对不同偏振情况的双色飞秒激光脉冲聚焦产生的气体等离子体中辐射出的太赫兹波特性进行了研究。根据光电流理论,气体分子被电离释放出的自由电子在非对称的激光场的作用下运动形成电子电流,产生在太赫兹波段的辐射。研究结果表明,太赫兹辐射的偏振特性与强度和入射双色激光的偏振特性紧密相关,仅当双色脉冲均为线偏振时,辐射出的太赫兹波才为线偏振,且强度受到双色脉冲偏振方向的夹角的影响;而对于实验中经过倍频晶体后变成椭圆偏振的基频光,太赫兹强度与倍频晶体的具体放置情况有很大关系,并且产生的太赫兹为椭圆偏振。     

Fondements mathématiques de la polarimétrie et son application au domaine du radar

In conventional radar systems, scientists have focused their efforts in the measurement of the amplitude, the frequency or the differential phase of the received wave versus the incident one, to improve the determination of the characteristic parameters of a radar target, such as the shape, the range or the relative doppler from the radar. Front the needs ceaselessly increasing to improve the performances of the systems, systems working in an environment which is more and more hostile (chaff, jamming, clutter, etc.), scientists have to deal with the vectorial aspect of the received wave by including the notion of polarization. The polarization state of the backscattered wave carriers informations, and completes datas that is possible to extract from the wave backscattered by the target. Searches in this field have given rise to a new theory in the radar domain : the polarimetry. This article describes the mathematical basis theory of the polarimetry for its application in radar domain.     

An E-J Collocated 3-D FDTD Model of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Magnetized Cold Plasma

A new three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical model is proposed herein to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in an anisotropic magnetized cold plasma medium. Plasma effects contributed by electrons, positive, and negative ions are considered in this model. The current density vectors are collocated at the positions of the electric field vectors, and the complete FDTD algorithm consists of three regular updating equations for the magnetic field intensity components, as well as 12 tightly coupled differential equations for updating the electric field components and current densities. This model has the capability to simulate wave behavior in magnetized cold plasma for an applied magnetic field with arbitrary direction and magnitude. We validate the FDTD algorithm by calculating Faraday rotation of a linearly polarized plane wave. Additional numerical examples of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma are also provided, all of which demonstrate very good agreement with plasma theory.      

双阻带红外频率选择表面的设计

为实现在中、远红外两个大气窗口的低透过率,设计了一种基于六边形环状结构的双屏红外频率选择表面（FSS）,利用CST电磁软件进行仿真分析,发现该FSS在3~5 m和8~14 m两个波段内的平均透过率低于2.5%,实现了红外波段的双阻带;采用表面电流模式分析法和有效介质理论分析了该FSS的滤波机理,发现不同谐振点处由于屏间耦合或屏内单元间的耦合在谐振单元表面感应出对称分布的电流从而使散射总场增强,形成增强型反射,即比较理想的红外光阻带;最后研究了电磁波的极化方式、入射角度、介质属性以及结构参数对FSS传输特性的影响。结果表明该FSS具有良好的偏振稳定性和角度稳定性,介质属性和结构参数对其传输特性有较大影响。     

弱纵向外电场对磁化等离子体中哨声波的影响

本文以等离子体动力论为基础讨论存在纵向外电场时磁化等离子体的哨声波。由于外电场的影响,等离子体偏离平衡态。取电子稳态分布函数为局域的麦克斯韦分布,用沿无扰轨道积分方法求出系统的介电张量,并分别用介电张量的厄米部份和反厄米部份分析哨声的色散关系和增长率。对于波矢在以电场方向为轴顶角为2c锥角范围内的哨声,外电场的作用使波增长;波矢在此锥角范围之外,外电场的作用使其衰减。波的增长率随频率增高而增大,随波矢倾角增大而减小。ee时,波矢与外电场平行对应的最大增长率与等离子体密度成正比,与磁场强度成反比。文中还给出了以电离层F层作背景参数的数值计算结果。     

Thermoelectric Properties of Polycrystalline Thin Films Under an External Magnetic Field

A theoretical model is proposed to predict the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity for a polycrystalline thermoelectric (TE) thin film under an external magnetic field. The model considers the distribution of electrons in the microstructure of TE thin-film materials, taking the scattering effect of electrons at the grain boundary as the boundary condition for electron transport in the grain. The transmission coefficient is introduced to describe the probability of electrons passing through the grain boundary potential barrier, while the relationships between the Seebeck coefficient, the electrical conductivity, and the transmission coefficient are studied. Furthermore, the results from the calculations of the Seebeck coefficient, the electric conductivity, and the power factor of TE materials under various applied magnetic fields, transmission coefficients, and grain sizes indicate that the applied external magnetic field has a very significant influence on the TE properties of polycrystalline thin films.     

Simulation of the High-Frequency Response of a Heterogeneous Ground through the Finite Difference Technique

To simulate the propagation of an electromagnetic plane wave in an inhomogeneous ground, the finite difference approach can be used. One of the main problems in using this method is imposing the boundary conditions near the ground surface, especially at high frequency. Indeed, for the E polarization, the upper top of the numerical grid must be sufficiently far away from the air-ground interface in order to neglect the field due to the heterogeneities and the discretization of the atmosphere is necessary. For magneto-telluric modeling, improved boundary conditions have already been proposed. This paper deals with a new condition, valid everywhere in air and which can be applied for E and H polarization. Thus even at high frequency, as for radar applications, only one line is added to the grid discretizing the ground.     

用于交通监测的机动车轮毂散射特性

提出了一种利用机动车轮毂正交极化散射实现交通流量监测方案,研究分析了机动车轮毂极化电磁散射特性,得出了优化参数。通过建立汽车和轮毂模型,仿真得到主模谐振频率为255 MHz,比较了入射波激励为线极化平面波时,汽车和轮毂主极化、正交极化雷达散射截面(RCS)的大小,并得到了单个轮毂正交极化雷达散射截面达到最大值时的入射角。仿真比较了入射波极化角度改变时,RCS 的空间分布特点。分析表明:轮毂目标VH 极化散射最显著;将雷达天线放置于与机动车轮毂中心相对地面同等高度处,可有效减小机动车框架对轮毂散射场的影响,研究结果对于构建经济有效的机动车交通管制系统具有实际意义。     

对角馈电的SIW单腔体双极化领结形缝隙天线

多极化天线能够有效利用电磁波的空间维度,使无线通信或雷达系统容量得到很大提高。从对角馈电的基片集成波导腔体的场分布出发,分析其传输模式。通过在腔体表面设置正交缝隙,可以实现两种相互垂直的极化方式。在分析正交矩形缝隙和领结形缝隙的尺寸对天线性能影响的基础上,获取了TE120模谐振频率的经验计算公式,从而设计了两种双极化天线并比较了两者的工作性能。测试和分析结果表明,双极化领结形缝隙天线具有更大的带宽和更小的缝隙尺寸,测试的工作带宽为200 MHz,天线增益为5.2 dBi,具有广阔的应用前景。