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2.
The integration of production and distribution decisions presents a challenging problem for manufacturers trying to optimize
their supply chain. At the planning level, the immediate goal is to coordinate production, inventory, and delivery to meet
customer demand so that the corresponding costs are minimized. Achieving this goal provides the foundations for streamlining
the logistics network and for integrating other operational and financial components of the system. In this paper, a model
is presented that includes a single production facility, a set of customers with time varying demand, a finite planning horizon,
and a fleet of vehicles for making the deliveries. Demand can be satisfied from either inventory held at the customer sites
or from daily product distribution. In the most restrictive case, a vehicle routing problem must be solved for each time period.
The decision to visit a customer on a particular day could be to restock inventory, meet that day’s demand or both. In a less
restrictive case, the routing component of the model is replaced with an allocation component only.
A procedure centering on reactive tabu search is developed for solving the full problem. After a solution is found, path relinking
is applied to improve the results. A novel feature of the methodology is the use of an allocation model in the form of a mixed
integer program to find good feasible solutions that serve as starting points for the tabu search. Lower bounds on the optimum
are obtained by solving a modified version of the allocation model. Computational testing on a set of 90 benchmark instances
with up to 200 customers and 20 time periods demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. In all cases, improvements ranging
from 10–20% were realized when compared to those obtained from an existing greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP).
This often came at a three- to five-fold increase in runtime, however. 相似文献
3.
The binary Si–Zn and Mn–Si systems have been critically evaluated based upon available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data, and optimized model parameters have been obtained giving the Gibbs energies of all phases as functions of temperature and composition. The liquid solution has been modeled with the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) to account for the short-range-ordering. The results have been combined with those of our previous optimizations of the Mg–Si, Mg–Zn and Mg–Mn systems to predict the phase diagrams of the Mg–Si–Zn and Mg–Mn–Si systems. The predictions have been compared with available data. 相似文献
5.
All available thermodynamic and phase diagram data of the binary Al–Bi and Al–Sb systems and ternary Mg–Al–Bi and Mg–Al–Sb systems were critically evaluated, and all reliable data were used simultaneously to obtain the best set of the model parameters for each ternary system. The Modified Quasichemical Model used for the liquid solution shows a high predictive capacity for the ternary systems. The ternary liquid miscibility gaps in the Mg–Al–Bi and Mg–Al–Sb systems resulting from the ordering behaviour of the liquid solutions can be well reproduced with one additional ternary parameter. Using the optimized model parameters, the experimentally unexplored portions of the Mg–Al–Bi and Mg–Al–Sb ternary phase diagrams were more reasonably predicted. All calculations were performed using the FactSage thermochemical software package. 相似文献
6.
《Displays》2017
Ce3+–Mn2+–Tb3+ cooperative barium–yttrium-orthosilicate phosphors composed of Ba9-3m/2-n-3p/2CemMnnTbpY2Si6O24 (m = 0.005–0.4, n = 0–0.5, p = 0–0.5) were prepared using a solid-state reaction. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the resultant phosphors were examined to index the peak positions. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra of the Ce3+–Mn2+–Tb3+ activated phosphors were clearly monitored. The dependence of the luminescent intensity of the Mn2+–Tb3+ co-doped Ba9-3m/2CemY2Si6O24 host lattices on Ce3+ content (m = 0.025, 0.1) was also investigated. Co-doping Mn2+ into the Ce3+–Tb3+ co-doped host structure enabled energy transfer from Ce3+ to Mn2+; this energy transfer mechanism is discussed. The phosphors of Ce3+–Mn2+–Tb3+ doped Ba9Y2Si6O24 host lattice were prepared for efficient white-light emission under NUV excitation. With these phosphors, the desired CIE values including white region of the emission spectra were achieved. 相似文献
7.
We consider the numerical integration of multivariate functions defined over the unit hypercube. Here, we especially address the high–dimensional case, where in general the curse of dimension is encountered. Due to the concentration of measure phenomenon, such functions can often be well approximated by sums of lower–dimensional terms. The problem, however, is to find a good expansion given little knowledge of the integrand itself. The dimension–adaptive quadrature method which is developed and presented in this paper aims to find such an expansion automatically. It is based on the sparse grid method which has been shown to give good results for low- and moderate–dimensional problems. The dimension–adaptive quadrature method tries to find important dimensions and adaptively refines in this respect guided by suitable error estimators. This leads to an approach which is based on generalized sparse grid index sets. We propose efficient data structures for the storage and traversal of the index sets and discuss an efficient implementation of the algorithm. The performance of the method is illustrated by several numerical examples from computational physics and finance where dimension reduction is obtained from the Brownian bridge discretization of the underlying stochastic process. 相似文献
9.
We consider charged transport within a porous medium, which at the pore scale can be described by the non-stationary Stokes–Nernst–Planck–Poisson (SNPP) system. We state three different homogenization results using the method of two-scale convergence. In addition to the averaged macroscopic equations, auxiliary cell problems are solved in order to provide closed-form expressions for effective coefficients. Our aim is to study numerically the convergence of the models for vanishing microstructure, i. e., the behavior for $\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$ ε → 0 , where $\varepsilon $ ε is the characteristic ratio between pore diameter and size of the porous medium. To this end, we propose a numerical scheme capable of solving the fully coupled microscopic SNPP system and also the corresponding averaged systems. The discretization is performed fully implicitly in time using mixed finite elements in two space dimensions. The averaged models are evaluated using simulation results and their approximation errors in terms of $\varepsilon $ ε are estimated numerically. 相似文献
10.
Márcio M. Cunha E. A. Fonseca M. G. M. Moreno Fernando Parisio 《Quantum Information Processing》2017,16(10):254
Channels composed by Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs are capable of teleporting arbitrary multipartite states. The question arises whether EPR channels are also optimal against imperfections. In particular, the teleportation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states (GHZ) requires three EPR states as the channel and full measurements in the Bell basis. We show that, by using two GHZ states as the channel, it is possible to transport any unknown three-qubit state of the form \(c_0|000\rangle +c_1|111\rangle \). The teleportation is made through measurements in the GHZ basis, and, to obtain deterministic results, in most of the investigated scenarios, four out of the eight elements of the basis need to be unambiguously distinguished. Most importantly, we show that when both systematic errors and noise are considered, the fidelity of the teleportation protocol is higher when a GHZ channel is used in comparison with that of a channel composed by EPR pairs. 相似文献
11.
《Calphad》2023
The Ti–Si–C and Ti–Si–N systems were thermodynamically reassessed by using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) approach. A more suitable Gibbs energies expression of Ti3SiC2 was obtained to fit better with heat capacity data in the Ti–Si–C system. The thermodynamic parameters of the Ti–Si–N system were adjusted based on the revised Ti–Si system. A self-consistent thermodynamic database of the quaternary Ti–Si–C–N system was established. The calculated thermodynamic data and phase diagrams agree well with the experimental data. The CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for TiSiCN coatings was simulated using the newly evaluated thermodynamic parameters of the Ti–Si–C–N system. A good agreement between the predicted coating composition and the experimental ones was achieved, verifying the reliability of the thermodynamic database obtained in the present work. 相似文献
12.
《Calphad》2003,27(3):325-334
In ternary systems, the liquidus surface is usually represented by a group of constant temperature contours projected onto a composition plane, i.e. the liquidus projection. The liquidus univariant lines indicate the conditions under which two solid phases coexist with the liquid phase. Those lines intersect at eutectics and peritectics. The univariant lines can also be projected onto a temperature vs. composition plane; this diagram allows easy identification of the lowest liquidus temperature on the system, covering the whole composition range of each component. This type of representation can also be used in quaternary and multicomponent systems, as a systematic tool to identify low melting point alloys as well as the solid phases involved at that temperature. This approach has been used in the present work to search low melting point alloys in the Fe–Cr–Mn–Mo–C system, using univariant line projections calculated with Thermo-Calc software and selected thermodynamic databases. The analysis covered the whole quinary system as well as the related binaries, ternaries and quaternaries. Some selected alloys of this system were prepared by mixing the elemental powders; the liquidus temperature was checked using calorimetric methods. The agreement between calculations and experiments is satisfactory. 相似文献
13.
The successful application of the real-coded differential evolution (DE) to a wide range of real-valued problems has motivated researchers to investigate its potentiality to integer and discrete valued problems. In most of such works, a real-valued solution is converted into a desired integer-valued solution by applying some posterior decoding mechanisms. Only a limited number of works are found, in which attempts are made for developing an actual integer-coded DE. In this article, such a DE is presented which can work directly with real, integer and discrete variables of a problem without any conversion. In the computational experiments carried out with a set of test problems taken from literature, the DE improved several previously known best solutions, as well as outperformed some similar proposals in most of the cases. 相似文献
14.
《Applied Soft Computing》2001,1(3):201-214
In this paper, several types of decomposed proportional–integral–derivative fuzzy logic controllers (PID FLCs) are tested and compared. An important feature of decomposed PID FLCs are their simple structures. In its simplest version, the decomposed PID FLC uses three one-input one-output inferences with three separate rule bases. Behaviours of proportional, integral and derivative PID FLC parts are defined with simple rules in proportional rule base, integral rule base and derivative rule base. The proposed decomposed PID FLC has been compared with several PID FLCs structures. All PID FLCs have been realised by the same hardware and software tools and have been applied as a real-time controller to a simple magnetic suspension system. 相似文献
15.
《Calphad》2019
Critical evaluation and optimization of the Fe–V–O ternary oxide system was carried out based on all the available phase equilibria and thermodynamic property data at 1 atm total pressure. The Fe3O4–FeV2O4 spinel solid solution was described within the framework of Compound Energy Formalism considering the cation distribution between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The wüstite phase, corundum phase, and VO2 solid solution were described using a simple random mixing model. The Modified Quasichemical Model was used to describe liquid oxide solution in consideration of all multivalence states of Fe and V (Fe2+, Fe3+, V2+, V3+, V4+ and V5+). The variation of phase equilibria depending on the oxygen partial pressures and thermodynamic data in the system were well reproduced in the present study. 相似文献
16.
This paper is concerned with the design of delta–sigma modulators via the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma. The shaped noise transfer function (NTF) is assumed to have infinite impulse response, and the optimization objective is minimizing the maximum magnitude of the NTF over the signal frequency band. By virtue of the GKYP lemma, the optimization of an NTF is converted into a minimization problem subject to quadratic matrix inequalities, and then an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve this alternative minimization problem. Each iteration of the algorithm contains linear matrix inequality constraints only and can be effectively solved by the existing numerical software packages. Moreover, specifications on the NTF zeros are also integrated in the design method. A design example demonstrates that the proposed design method has an advantage over the benchmark one in improving the signal-to-noise ratio. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Calphad》2021
Thermodynamic modeling of the Mn–P and Fe–Mn–P systems in the full composition was carried out using the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method based on the critical evaluation of all available phase equilibria and thermodynamic data. The liquid and solid solutions were described using the Modified Quasichemical Model and Compound Energy Formalism, respectively. The Gibbs energies of the binary stoichiometric iron and manganese phosphides were determined based on reliable experimental data. The ternary (Fe,Mn)3P, (Fe,Mn)2P and (Fe,Mn)P phosphides were modeled as solid solutions with mutual substitution between Fe and Mn atoms. The Gibbs energy of the liquid solution was predicted using the Toop interpolation technique with P as an asymmetric component, without any ternary parameters. The thermodynamic properties of P in the entire composition region and the liquidus of the ternary system were well reproduced. Based on the thermodynamic models with optimized parameters, unexplored phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the Fe–Mn–P system were predicted. 相似文献
19.
《Calphad》2023
A critical evaluation of all available phase diagram and thermodynamic data for the As–Co and As–Fe binary systems as well as the As–Fe–S ternary system has been performed and thermodynamic assessments over the whole composition ranges are presented using the CALPHAD method. To predict thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria for these systems, the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) for short range ordering was used for the liquid phases. The Compound Energy Formalism (CEF) was used for the solid solutions. Since Co and Fe are ferromagnetic, magnetic contributions were added to describe the Gibbs energy of cobalt and iron rich solid solutions. Important uncertainties remain for the liquidus of As-rich regions in the binary subsystems. 相似文献
20.
Published experimental thermodynamic and phase diagram data for the Ca–Zn, Sr–Zn, Y–Zn and Ce–Zn systems have been critically evaluated to provide assessed thermodynamic parameters for the different phases of the systems. The parameters allow all thermodynamic properties and phase boundaries for each system to be calculated within reasonable error limits. Because a strong compound-forming tendency and pronounced minimum in the enthalpy of mixing curve is observed for the liquid phase of all the systems, the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) in the pair approximation has been used throughout the assessment work to treat short-range ordering in the liquid. 相似文献