Localized algorithms for vlsi processor arrays

In this paper we analyze the algorithms expressed as a system of recurrence equations. The algorithms are called 2^?1 output algorithms if two output values of one function (variable identification) are specified by the system of recurrence equations for each index point in the algorithm. The algorithm is in free form if the indexes of these two values are not dependent. Two standard classes are determined by this criteria: the nearest neighbour and the all pair form. For example the sorting algorithm can be expressed in the all pair form i.e., the linear insertion algorithm or in the nearest neighbour form i.e., the bubble sort algorithm. However these algorithms are different in their nature. A procedure to eliminate the computational broadcast for the all pair 2^?1output algorithm has been proposed by the authors in [1]. The result obtained by implementing this procedure was a localized form of the algorithm and a system of uniform recurrence equations by eliminating the computational and data broadcast. So he data dependence method can be efficiently used for parallel implementations. The proposed procedure cannot be implemented directly on the nearest neighbour form algorithms. Here we show how the algorithm can be restructured into a form where the computational and data broadcast can be eliminated. These transformations result in localized algorithms. A few examples show how these algorithms can be implemented on processor arrays. For example, the Gentleman Kung triangular array [2] can be used for solving the QR decomposition algorithm for both forms of the algorithm. The implementations differ in the order of the data flow and the processor operation. We show that the implementation of the nearest neighbour algorithm is even better than the standard one.     

Algorithm transformations for the data broadcast elimination method

VLSI technology has had tremendous success in revolutionizing computer design with processor arrays. Local communication and interconnection is a constraint that dictates the design of processor arrays. The shared bus and global access to memory are now no longer used, since they lower the speed. Consequently, parallel algorithms must be designed according to these constraints.

One of the problems that must be resolved for the above mentioned constraints is data broadcast elimination. Algorithms must be transformed into a form that uses data propagation instead of data broadcast.

Here systems of affine recurrence equations are analyzed and data broadcast is denned in context of the definition of data dependence and affine recurrence equations. A method for data broadcast elimination is introduced in [1] and expands the system of affine recurrence equations into new recurrence equations, that define data propagation and eliminates the data dependences where data broadcast occurs.

Parallel algorithms are usually given as a set of similar tasks repetitively performed on different data. The iteration form of presenting the algorithms is most common. Several techniques are introduced to transform the algorithm to a single assignment form of recurrence equations.

Some improvements of these techniques are presented to make the application of the data broadcast elimination method easier and more straight forward. The presented techniques are classified as the transformation of iterative algorithms to a recurrence form, the transformation of recurrence form to a single assignment form, and fulfilling the index forms of the algorithms.

A system of affine recurrence equations with the data broadcast property is always obtained by applying these procedures. The method of data broadcast elimination successfully transforms this system of affine recurrence equations into a system of uniform recurrence equations which can be used for parallel implementation on VLSI processor arrays.     

基于QR分解的RLS算法及在扩频系统的应用研究

相对于扩频系统抑制窄带干扰的时域经典自适应滤波算法,基于QR分解的窄带干扰抑制方法是一种性能优良的新算法.研究了基于QR分解的RLS自适应滤波算法,考虑两种指数加权递归最小二乘(RLS)估计的算法--QR-RLS算法和逆QR-RLS算法,对扩频通信系统进行窄带干扰抑制.通过定义新的数据矩阵,该算法求解出数据域正规方程中的系数矩阵和右侧向量,从而提高了计算效率.最后用Matlab仿真了自适应滤波过程,仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的计算性能以及收敛性能.     

Double pipelines and fast systolic designs on linear arrays

The fast systolic computation and double pipelines were designed to achieve implementations that use less processors to execute the algorithm in less time then the conventional systolic algorithms. H. T. Kung and C. S. Leiserson in [1-3] proposed systolic algorithms realized on a bidirectional linear array where two data streams flow in opposite directions. The data flow introduced for this solution requires data elements to appear in the data stream at each second time step, which is the only way to meet all the elements from the other data stream.

In [4, 5] the authors proposed a linear array where one data stream is double mapped while the elements from the other data stream flow in consecutive time moments. The procedure to obtain such a solution is called a fast systolic design. It was shown in [5] that double pipeline solutions are obtained by separating and grouping techniques in addition to this design.

Several more efficient systolic designs have been proposed for the matrix vector multiplication algorithm in [4, 5]. Here we implement these techniques on other linear array algorithms such as triangular linear system solver, string comparison, convolution, correlation, MA and AR filter.     

FOA-LM算法及其在语音信号稀疏分解中的应用

信号的稀疏表示在信号处理的许多方面有着重要的应用,但稀疏分解计算量十分巨大,难以产业化应用。粒子群优化（PSO）及果蝇优化（FOA）等智能算法具备前期收敛速度快,全局搜索能力强的优点,应用到语音信号的稀疏分解中,虽然大大提高了语音信号稀疏分解的速度,但是该类算法后期的收敛速度较低,稀疏分解速度仍然偏低。拉凡格氏（LM）算法具有收敛速度快,精度高的特点,但是LM算法依赖初值,这使它的应用受到了限制。结合智能算法FOA及LM算法的优点,采用FOA算法求出Gabor原子参数初值,利用这些初值进行LM迭代搜索最优原子。仿真结果表明,基于FOA优化算法和LM算法相结合的方法,具有收敛速度快,精度高的特点,有较高的实用价值。     

调速泵结构配置协调分解优化算法及实现

建立多级调速泵结构配置连续非线性规划和整数非线性规划二阶段模型.非线性整数规划子问题采用外逼近算法求解.针对连续非线性规划主问题,提出基于割角法的可行域协调分解优化算法,证明割角法陷阱问题并建立判断准则排除已知的陷阱区域,在此基础上构建系列松弛问题得到原优化问题渐进收紧的下界估计,并最终收敛到原优化问题全局最优解.三级调速泵结构配置实例验证了算法的有效性,并给出与其他算法的比较结果.     

Improving the efficiency of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms through decomposition: An application to water distribution network design

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely used in handling various water resource optimization problems in recent years. However, it is still challenging for EAs to identify near-optimal solutions for realistic problems within the available computational budgets. This paper introduces a novel multi-objective optimization method to improve the efficiency of a typically difficult water resource problem: water distribution network (WDN) design. In the proposed approach, a WDN is decomposed into different sub-networks using decomposition techniques. EAs optimize these sub-networks individually, generating Pareto fronts for each sub-network with great efficiency. A propagation method is proposed to evolve Pareto fronts of the sub-networks towards the Pareto front for the full network while eliminating the need to hydraulically simulate the intact network itself. Results from two complex realistic WDNs show that the proposed approach is able to find better fronts than conventional full-search algorithms (optimize the entire network without decomposition) with dramatically improved efficiency.     

基于决策树算法的客服终端冗余数据迭代消除方法

为了提高客服终端数据可利用性,降低冗余数据干扰程度,挖掘潜在客户,制定销售策略,研究一种基于决策树算法的客服终端冗余数据迭代消除方法。采用数据仓库法抽取并集成客服终端数据,对字符类数据进行去停用词和中文分词预处理,对数值类数据进行缺失值填补和离散值删除预处理。构建ID3决策树,分类客服终端数据,计算同一类数据的类间相似度,构建冗余数据判断规则,检测客服终端冗余数据,联合消除器消除冗余数据。实验结果表明：所研究方法应用后,可以消除客服终端冗余数据,空间缩减比更接近冗余率。     

人工鱼群与遗传混合算法在无人艇路径规划中的应用

为了使水环境监测无人艇在监测和采集水样时能有效躲避静态障碍物,且以最优或接近最优的路径行进,提出了一种变步长和变视野的自适应人工鱼群算法与改进遗传算法混合的策略,在人工鱼完成觅食、追尾、聚群等行为后,进行遗传算法的操作。通过指数函数型衰减函数使算法前期视野和步长很大,后期视野和步长很小,提高算法的运行效率和精确性;在基本遗传算法中加入精英选择策略和保护、淘汰算子,得到全局最优解。仿真结果表明,混合算法有效克服了单一算法容易局部收敛的缺点,收敛速度快,能有效得到最优路径,计算精度高。     

Analysis of the Kalman filter based estimation algorithm: an orthogonal decomposition approach

In this paper we shall provide new analysis on some fundamental properties of the Kalman filter based parameter estimation algorithms using an orthogonal decomposition approach based on the excited subspace. A theoretical analytical framework is established based on the decomposition of the covariance matrix, which appears to be very useful and effective in the analysis of a parameter estimation algorithm with the existence of an unexcited subspace. The sufficient and necessary condition for the boundedness of the covariance matrix in the Kalman filter is established. The idea of directional tracking is proposed to develop a new class of algorithms to overcome the windup problem. Based on the orthogonal decomposition approach two kinds of directional tracking algorithms are proposed. These algorithms utilize a time-varying covariance matrix and can keep stable even in the case of unsufficient and/or unbounded excitation.     

QR分解与GLS改进算法在压力传感器动态性能改善中的应用

将矩形矩阵的正交（QR）分解和改进的最小二乘（GLS）算法相结合,实现传感器的动态建模,运用零极点配置理论改善传感器动态性能。利用传感器动态校准实验数据,首先构造矩形数据矩阵并对矩阵进行正交分解确定传感器模型阶次,继而利用改进的最小二乘算法建立传感器的数学模型,而后运用零极点理论对模型零极点进行重新配置改善传感器的动态性能。实验结果表明：该方法简洁,建模精度高,能够较准确得到反映传感器动态特性的数学模型,且基于该方法的传感器动态性能改善效果明显。     

An algorithm to compute the Wedderburn decomposition of semisimple group algebras implemented in the GAP package wedderga

We present an algorithm to compute the Wedderburn decomposition of semisimple group algebras based on a computational approach of the Brauer–Witt theorem. The algorithm was implemented in the GAP package wedderga.     

改进的APRIORI算法在试卷系统数据挖掘中的应用

本文通过对数据挖掘技术的研究,采用关联规则法对学生答题数据进行分析,并在关联规则使用中采用改进型的Apriori算法进行运算,构建高频集,并对于高分学生和低分学生的试卷进行了加权处理,使得高频集中的试题在知识点和难度上的关联更加突出,便于在自动组卷时更科学地评价试卷.     

The computational complexity of approximating the minimal perturbation scaling to achieve instability in an interval matrix

An interval matrix can be represented in terms of a center matrix and a nonnegative error matrix, specifying maximum elementwise perturbations from the center matrix. A commonly proposed robust stability (regularity) characterization for an interval matrix with a stable (nonsingular) center matrix identifies the minimum scaling of this error matrix for which instability (singularity) is achieved. In this paper it is shown that approximating this minimum scaling is a MAX-SNP-hard problem. This implies that in the general case, unless the class of deterministic polynomial-time decision problems, P, equals the class of nondeterministic polynomial-time decision problems, NP, thought to be highly unlikely, this minimum scaling cannot be approximated with a ratio arbitrarily close to unity in polynomial time.This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-8857019.     

一种景物平面法向已知条件下的单应矩阵快速分解算法

针对机器人混合视觉伺服控制中的摄像机位姿估计问题,分析欧氏单应矩阵的基本性质,提出一种景物平面法向已知情况下的欧氏单应矩阵快速分解算法.仿真实验结果表明,所提出的算法实现简单,避免了矩阵奇异值分解运算和从多组分解结果中确定惟一解的过程,能够较好地满足视觉伺服控制系统的实时性要求.     

Extension of the SAEM algorithm to left-censored data in nonlinear mixed-effects model: Application to HIV dynamics model

The reduction of viral load is frequently used as a primary endpoint in HIV clinical trials. Nonlinear mixed-effects models are thus proposed to model this decrease of the viral load after initiation of treatment and to evaluate the intra- and inter-patient variability. However, left censoring due to quantification limits in the viral load measurement is an additional challenge in the analysis of longitudinal HIV data. An extension of the stochastic approximation expectation-maximization (SAEM) algorithm is proposed to estimate parameters of these models. This algorithm includes the simulation of the left-censored data in a right-truncated Gaussian distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed estimates are less biased than the usual naive methods of handling such data: omission of all censored data points, or imputation of half the quantification limit to the first point below the limit and omission of the following points. The viral load measurements obtained in the TRIANON-ANRS81 clinical trial are analyzed with this method and a significant difference is found between the two treatment groups of this trial.     

Gaussian mixture decomposition in the analysis of MALDI‐TOF spectra

The article presents a method of protein matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization‐time of flight (TOF) spectra analysis. The method performs peaks detection. Spectra are analysed with Gaussian mixture decomposition. The results obtained are used for peaks identification purposes. The concept of the method is that a single peak is represented by one Gaussian distribution. The expectation‐maximization algorithm and maximum likelihood rule are used for spectra processing. The analysis can be done for a set of spectra with use of the mean spectrum, or it may be performed for a single spectrum at a time. The number of mixture‐model components is estimated by the Bayesian information criterion. Before the main analysis, a few pre‐processing steps need to be done. Spectra should be subjected to calibration, normalization, denoising, baseline correction, etc. The aim of the work is to identify peptides in the analysed sample on the basis of the parameters of the mixture model and to find differences between spectra in the analysed set.     

Scalability analysis of a two level domain decomposition approach in space and time solving data assimilation models

We are concerned with the mapping on high performance hybrid architectures of a parallel software implementing a two level overlapping domain decomposition, that is, along space and time directions, of the four dimensional variational data assimilation model. The reference architecture belongs to the SCoPE (Sistema Cooperativo Per Elaborazioni scientifiche multidisciplinari) data center, located at University of Naples Federico II. We consider the initial boundary problem of the shallow water equation and analyse both strong and weak scaling. Keeping the efficiency always greater than $$ and about $$ in most cases, we experimentally find that the isoefficiency function grows a little more than linearly with respect to the number of processes. Results, obtained by using the parallel computing toolbox of MATLABR2013a, are in agreement with the algorithm's performance prevision based on the scale up factor, confirming the appropriate mapping of the algorithm on the hybrid architecture.     

不确定NNSB-OPTICS聚类算法在滑坡危险性预测中的研究与应用

针对滑坡危险性预测中降雨等不确定因素不能有效刻画及处理和现有的OPTICS-PLUS聚类算法需要设置密度阈值、时间复杂度高等问题进行了研究,为了提高滑坡危险性预测准确率,提出一种不确定NNSB-OPTICS聚类算法并应用于滑坡预测中。首先对OPTICS-PLUS算法扩张策略进行优化,避免了人工设置密度阈值,提高了算法效率;然后根据降雨量数据的分布特征,综合EW型距离公式和云模型理论,提出EC型距离公式,有效处理不确定数据降雨量;最后将不确定NNSB-OPTICS聚类算法应用于延安市宝塔区滑坡危险性预测中,建立滑坡危险性预测模型,滑坡预测精度达到89.7%。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效提高滑坡危险性预测精度,具有较高可行性。