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多泵并联给水系统作为核动力系统的主要子系统之一,其给水泵的切换运行规律对系统运行经济性以及系统运行特性至关重要。本研究利用系统仿真支撑软件APROS建立了多泵并联给水系统仿真模型,并依据额定设计值验证了模型的准确性。基于此,通过进行不同切换条件下的线性升、降负荷仿真,对给水泵切换运行规律和系统动态特性进行了研究。研究结果表明,针对本研究对象,其高负荷工况切换点选取为70%额定流量,低负荷工况切换点选取为30%额定流量时,既能获得良好的系统动态响应,还能保持给水泵运行经济性较高。此外,低负荷工况对给水泵切换引入的扰动更为敏感。低负荷工况下,若切换条件选取不当,则会导致降负荷过程中系统触发超压排放。 相似文献
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在厂外主辅电源切换时,为避免因一回路主循环泵(简称主泵)运行引起反应堆保护停堆或电机辅助绕组启动,对主泵惰转特性及转速控制进行分析,分别对快切和慢切工况下主泵的快速飞车启动和搜频飞车启动模式进行研究,给出了不同模式下主泵的最低转速预测模型,分析出了快切工况(断电1.5 s)下主泵最低转速为708.3 r/min,慢切工况(断电10 s)下最低转速为341.2 r/min。在主泵水台架上,用1.5 s和10 s断电试验来模拟厂外主辅电源快切和慢切工况,试验结果表明,快切工况下主泵最低转速为689r/min;慢切工况下主泵最低转速为346.7 r/min。最低转速预测值与试验值吻合较好,偏差小于3%。试验验证了主泵在主辅电源切换工况下的运行特性,可实现快切不导致反应堆保护停堆,慢切不导致辅助绕组启动,对反应堆安全运行具有指导意义。 相似文献
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当前蒸汽发生器(SG)液位控制系统手自动切换信号复制回路的设计中,液位控制器运算基准为切换时的汽水失配信号,主给水流量调节阀由手动模式切到自动模式后导致SG液位控制系统失去快速调节给水流量的前馈作用。针对该问题,结合阳江核电厂4号机组SG液位高高跳堆事件,提出了针对手自动切换操作方式和系统设计的2种优化方案。针对操作方式的优化,在主给水流量调节阀投自动前,手动平衡汽水流量;针对系统设计的优化,增加汽水失配判断环节和前馈自动补偿环节。通过SG液位扰动试验证明,所提出的优化方案能有效提高手自动切换后控制系统的调节速度、减小超调量,对核电机组安全运行水平提升有重要贡献。 相似文献
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应用金属材料、水和水蒸气、管道和加热器以及除氧器设备的相关数据建立数学控制模型,研究了核电站常规岛给水加热系统在机组甩负荷工况下的热力学参数变化.得出了核电站除氧器压力、给水温度以及给水泵的有效汽蚀余量随时间变化的曲线,提供了核电站除氧器的布置高度及瞬态工况下确保给水泵安全的控制措施依据.结果表明:改变控制参数,主要是凝结水流量和主蒸汽流量,不仅可以控制瞬态工况下给水泵的有效汽蚀余量,还有助于防止瞬态工况下淋水盘式除氧器由于压力下降速度过快而造成的损坏. 相似文献
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在900 MWe压水堆中,蒸汽发生器的给水是非常重要的,特别是在1根给水管线破口的情况下,给水泵必须通过另外2根未破损的给水管线向蒸汽发生器提供足够的流量.本工作对上述情况下未受影响的蒸汽发生器的给水流量进行了分析,并阐述了对其进行测量、计算及误差处理的主要原理和方法. 相似文献
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本文根据秦山320 MW机组反应堆热功率和主给水流量出现下降趋势,从热功率计算的原理出发,分析了热功率计算值的影响因子,通过热平衡试验和给水流量诊断试验分析了主给水流量在热平衡计算中对反应堆热功率准确度的直接影响。然后介绍了核电厂主给水流量测量的常规方法及文丘里流量计存在的不足,320 MW核电机组主给水流量低的原因可能是文丘里管的喉部出现冲蚀情况。随后提出了主给水流量低的相关应对措施,最后依据技术规格书要求条款讨论了反应堆热功率下降对于机组功率运行时的安全性的不利影响。 相似文献
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The RBMK-type nuclear power reactors, still operating in Russia, are graphite-moderated with vertical fuel channels, using low-enriched nuclear fuel. The main challenge, which leads to the overheating of the fuel assemblies, fuel channels and other core components in channel type nuclear reactors, is a misbalance between heat generation in core structures and heat sink, which can appear due to the loss of coolant accident. In this accidental case, the emergency core cooling system ensures the core cooling. In RBMK-type reactors this system consists of hydro-accumulators and a number of pumps, taking water from large water reservoirs. This equipment injects water into the fuel channels through the group distribution headers at high pressure. However, the direct supply of cold water from emergency core cooling system into fuel channels is possible only if check valves on group distribution headers are closed properly. If these check valves failed, the part of water would be lost through the break, the flow stagnation in channels could occur, which might lead to overheating of fuel assemblies in the fuel channels. This paper presents the results of deterministic safety analysis, performed using system thermal hydraulic code RELAP5. Using this code the reactor cooling system of RBMK-1500 was modelled and analyses of loss of coolant accidents with failure of few check valves in group distribution headers were performed. The results of the calculations are used for the development of symptom-based emergency operating procedures for RBMK-1500. The basic principles that describe the complex distribution of water flows in vertical forced circulation circuit with parallel fuel channels can be adjusted for the RBMK-1000 reactors, still operating in Russia. 相似文献
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320 MW压水堆一回路压力边界止回阀为核Ⅰ级关键设备,严密性要求非常高,直接关系到主系统的内泄漏率.焊接式止回阀维修后常采用密封面色印检查的方式,对其密封性能进行判断.如果管道内有存水或者湿热水汽,会影响到色印检查的准确度.针对在线止回阀密封性试验的特殊性,有的核电厂采用水压压降法试验设计过在线检测装置,但存在一些缺点和使用上的限制.文章采用低压气密封试验流量测定法,设计出可靠、便携的试验装置,对压力边界止回阀检修后密封性做出准确、定量的判断. 相似文献
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大型非能动压水堆核电厂在发生失水事故(LOCA)后的长期堆芯冷却阶段依靠重力向堆芯注入应急冷却水,其注射管线上设置的旋启式止回阀的阻力可随流量变化,管线的阻力可能将非预期地增加。根据旋启式止回阀阻力特性,为失水事故最佳估算系统分析程序添加相应的计算功能,对压力容器直接注射(DVI)管线双端断裂事故后长期堆芯冷却工况进行了计算分析。结果表明:安全注射管线上旋启式止回阀阻力变化对大型非能动压水堆核电厂LOCA后长期冷却的影响较小;在安全裕量不足的情况下,旋启式止回阀的阻力特性将影响到非能动注射管线的安全注射功能的执行。 相似文献
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停转后泵的阻力特性对自然循环流量影响明显。为研究低流量自然循环工况下离心泵的阻力特性,设计了实验台架,对离心泵的正向压降、反向压降和损失系数进行了测量,实验雷诺数为2.0×104~1.5×105。实验表明:相同雷诺数下,反向压降明显高于正向压降;雷诺数大于8×104时,损失系数基本保持不变,而低雷诺数下损失系数随雷诺数的降低有增大的趋势;基于实验得到了损失系数的经验关系式。采用CFD方法对离心泵的内部流场进行了模拟,计算表明:CFD方法能较好地预测损失系数,RNG k-ε模型与实验值的相对误差不超过10%;离心泵的压力损失主要集中在叶轮、导叶等结构的交界区域;正向与反向流动的流场分布存在显著区别;低雷诺数下局部流动更加不稳定。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(9):855-867
The reduction of manpower in operation and maintenance by simplification of the system are essential to improve the safety and the economy of future light water reactors. At the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), a concept of a simplified passive safety reactor system JPSR was developed for this purpose and in the concept minimization of developing work and conservation of scale-up capability in design were considered. The inherent matching nature of core heat generation and heat removal rate is introduced by the core with high reactivity coefficient for moderator density and low reactivity coefficient for fuel temperature (Doppler effect) and once-through steam generators (SGs). This nature makes the nuclear steam supply system physically-slave for the steam and energy conversion system by controlling feed water mass flow rate. The nature can be obtained by eliminating chemical shim and adopting in-vessel control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) units and a low power density core. In order to simplify the system, a large pressurizer, canned pumps, passive residual heat removal systems with air coolers as a final heat sink and passive coolant injection system are adopted and the functions of volume and boron concentration control and seal water supply are eliminated from the chemical and volume control system (CVCS). The emergency diesel generators and auxiliary component cooling system of “safety class” for transferring heat to sea water as a final heat sink in emergency are also eliminated. All of systems are built in the containment except for the air coolers of the passive residual heat removal system. The analysis of the system revealed that the primary coolant expansion in 100% load reduction in 60 s can be mitigated in the pressurizer without actuating the pressure relief valves and the pressure in 50% load change in 30 s does not exceed the maximum allowable pressure in accidental conditions in regardless of pressure regulation. 相似文献
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萃取法分离锂同位素有望替代汞齐法消除汞害,但需多级萃取才能获得高丰度同位素,采用离心萃取机替代萃取澄清槽形成萃取级联系统可提升分离效率。基于萃取法分离锂同位素、离心萃取分离原理和级联理论,借鉴气体离心级联分离同位素的方法,引入分流比概念,建立了离心萃取级联分离锂同位素单级、多级的数学模型和级联的平衡时间模型,对离心萃取级联分离锂同位素进行计算分析。离心萃取级联是一种类似全回流矩形级联形式,取料量对级联级数有着很大的影响,级联存在最大取料丰度限制,级联平衡时间受到目标丰度和离心萃取机级停留时间(处理能力)影响,采用多步法级联可有效减少平衡时间。该数学模型可指导工艺的设计,为下一步的产业化应用提供理论依据。 相似文献