共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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本文论述了船用核动力装置蒸汽发生器传热管断裂事故(SGTR)安全分析的重要性。并以陆奥号核动力商船为例,运用事件树分析技术,对SGTR事故进行了安全分析。得出了事故后可能导致堆芯熔化的事故序列,确定了堆芯熔化数学模型,并进行了定量化分析。最后根据对支配性事故序列和各题头事件重要度的分析,提出了降低SGTR事故导致堆芯熔化发生概率应采取的相应措施。 相似文献
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船用压水堆核动力装置双恒定运行方案静态特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
讨论了船用压水堆核动力装置的双恒定运行方案以及实现的技术手段 ,并通过反应堆热工安全准则的计算和蒸汽发生器传热实验 ,从稳态运行过程的角度探讨了船用核动力装置实现双恒定运行方案的可行性。 相似文献
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船用核动力装置专家系统技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以船用核动力装置为研究对象 ,建立了运行在仿真机上的全工况核动力装置运行仿真系统。利用智能专家控制理论 ,建立了能够管理整个装置运行的 ,能对典型运行故障进行检测与诊断的管理运行专家系统。此系统在出现故障时能及时调用知识库专家知识进行专家推理 ,分析核动力装置控制实际运行中典型故障产生的原因及解决方法、故障诊断处理具有实时性 ;利用神经网络理论 ,建立了神经网络故障检测与诊断专家系统 ,此系统将不断检测核动力装置各系统 ,并根据检测数据给出故障诊断结果。结果表明 ,在核动力装置三层智能控制结构下 ,利用神经网络故障检测与诊断专家系统对船舶核动力装置可能的运行故障进行险测与诊断 ,利用运行管理专家系统对核动力装置进行运行管理 ,提高了船用核动力装置的运行性能。所进行的专家系统研究对船用核动力装置的安全运行具有一定的指导意义 相似文献
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钍基熔盐反应堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor,TMSR)项目是中国科学院科技先导项目之一。基于10 MW热功率熔盐反应堆-固体燃料(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF)的设计,对TMSR的关键技术安全分析进行了初步研究。TMSR-SF与现有反应堆之间的差异对核安全审查提出挑战,TMSR-SF审查方法的研究将准备其安全审查的技术和要求。固态燃料熔盐实验堆安全分析关键技术初步研究包含4个方面:堆芯核设计关键安全限值、事故序列及验收准则、源项及其审评方法和验收准则、概率安全评价方法和始发事件。首先对其它类型反应堆的安全审查方法进行了研究,对其关键参数和重要规定做了概述,并借鉴了高温气体冷堆和钠冷却快堆的审评要求和方法;然后使用蒙特卡罗和其他方法、模型来计算TMSR-SF的关键参数。应用逻辑图方法讨论概率风险评价(Probabilistic Risk Assessment,PRA)方法和始发事件清单。在本研究中,计算了核心核设计安全限值,研究和讨论事故列表和分类,讨论了TMSR-SF的PRA框架和始发事件清单,该研究将支持TMSR-SF的安全审查和安全设计。 相似文献
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电站设计阶段具有多种不确定性、反复性和复杂性,概率安全分析(PSA)存在一些困难。为解决诸如设计的更改对PSA造成的影响、设计人员与PSA人员间的信息不一致等困难,设计了一种时间事件树。在一棵时间事件树中,除反映事故发展进程和逻辑关系外,与传统事件树相比,它还可明确反映安全系统、信号、人的动作等投入的时间点、持续工作的时间长度。这种事件树是设计人员与PSA人员间沟通的桥梁,使得两者的信息保持一致,从而更加有效地发挥PSA在电站设计阶段的作用。 相似文献
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《Packaging, Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material》2013,24(10-2):3-7
AbstractSeismic upgrades to safety systems at the Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos, NM, USA, are needed based on the latest facility safety analysis. The design basis accident of concern is a large scale seismically induced fire on the processing floor. Such an accident could involve large quantities of plutonium in dispersible forms stored in containers that cannot be counted on to prevent material release. As part of the effort to improve the safety posture of the facility in the near term, we developed a test method to evaluate the capability of storage containers to prevent release of their contents in the event of a seismically induced fire. To provide a defensible basis for testing to the Department of Energy (DOE) and Congressional oversight, we adopted standard test methods from consensus codes and standards. These tests included a time–temperature exposure up to 870°C and a 20 L kerosene open pool fire test. After the thermal tests, containers were dropped from a height of 4 ft onto a steel plate. We measured the amount of a non-toxic plutonium surrogate released following the drop tests to establish a conservative value of expected material release (referred to as damage ratio) in the event of the facility accident. The DOE approved thermal and impact test protocols we developed are used to demonstrate a quantitative value for material release from containers where the assumption of total material release results in unacceptably high accident consequences. 相似文献
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Deterministic Safety Analysis and Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) analyses are used to assess the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) safety. The conventional deterministic analysis is conservative. The best estimate plus uncertainty analysis (BEPU) is increasingly being used for deterministic calculation in NPPs. The PSA methodology integrates information about the postulated accident, plant design, operating practices, component reliability and human behavior. The deterministic and probabilistic methodologies are combined by analyzing the accident sequences within design basis in the event trees of a postulated initiating event (PIE) by BEPU. The peak clad temperature (PCT) distribution provides an insight into the confidence in safety margin for an initiating event. 相似文献
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The initiating event, which is the first step in the establishment of risk-based accident scenarios, was derived by master logic diagram (MLD) method based on the fault tree analysis (FTA), and then the risk-based accident scenarios were developed by the event tree analysis (ETA) through the derived initiating events. The main initiating events led to the arbitrary operational accident: the dropping of a drum and fire were derived from the MLD method. Consequently, based on two main initiating events, four heading events were derived, and then the 12 risk-based accident scenarios concerning the LILW management in the temporary storage facility were finally established by the ETA method. 相似文献
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为了结合确定论与概率论分析开展更加真实的核反应堆事故工况安全分析,提出了一种结合概率安全分析(PSA)和最佳估算加不确定性(BEPU)分析的方法,并以典型三环路压水堆冷管段双端断裂大破口失水事故(LBLOCA)的极限事故为对象,首先基于PSA开展了应急堆芯冷却系统的事故失效分析,而后结合BEPU分析评估了事件树中各事故序列的包壳峰值温度(PCT)分布及条件堆芯损坏概率(CCDP),最终确定了压水堆在该事故工况中的堆芯损坏频率(CDF)。分析结果表明,压水堆在冷管段双端断裂工况中应急堆芯冷却系统能够保证反应堆的安全,且一列低压安注系统足以排出堆芯余热及保证反应堆安全。 相似文献
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介绍了目前核电厂主给水系统隔离的几种设计方案,从事故进程和核电厂运行事件两个方面阐明了每种设计方案的优劣,得出了符合核安全原则的设计方案,这一分析对核电厂的设计和改造有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献