基于重投影的CT图像硬化伪影校正

在工业计算机断层成像(CT)技术中所用的X射线源通常是多能的,检测过程中只能获得多能投影数据,若直接重建图像则会出现硬化伪影,硬化伪影校正是提高重建图像质量的一重要步骤。本文采用重投影的方法来校正由于射线硬化导致重建图像出现的硬化伪影,通过硬化校正后的重建CT图像质量得到显著提高。     

大型工业CT中X射线硬化校正的一种方案

介绍了大型工业CT的一种多色X射线硬化校正方法。该方法利用一个标准函数将多色投影值转化为单色投影值。定义了一些参数来证明该方法适用于大型工业CT的硬化校正,并对参数进行了优化。通过模拟实验,这种校正方法在不需要先验知识,使用单色重建算法的前提下,仍能大大减小CT重建图像的硬化伪像。     

基于SART算法的CL硬化伪影校正方法研究

X射线薄板层析成像(CL)系统是一种针对板状构件的新型断层成像系统,该系统中存在射束硬化现象。本工作研究了一种基于SART算法的硬化伪影校正算法（SART-BHC算法）,通过对该算法的研究及对CL系统矩阵的计算,使该方法能应用于CL中。通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,利用蒙特卡罗方法获得CL投影的模拟数据,在实际CL中获得实验数据,然后利用SART-BHC与FPB算法对两种数据分别重建。结果表明,SART-BHC算法可应用于CL中,不需要任何先验知识,能很好地校正硬化伪影,并对层间混叠有抑制作用。     

HLCC法定量评价CBCT图像伪影

为解决CBCT图像评价标准不一问题,本文提出了一种基于HLCC的CBCT图像伪影定量评价方法。该方法通过CUDA模拟CBCT投影,然后用重排算法转换射束获得HLCC曲线,建立三个评价伪影严重程度的定量指标。实验结果表明:定量指标数值越小,表明图像伪影程度越轻,且带伪影的HLCC曲线的三个评价指标数值是不带伪影数值的4~846倍。图像伪影的主次关系可总结为:散射伪影射束硬化伪影几何伪影余晖伪影无伪影。该方法可在投影阶段客观判断图像伪影的严重程度,简单快捷。     

基于Wiener滤波的反投影图像重建算法

CT是一种先进的成像技术,投影重建图像为关键技术之一,目前CT图像重建算法多采用滤波反投影针对投影数据不足所产生伪影的问题,经分析伪影产生的原因后,提出了一种基于Wiener滤波与反投算法。算法利用Wiener滤波对传统的滤波反投影图像重建算法进行改影图像重建算法相结合的新图像重建算法,该克服重建图像伪影。通过对典型流型进行实验仿真,证明改进后的算法对重建图像的质量有明进,能较好地显改善。     

测量中的非线性对集装箱CT重建图像的影响

采用平板校正法,以减弱由于测量中非线性因素的影响使集装箱CT成像产生的伪影.在具体的实验过程中,通过对大尺寸样品投影数据的校正,明显减少了重建图像的伪影.因此,利用该方法可以改善由于测量中的非线性影响所产生的CT重建图像的伪影,从而提高重建图像的质量.     

测量中的非线性对集装箱CT重建图像的影响

采用平板校正法,以减弱由于测量中非线性因素的影响使集装箱CT成像产生的伪影。在具体的实验过程中,通过对大尺寸样品投影数据的校正,明显减少了重建图像的伪影。因此,利用该方法可以改善由于测量中的非线性影响所产生的CT重建图像的伪影．从而提高重建图像的质量。     

常用的几种插值方法在CT系统金属伪影校正中的性能比较

相比利用迭代重建算法校正金属伪影,对投影数据插值来校正金属伪影的算法有诸多优点(如计算快速、容易算法实现等),因此实际校正中多用插值方法.不同的插值方法对校正结果有很大的影响.对目前常用的线性插值、三次样条插值和多项式插值这几种插值方法作了简单介绍, 并利用这些方法分别对基于Sheep-Logan模型的仿真结果进行校正和对实际的CT扫描的结果进行校正, 对这些方法的校正效果作了比较和讨论.     

基于图像质量优化的锥束CT几何校正法

为了解决CBCT图像中因机械误差所导致的几何伪影的问题,提出一种基于图像质量优化的锥束CT几何校正方法。本方法通过引入CBCT图像几何伪影的评价指数,将评价指数作为衡量几何伪影严重程度的目标函数,通过迭代修正标定模体上标记点的坐标,进而达到校正几何参数和消除CBCT图像几何伪影的目的。仿真实验结果显示:CBCT系统的几何参数误差由19.07%降到2.21%,图像中的几何伪影明显减少;在真实实验数据中,该方法有效消除CBCT图像的几何伪影。本方法降低了标定模体加工误差对校正精度的影响,同时大幅度降标定模体的制作成本。     

全帧CCD探测器CT扫描数据读出与拖影校正研究

以光纤耦合全帧CCD方式制作的X射线探测器在实验室高精度X射线CT扫描中广泛应用。由于X射线的强穿透特性,全帧CCD探测器通常工作在无快门模式,图像拖影是该模式下必定存在的伪影。本文针对全帧CCD探测器CT扫描图像拖影校正进行研究,提出了非曝光行校正法校正投影图像拖影,避免了利用暗像元校正法校正投影图像拖影时可能会带来的条形伪影;针对动态曝光CT扫描,设计了基于辐射屏蔽的投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式,通过降低电荷转移时间有效抑制投影图像拖影的产生,提高探测器有效信号动态范围。实验结果表明：应用非曝光行校正法能有效校正投影图像拖影、提高投影图像质量;采用投影图像感兴趣区域快速读出模式可有效解决动态曝光CT扫描图像拖影校正难题。     

CT image correction for beam hardening using simulated projectiondata

A general beam-hardening correction technique is presented. Knowledge of the CT (computerized tomography) scanner X-ray spectrum is necessary. This postreconstruction method does not require the original projection data. Simulated projections through an uncorrected reconstructed image are used to correct for beam hardening. Errors in the mean linear attenuation coefficient are decreased from 30% to 5% with virtual elimination of the visual streaking artifact. The theoretical image improvement equals that of projection linearization postreconstruction methods using the original projection data. The correction is limited to cases where the material causing the beam hardening is contained within the reconstruction space     

Extraction algorithm of pulmonary fissures from thin-section CTimages based on linear feature detector method

Describes a new automatic extraction algorithm of the pulmonary major and minor fissures from three-dimensional (3-D) chest thin-section images of helical computed tomography (CT). These fissures are used for the analysis of pulmonary conformation and the diagnosis of lung cancer. This algorithm consists mainly of the correction and the emphasis of a 2-D linear shadow. The authors applied the proposed algorithm to 25 sets of CT examinations of 12 patients. The results showed that major and minor fissures can be extracted by the proposed algorithm, without reference to streak artifacts on axial CT images by the beam hardening effect, and the motion artifacts by the cardiac beat     

Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection based image reconstruction from truncated projections in helical cone-beam CT

In helical cone-beam computed tomography(CT), Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK) based image reconstruction algorithms are by far the most popular. However, artifacts are commonly met in the presence of lateral projection truncation. The reason is that the ramp filter is global. To restrain the truncation artifacts, an approximate reconstruction formula is proposed based on the Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection(DHB) framework. In the method, the first order derivative filter is followed by the Hilbert transform. Since the filtered projection values are almost zero by the first order derivative filter, the following Hilbert transform has little influence on the projection values, even though the projections are laterally truncated. The proposed method has two main advantages. First, it has comparable computational efficiency and image quality as well as the conventional helical FDK algorithm for non-truncated projections. The second advantage is that images can be reconstructed with acceptable quality and much lower computational cost in comparison to the Laplace operator based algorithm in cases with truncated projections. To point out the advantages of our method, simulations on the computer and real data experiments on our laboratory industrial cone-beam CT are conducted. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method is feasible for image reconstruction in the case of projection truncation.     

SPECT reconstruction of combined cone beam and parallel holecollimation with experimental data

Three methods for combining parallel and cone beam (P&CB) SPECT data using modified maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithms are presented. The first method applies both parallel and cone beam data sets to reconstruct a single intermediate image after each iteration using the ML-EM algorithm. The other two are iterative methods that combine the intermediate parallel beam and cone beam source estimates to enhance the uniformity of images. These two methods are ad hoc methods. These combined collimation methods are qualitatively evaluated using experimental data. Attenuation compensation is performed by including the effects of attenuation in the transition matrix as a multiplicative factor. The results indicate that the combined P&CB approaches suppress artifacts caused by truncated projections and corrects for th distortions of the CB-only images     

Incoherent-scatter computed tomography with monochromaticsynchrotron x ray: feasibility of multi-CT imaging system forsimultaneous measurement-of fluorescent and incoherent scatter x rays

We describe a new system of incoherent scatter computed tomography (ISCT) using monochromatic synchrotron X rays, and we discuss its potential to be used in in vivo imaging for medical use. The system operates on the basis of computed tomography (CT) of the first generation. The reconstruction method for ISCT uses the least squares method with singular value decomposition. The research was carried out at the BLNE-5A bending magnet beam line of the Tristan Accumulation Ring in KEK, Japan. An acrylic cylindrical phantom of 20-mm diameter containing a cross-shaped channel was imaged. The channel was filled with a diluted iodine solution with a concentration of 200 μgI/ml. Spectra obtained with the system's high purity germanium (HPGe) detector separated the incoherent X-ray line from the other notable peaks, i.e., the iK_α and K_β1 X-ray fluorescent lines and the coherent scattering peak. CT images were reconstructed from projections generated by integrating the counts In the energy window centering around the incoherent scattering peak and whose width was approximately 2 keV. The reconstruction routine employed an X-ray attenuation correction algorithm. The resulting image showed more homogeneity than one without the attenuation correction     

双正则化参数法超分辨率重建核磁共振图像

针对基于稀疏编码的超分辨率算法噪点、伪影较多的问题,提出一种双正则化参数核磁共振图像超分算法。该算法引入在线字典学习方法,以训练正则化参数λt分开训练生成精确的超完备字典对,并调整重建正则化参数λr,得到最佳的稀疏系数用于恢复目标高分图像。实验结果表明:改进算法比双字典学习超分法的目标图像峰值信噪比和结构相似性平均值分别提高了1.30 d B和0.023,有效地抑制了噪点和边缘伪影,较大幅度地提升了核磁共振图像的超分效果。     

放射源192Ir在箱包安全检查设备中的应用

在箱包安全检查设备中使用192Ir作为辐射源,与用X光作为辐射源相比,它具有穿透力强、成本低以及辐射稳定等优势;另对放射源192Ir射线在箱包安全检查设备中的能量硬化和散射影响进行了分析。该系统CT断层扫描图像的密度分辨率小于2%,为今后进一步进行自动物性判别研究提供了理论基础。