失效相关下齿轮传动系统的可靠性稳健优化设计

本文研究了不完全概率信息下齿轮传动系统多失效模式相关时的系统可靠性评估与优化设计问题。首先,建立了齿轮传动系统不同失效模式的可靠性模型;其次,采用基于三阶矩的鞍点逼近方法,实现了各失效模式的边缘失效概率估计,并建立了基于鞍点逼近的可靠性灵敏度模型;然后,考虑相关性对系统失效概率估计的影响,提出了基于Copula函数的系统可靠性评估方法;最后,讨论了齿轮传动系统的可靠性优化设计问题。经过数值算例验证可知,采用不同copula函数计算得到的失效概率有很大差异,其中Gaussian和Clayton Copula得到的结果与蒙特卡罗模拟结果基本一致。采用Clayton Copula进行了可靠性优化设计,所得结果可为齿轮传动系统的优化设计提供参考。     

齿轮传动动态运动精度可靠性分析

齿轮是机械产品中重要的基础元件,其运动精度直接影响整个装备的品质和可靠性。影响齿轮传动精度的因素包括齿轮的制造、装配误差和外部载荷,这些因素均具有随机性,因此,在不确定性设计理论下对齿轮传动运动精度进行可靠性分析与设计是提高齿轮运动精度的一种重要途径。为开展齿轮传动运动精度可靠性分析,首先,建立考虑传动误差激励、刚度激励和外部载荷等作用下的扭转振动模型,然后,在基于4阶龙格库塔法求解的基础上采用BP神经网络建立动力学系统的输入输出关系模型,并以该BP网络模型建立齿轮传动系统的运动精度可靠性模型,最后,采用1阶可靠性方法(FORM)对传动系统的运动精度可靠性进行分析。研究表明,制造与装配误差对传动系统的运动精度可靠性影响最大,设计制造时应予以充分考虑。     

基于加权线性响应面的结构可靠性估计的鞍点逼近方法

基于结构可靠性计算的鞍点逼近方法,提出一种新的求解非正态随机变量下结构可靠性的方法.在所提方法中,首先利用加权线性响应面法拟合得到极限状态函数的线性表达式,然后利用鞍点逼近方法近似其累积分布函数和概率密度函数,进而进行可靠性分析.文中给出适用于非正态随机变量下的权重选取方法,并给出加权线性响应面与鞍点逼近结合求解非正态变最情况下失效概率的基本步骤,最后利用算例验证所提方法的效率和可行性.     

鞍点逼近在多参数齿轮可靠性及灵敏度分析中的应用

将鞍点逼近理论与灵敏度分析方法相结合,讨论了基于齿根弯曲疲劳强度和齿面接触疲劳强度的多参数圆柱齿轮的可靠性及其灵敏度问题。在基本随机变量概率分布已知的前提下,首先利用鞍点逼近技术准确、迅速地获得圆柱齿轮功能函数的概率密度函数和分布函数,然后应用灵敏度分析方法,利用齿轮可靠度计算结果,得到了圆柱齿轮基本随机变量的灵敏度分析结果。     

球面四杆函数生成机构优化设计

为了提升连杆机构设计质量和机构运动性能,对球面四杆函数生成机构展开运动学分析,在考虑不确定因素影响下运用一次二阶矩法建立球面四杆函数生成机构运动精度可靠性模型,同时建立了以连杆机构函数输出运动误差的最大值、函数输出运动精度失效概率和函数输出误差均值与标准差平均值之和为目标函数的3种优化模型,并通过实例数值仿真对3种优化模型进行对比分析.     

车辆转向机构运动精度的可靠性稳健优化设计

在车辆转向机构设计中,考虑了可控因素和噪声因素对运动精度的影响,将可靠性优化和稳健设计方法相结合,以转向机构运动精度为目标函数建立转向机构的可靠性稳健优化数学模型.把运动精度的可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将可靠性稳健优化设计转化为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题.实例计算表明,考虑制造误差、运动副间隙等不确定因素的影响,可靠性稳健优化设计方法能有效保证转向机构的运动精度和可靠性.     

基于鞍点逼近的机械零部件可靠性及其灵敏度分析

将鞍点逼近理论与灵敏度分析方法相结合,讨论具有随机参数的机械零部件可靠性及其灵敏度问题。在基本随机参数概率分布已知的前提下,应用鞍点逼近技术获得了外载荷作用下随机结构响应的概率密度函数和分布函数。在实例计算中,对螺栓、汽车前轴进行数值分析,将所提方法得出的数值分析结果与Monte-Carlo方法计算的结果进行对比验证,得出由鞍点逼近技术计算概率密度函数和分布函数具有计算结果准确度高、计算速率较快、尾部分布较好的优点。应用灵敏度分析方法,利用鞍点逼近技术计算的随机结构响应的概率密度函数,得到机械零部件随机参数可靠性灵敏度的变化规律,研究设计参数的改变对螺栓、汽车前轴可靠性的影响,为机械零部件的可靠性设计提供理论依据。     

考虑运动副间隙的平面函数机构概率综合

运动副间隙是机构系统中最重要的一类不确定性因素,它对机构的运动精度、可靠性以及动力学性能有着重要影响,为此提出一种概率综合方法对含运动副间隙的机构进行运动学设计。首先应用截尾混合降维法对运动副间隙变量的统计相关性进行处理,以此为基础建立含运动副间隙的机构运动误差的概率模型并导出机构运动精度可靠性分析模型。然后在机构确定性综合模型中引入可靠性约束,并以机构运动失效概率最小为目标函数建立机构不确定性综合的数学模型。最后以平面四杆函数机构为例验证方法的有效性。     

基于鞍点逼近的机械零件可靠性Copula分析方法

应用鞍点逼近方法可以获得各失效模式功能函数的概率密度函数和分布函数。针对具有相关失效模式的机械零部件,使用鞍点逼近方法求得各功能函数的概率分布函数,利用各功能函数的概率分布函数值优化估计Copula待定参数,实现各功能函数间的联合概率分布函数的Copula建模,从而可以利用鞍点逼近方法和Copula函数实现机械零部件的可靠性分析。在实例计算中,与Monte Carlo法计算结果对比验证该理论方法的可行性,为具有相关失效模式的机械零部件可靠性分析提供新途径。     

基于固定方差展开的提升机主轴装置可靠性优化设计

针对概率信息不完备条件下提升机主轴装置的可靠性优化设计问题,提出了一种基于固定方差展开的提升机主轴装置可靠性优化设计方法,首先,通过将提升机主轴装置强度失效的可靠性功能函数进行方差展开,获得了可靠性功能函数的前三阶矩;其次,采用基于矩的鞍点逼近方法,计算得到了主轴装置的失效概率;最后,结合优化设计方法,建立了以可靠度为...     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.