面向五轴加工的等距双NURBS刀具路径同步插补方法

针对由离散刀位点数据生成的五轴加工等距非均匀有理B样条曲线刀具路径中两条非均匀有理B样条曲线参数不同步的问题,建立了一种等距双非均匀有理B样条曲线参数的同步模型,实现等距双非均匀有理B样条曲线刀具路径插补过程中两条非均匀有理B样条曲线参数的同步运动。将三轴非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法应用于五轴加工等距双非均匀有理B样条曲线刀具路径中的刀具中心点非均匀有理B样条曲线,根据参数同步模型将插补算法同步到刀轴点非均匀有理B样条曲线中。仿真表明,采用该算法能够使刀具始终沿着等距双非均匀有理B样条曲线刀路进行同步插补,参数同步插补精度主要集中在10-6 mm级数上,适用于复杂曲面的五轴加工。     

高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线插补控制研究

在复杂曲面数控加工中,经常应用非均匀有理B样条曲线。介绍了非均匀有理B样条曲线插补原理,分析了传统非均匀有理B样条曲线插补方法,即泰勒展开法,确认泰勒展开法在计算精度和时效性等方面存在不足。针对泰勒展开法存在的不足,提出采用割线法进行非均匀有理B样条曲线插补。介绍了割线法插补原理,分析了迭代运算初值及终止判定问题。通过对比确认,割线法求解时间短,精度较高,可以满足高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线的插补控制要求。     

三次均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法的研究

插补算法是机器人系统实现运动控制的核心模块,对三次均匀有理B样条曲线的插补算法进行了研究.基于三次非均匀有理B样条曲线(NURBS),得出三次均匀有理B样条曲线的表达式.反算B样务曲线的控制顶点中发现规律,采用一种简单快捷的方法求取控制顶点,这使插补算法计算简单,更易于计算机编程.并且在算法中考虑到运动控制加减速的问题,这使插补算法符合实际,实用性强.最后采用三次均匀有理B样条曲线对螺旋线进行插补,仿真结果良好.     

基于高阶非均匀有理 B 样条插补的多轴运动控制方法研究

针对传统多轴运动控制系统在作业中存在轨迹转折处不平顺、加速度和加加速度切换不平滑产生变速冲击以及轨迹不能进行局部修改的问题,提出了一种基于高阶非均匀有理 B 样条插补的多轴运动控制算法。首先,构建五次非均匀有理 B 样条插补算法,对样条曲线数据进行预处理,根据非均匀有理 B 样条曲线反算出控制点并生成控制多边形;其次,利用 MATLAB 构建多轴机械臂和高阶非均匀有理 B 样条插补算法模型,通过给定型值点进行轨迹规划仿真。仿真结果表明:基于高阶非均匀有理 B 样条的多轴运动控制插补方法相对于低阶非均匀有理 B 样条曲线轨迹更圆滑,末端更能高效平稳地到达给定目标点;速度、加速度和加加速度的过渡更加平滑减少机械磨损,从而提高了运动的平稳性;并且该方法还能够对运动轨迹进行局部修改,提升了多轴运动控制的作业质量。     

非均匀有理B样条曲线直接插补进给速度规划

在非均匀有理B样条直接插补算法中,为了提高插补实时性、克服前瞻规划算法的缺点,提出了基于进给速度预处理曲线的进给速度规划方法.该方法在插补前,通过建立进给速度预处理曲线来取代非均匀有理B样条曲线实时插补进给速度规划的前瞻算法.在速度规划过程中,为了防止进给加速度和加加速度超过机床性能要求,在曲线曲率变化较大的区域,采用基于逐点比较计算的方法规划每个参数点处的进给速度.通过MATLAB仿真表明所提方法具有较高的加工精度、良好的进给速度平滑效果和实时插补性能.     

自动调节进给速度的NURBS插补算法的研究与实现

现代计算机数控系统中已经普遍使用非均匀有理B样条插补,但大多数非均匀有理B样条插补算法都致力于取得恒定的进给速度而不是轮廓精度。对此,提出了一种限定弓高误差的自动调节进给速度的空间非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法,它在通常加工时,是泰勒展开式2阶近似插补,而在小曲率半径零件的高速加工时,可以根据曲率半径和限定的弓高误差自动地调整进给速度,保证了轮廓加工精度。加工实例证实了这种插补算法的实时性和实际应用的可行性。     

一种实时快速NURBS插补算法研究与实现

非均匀有理B样条刀具轨迹参数u与弧长S之间没有精确解析表达式,且是非线性映射现象,为了减少速度波动,减轻在线插补计算量,提出了基于双圆弧引导曲线的快速非均匀有理B样条插补算法.利用步长参数和高斯积分对刀具轨迹进行采样,采样点是基于参数u与弧长S的坐标点,利用双圆弧拟合方法对采样点拟合成插补引导曲线,建立参数u和弧长S解析表达式.在插补时依靠建立的双圆弧引导曲线进行快速的非均匀有理B样条插补.仿真实验结果表明了所提方法的u可靠性和有效性.     

基于ISO14649的NURBS曲线插补技术的研究

在分析曲线插补原理的基础上,用最新的国际标准来表达曲线。以非均匀有理B样条为工具,利用NURBS强大的造型功能表示组合曲线,提出一种基于STEP—NC的非均匀有理B样条曲线插补方法。最后引入误差的控制,通过限定误差的大小来自动调节插补步长的大小,从而调节插补的速度,以达到高速高精度组合曲面加工的目的。     

基STEP-NC的NURBS曲面插补技术的研究

为提高曲面的加工效率和精度,提出了一种基于STEP-NC的非均匀有理B样条曲面加工方法.基于STEP-NC的数控系统能够直接处理包括完整的非均匀有理B样条曲面几何信息和加工工艺信息的STEP-NC程序.详细讨论了非均匀有理B样条曲面插补算法的实现,并通过仿真试验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

NURBS曲线高速高精度插补及加减速控制方法研究

为满足非均匀有理B样条曲线高速高精度插补加工的需要,针对目前参数曲线插补加减速控制方法的不足,提出了一种新的控制方法.该方法考虑了高速高精度加工中容易超限的弓高误差和机床所能承受的法向加速度等因素,使进给速度既符合加减速的要求,又能随曲线曲率自适应调整,因而可在提高轮廓加工精度同时,显著地减小加工过程对机床的冲击.同时,采取了改进、简化算法,实现了快速、实时自适应的非均匀有理B样条曲线插补的加减速控制.实例表明,该方法在实时插补过程中,满足了速度和加减速的要求,保证了插补加工的高速与高精度,且实现了速度的平滑过渡.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.