月饼中菌落总数及大肠菌群的检测

该研究的目的是调查月饼的卫生质量,为月饼的质量安全控制奠定理论基础。本实验以广东、重庆及北京的十种不同的月饼为实验材料,根据国标方法GB4789.2-2003和GB4789.3-2003进行微生物计数,并分离纯化菌落进行形态观察,10种月饼样品的检测结果表明月饼中菌落总数及大肠菌群MPN值符合国家标准。     

红曲霉的分离和纯化研究

根据红曲霉菌的性质，用麦芽汁培养基将红腐乳中的红曲霉分离出来，并分别用麦芽汁琼脂培养基、大米培养基、黄豆芽培养基和发酵培养基进行纯化培养，结果以大米培养基纯化效果最好。培养结果表明，红曲霉是一种耐酸、耐热和耐乙醇的霉菌。纯化后的红曲霉在麦芽汁琼脂培养基上呈现圆形菌落，在32℃培养48h开始生长，菌落初期为白色，进而变为淡粉红色、红色，直至紫红色，但菌落四周为白色。培养12d后整个菌落呈紫红色。显微镜镜检观察，菌丝无横隔，多核，分枝甚繁，分生孢子着生在菌丝及其分枝的顶端，孢子单生或成链，闭囊壳为球形、有柄。     

小麦粉污染霉菌的分离鉴定及产黄曲霉毒素 能力的研究

目的对污染小麦粉中所含霉菌进行分离和菌株鉴定,并对所分离菌株的产黄曲霉毒素能力进行评价。方法使用马铃薯-葡萄糖琼脂培养基和麦汁琼脂培养基对小麦粉污染的霉菌进行分离和纯化,根据菌落形态、显微形态观察和ITS序列分析结果对分离菌株进行鉴定,采用PCR技术检测黄曲毒霉合成路径的关键基因来判断菌株的潜在产毒能力,最后用高效液相色谱法确认菌株是否产毒。结果共分离出5株菌株,分别鉴定为链格孢霉(NHF1)、橘灰青霉(NHF2)、黑曲霉(NHF3)和米曲霉(NHF4、NHF5),其中2株米曲霉具有潜在的产黄曲霉素的能力,在一定条件下会产生黄曲霉毒素。结论需要加强小麦粉微生物检测,尤其是霉菌污染的检测、管理和控制,全面制定小麦粉中污染微生物的限量标准,尤其是霉菌的限量值。     

导致酱油胀袋微生物的分离与鉴定

春、夏两季是酱油胀袋的高发时期,导致酱油胀袋的原因大多数是由微生物引起的。文中利用高糖培养基、营养琼脂培养、MRS培养基、马铃薯蔗糖培养基来分离产自浙江绍兴地区的已胀袋酱油中的微生物。结果仅用营养琼脂培养基从样品中分离、纯化出了7株细菌,编号:k1、k2、k3、k4、k5、k6、k7;没有在胀袋酱油中分离到酵母菌和霉菌。经产气实验证实只有k2菌株能在酱油中产气,根据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》对k2菌株的菌体和菌落形态特征、生理生化特征等进行系统分析,初步鉴定k2菌株为巨大芽孢杆菌。     

小曲中霉菌的分离纯化鉴定

小曲中的微生物主要有霉菌、酵母以及少量的细菌，在小曲上能看到的菌丝基本上都属于霉菌。以广东省九江酒厂有限公司提供的小曲为出发菌，采用土豆汁培养基进行纯培养，选取长有24个单菌落的平板进行分离纯化。制成纯培养菌。通过菌落特征、形态、制片标本和生理生化试验对纯培养菌进行鉴定。共分离出根霉菌株9株，经鉴定。其中根霉属4株。毛霉属1株，曲霉属3株。青霉属1株。(小雨)     

鲜切生菜致腐霉菌的分离鉴定

对引起鲜切生菜腐败的霉菌进行分离鉴定。通过形态学鉴定方法,从鲜切生菜中分离出46株霉菌,其中青霉菌属(Penicillium)28株,曲霉属(Aspergillus)13株,枝孢属(Cladosporium)3株,镰孢属(Fusarium)2株。根据不同属在不同培养基上的性状,通过在察氏琼脂培养基(CA)、察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基(CYA)、查氏酵母浸出液加蔗糖培养基(CY20S)、25%甘油硝酸盐琼脂培养基(G25N)和玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)等鉴定培养基上的特征及显微镜观察,将28株青霉菌属鉴定为三种:橘灰青霉(P.aurantiogriseum)、鲜绿青霉(P.viridicatum)、草酸青霉(P.oxalicum)。13株曲霉属鉴定为两种:泡盛曲霉(A.awamori)、蜂蜜曲霉(A.melleus)。枝孢属鉴定为一种:枝孢样枝孢霉(C.cladosporioides)。     

蚕茧霉变菌株的分离、纯化及鉴定

为鉴定蚕茧霉变菌株种类和防止霉菌危害的发生,从霉变蚕茧中分离纯化得到3株霉菌.采用点植法观察霉菌在察氏培养基上的生长特性、菌落形态及显微结构特征,结合ITS序列测定等分子生物学方法,对蚕茧霉变菌株进行鉴定.结果表明:3株霉菌分别属于曲霉属(Aspergillus),节孢霉属(Arthrinium),黑孢霉属(Nigro...     

玉米中霉菌的分离纯化及鉴定

从储藏玉米中分离纯化得到霉菌的单菌落,并对菌种进行鉴定。对玉米进行5次取样,分离到60个单菌落,其中曲霉属检出率最高,青霉属次之。采用点植法对霉菌在察氏培养基和高盐察氏培养基上的生长情况,包括菌落直径、质地、颜色、渗出物有无等进行记录,同时在光学显微镜下对菌体结构进行观察,参照菌落标准图谱,鉴定出5种霉菌,分别为黑曲霉、烟曲霉、产黄青霉、桔青霉和缓生青霉,为今后玉米储藏中的菌相研究提供参考。     

储藏稻谷优势霉菌的分离鉴定及特征分析

以湖南长沙和湖北襄阳仓储稻谷为对象,对稻谷储藏期间主要优势霉菌进行分离纯化,记录其在高盐察氏培养基上的菌落形态。通过蔡司显微镜分别拍摄了主要优势霉菌的显微结构特征,并通过主要优势霉菌的DNA提取和测序,在基因水平上对霉菌种类进行了鉴定。经鉴定,主要优势霉菌分别为:黄曲霉、黑曲霉、白曲霉、灰绿曲霉和产黄青霉。     

琼脂覆盖法防止菌落蔓延生长的可行性探究

以50批重庆市售月饼为样品,按照国家标准《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》(GB 4789.2—2016)进行菌落总数项目检测,采用琼脂覆盖法,即在凝固后的琼脂培养基表面覆盖一薄层平板计数琼脂培养基(约4 mL),从而实现抑制菌落蔓延生长情况的目的。结果表明,琼脂覆盖法能很大程度上改善菌落蔓延生长情况,蔓延菌落占比下降约22%,菌落计数更为准确,可见琼脂覆盖法是一种简便有效防止菌落蔓延生长的方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the