定制青少年家具的设计

定制家具是未来青少年家具的发展方向。通过分析青少年群体的特殊性和对家具的要求,提出了定制青少年家具造型、结构、工艺设计技术,为定制青少年家具的设计与研发提供参考。     

山东人的酒风

山东人素善饮，天下皆知。本人虽不是地道山东人，但到山东工作已近十年，在潜移默化中浪迹酒桌好几年，发现山东人其实论酒量比不上蒙古人，论饮酒的猛烈程度比不上东北人。但是，山东人酒桌上的风俗和礼节多，喝法也多。这些东西好坏搀杂，有些增进气氛，而有些则让人不喜欢，这里给各位说个一二。     

Effects of C N ratio and pH of raw materials on oil degradation efficiency in a compost fermentation process

Waste oil treatment was attempted using a compost fermentation process. To develop a simple method for waste oil treatment, cheap and simple materials were used as compost materials. The fermentation experiment was performed using a domestic composter to determine the optimum conditions of the fermentation. Adjustment of the pH value during the compost fermentation was also important for progression of the oil degradation. When the pH value was not controlled, the pH value decreased quickly and reached about 2 and the oil degradation was stopped. Adding caustic lime to the raw materials caused the pH value of the compost to stabilize at approximately 7. The addition of a nitrogen source had a large effect on oil degradation during the compost fermentation. The optimum value of the C N ratio of the raw materials with pH control was between 10 and 40. When the C N ratio of the materials was adjusted to 10, 20, and 40, the rate constants for oil degradation were very similar. The rate constants for NH4+ consumption were also similar. Oil degradation efficiency reached 83.5% relative to the initial oil content in the compost materials. Repeated batch operation of the compost fermentation was carried out and the compost system could maintain good efficiency for oil degradation over several repeated batch operations. Finally, the compost system was applied to the treatment of recalled mayonnaise, with favorable results being obtained.     

Transfer of Listeria innocua from contaminated compost and irrigation water to lettuce leaves

Many foodborne outbreaks of some pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella or Listeria have been associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables. Contaminated manure and polluted irrigation water are probable vehicles for the pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the potential transfer of Listeria innocua from soil fertilized with contaminated compost or irrigated with contaminated water to the edible parts of lettuce grown on these soils together with its survival in lettuce and in soil under field conditions during two different seasons. Moreover, its survival on lettuce sprinkled with contaminated irrigation water was evaluated. L. innocua survived in soil samples for 9 weeks at high concentrations, 10⁵ cfu gdw⁻¹ in fall and 10³ cfu gdw⁻¹ in spring. Pathogen survived better in fall, indicating an important influence of temperature and humidity. L. innocua population in lettuce leaves was very high on lettuce leaves after sprinkling, but decreased to undetectable levels at field conditions. There was also transfer of L. innocua from soil contaminated with compost or irrigated with contaminated water to lettuce leaves, mainly to the outer ones. Survival profiles of L. innocua on lettuce and soil samples contaminated either by application of contaminated compost or surface irrigation water was similar. Our results indicated that contaminated compost and contaminated irrigation water can play an important role in the presence of foodborne pathogens on vegetables.     

服饰刺绣与民俗情感语言表达

 民间服饰既是人们生活的实用必需品,又是传达民间艺术和制作者丰富内在情感的精神载体,刺绣技艺则是表现实用性和传达民间朴素情感的艺术媒介。首先,立足于衡量我国古代女性必修的"女红"——刺绣技艺,诠释了民间制作者通过刺绣技艺所展现的出于内心自尊和确立自身地位的求美表爱情结;其次,以我国民间一贯追求的"福、禄、寿、喜、财"吉祥主题为基础,总结和归纳出形态各异的刺绣图案所表达的祈富求名情结、祈福益寿情结、趋吉避凶情结、生殖崇拜情结。     

Phylloxera mortality and temperature profiles in compost

Temperature data were taken from top, mid and bottom sections of composting windrows to profile windrow temperatures and to assess phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifolii (Fitch) (Hemiptera:Phylloxeridae)) survival during turned windrow composting. Temperature profiles show that temperature in successive windrows can be affected by aspect, vary significantly from top to bottom and can be related to ambient temperature in the surface layer. Temperatures lethal to phylloxera (36–40°C) can be generated in much of the pile for suitably long periods. Variability and sub-lethal temperatures were evident in the bottom and outer surface areas and in pockets within the windrows. Any risk that phylloxera may survive in these areas would be negated by turning the windrow according to the Australian Standard for Composts, Mulches and Soil Conditioners (AS 4454).