LH-1型催化剂催化乙烯聚合的性能

评价了LH-1型催化剂催化乙烯均聚合,乙烯-丙烯、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚合的性能.与国内工业化生产的催化剂进行对比,研究了LH-1型催化剂的粒径分布、催化活性、氢调敏感性.结果表明:LH-1型催化剂的粒径分布均匀,细粉含量少,且具有较高的氢调敏感性;在聚合温度80℃、压力0.8 MPa、氢气分压0.2 MPa的乙烯淤浆聚合工艺下聚合2h,LH-1型催化剂的活性较高,达5.36×104 g/g,优于对比催化剂;用LH-1型催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯的堆密度较大,达0.350g/cm3,乙烯-丙烯、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚合性能好.     

乙烯气相聚合工艺参数优化及反应过程的数学模型建立北大核心

利用典型的限制几何构型催化剂催化乙烯与1-丁烯或1-己烯的共聚合,研究了聚合温度、共聚单体含量以及氢气用量对催化剂活性、聚乙烯熔体流动速率和密度的影响。结果表明:随着聚合温度升高,催化剂活性先升高后降低;聚合温度的提高、共聚单体含量及氢气用量的增加均会导致聚乙烯的熔体流动速率升高;随着共聚单体含量的增加,所制聚乙烯的密度逐渐降低。另外,建立了乙烯聚合过程的数学模型,并利用数学模型指导了乙烯聚合过程的研究和质量控制。     

乙烯气相聚合工艺参数优化及反应过程的数学模型建立

利用典型的限制几何构型催化剂催化乙烯与1-丁烯或1-己烯的共聚合,研究了聚合温度、共聚单体含量以及氢气用量对催化剂活性、聚乙烯熔体流动速率和密度的影响。结果表明:随着聚合温度升高,催化剂活性先升高后降低;聚合温度的提高、共聚单体含量及氢气用量的增加均会导致聚乙烯的熔体流动速率升高;随着共聚单体含量的增加,所制聚乙烯的密度逐渐降低。另外,建立了乙烯聚合过程的数学模型,并利用数学模型指导了乙烯聚合过程的研究和质量控制。     

聚乙烯气相制备工艺及其过程的数值方程表达

基于乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯的共聚合,研究了共聚单体与乙烯摩尔比、氢气与乙烯摩尔比、温度等对聚合物熔体流动速率、密度和催化剂活性的影响规律,并建立了聚乙烯制备过程的数值方程表达式。结果表明：共聚单体与乙烯摩尔比与聚合物的密度表现为负相关趋势,而与催化剂活性表现为正相关趋势,在共聚单体与乙烯摩尔比为0.08时,采用1-丁烯为共聚单体的催化剂活性为4 250 g/g,采用1-己烯为共聚单体的催化剂活性为4 780 g/g;氢气对熔体流动速率的影响最显著,可以作为熔体流动速率的有效调节控制因素,共聚单体与乙烯摩尔比则是调节聚合物密度的有效因素,该方程可以用于指导聚乙烯的制备过程控制。     

DQC602型催化剂在聚丙烯PPB-MM35-S开发中的应用

采用非对称外给电子体技术,在环管反应器中加入氢调敏感性好的外给电子体X用于生产丙烯均聚物,在气相反应器中加入共聚合性能较好的外给电子体Y用于生产乙丙橡胶相,在生产过程中不断优化工艺参数,调整两个环管反应器中氢气浓度和气相反应器中共聚聚丙烯中的乙烯含量,使用更适合生产抗冲共聚聚丙烯的DQC602型催化剂,成功开发出高熔体流动速率(MFR)、高抗冲击共聚聚丙烯PPB-MM35-S。采用直接加氢气的方法,PPB-MM35-S的MFR可达35.00 g/10 min。     

用于烯烃均聚和共聚的新型催化剂 VO(P204)2/Et3Al2Cl3

研究了VO(P204)2配合物与Et3Al2Cl3,组成的催化剂作用下的乙烯均聚和乙烯／丙烯共聚。VO(P204)2催化剂聚合乙烯的活性及其活性中心的寿命均高于VOCl3催化剂,并具有良好的氢调敏感性,既可使乙烯、丙烯进行无规共聚,又可使乙烯、丙烯和乙叉降冰片烯进行三元共聚。     

Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2/MAO和(Ind)_2ZrCl_2/MAO对乙烯/α-烯烃共聚合比较研究

用立体刚性的亚乙基桥二茚基二氯化锆(Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2)和非桥联的二茚基二氯化锆((Ind)_2ZrCl_2)为催化剂、甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,在相同共聚合条件下,乙烯与丙烯、1-丁烯、1-已烯和1-辛烯进行了比较试验,考察Et桥对乙烯/α-烯烃共聚合的作用。Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2催化剂的活性,除乙烯/1-已烯共聚合外,比(Ind)_2ZrCl_2催化剂的高。用有桥联的催化剂得到的各共聚物中共聚单体含量都比无桥联的催化剂合成的共聚物高,但前者共聚物的相对分子质量、密度和熔点都低于后者。在用Et桥的催化剂得到的共聚物中,α-烯烃的含量下降次序为丙烯>1-丁烯>1-辛烯>1-已烯。     

溶液法制备1-丁烯/丙烯共聚物研究

采用负载钛Ziegler-Natta催化剂通过溶液法合成1-丁烯和少量丙烯的共聚物;研究了共聚条件对产物结构的影响;通过DSC、FTIR、1H-NMR等进行表征并做了力学性能测试。结果表明:共聚活性高于1-丁烯均聚;丙烯的加入使聚1-丁烯的晶型Ⅱ受到破坏,但利于晶型Ⅰ的生成;随着丙烯加入量的增多,催化剂活性变大,共聚物的全同含量明显降低,玻璃化转变温度升高,结晶度减小,断裂伸长增加。随聚合温度的升高,共聚活性先升高后迅速降低,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度下降,全同含量和结晶度先增大后减小。     

HR催化剂制备高性能聚丙烯的研究

分别采用HR催化剂和进口催化剂在25 kg/h的环管中试装置上,制备了高光泽抗冲共聚聚丙烯与透明抗冲共聚聚丙烯,研究了产品的结构与性能。结果表明:HR催化剂的氢调敏感性更好,制备相同熔体流动速率高光泽抗冲共聚聚丙烯和透明抗冲共聚聚丙烯时加入的氢气量更少,提升了生产负荷,均聚聚丙烯等规指数更高,最终产品的相对分子质量分布更窄,产品性能也得到进一步改善。     

丙烯/1-丁烯聚合物合金的单体组成切换法制备：动力学及聚合器模型

采用球形负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂和单体组成周期性切换的丙丁淤浆共聚合技术,原位制备了聚丙烯/丙丁共聚物合金。将共聚动力学的矩模型与物料衡算相结合,首次建立了单体组成切换的共聚反应器模型。依据实验所得的丙烯实时消耗速率拟合得到模型参数,并模拟计算了不同单体组成切换频率下的聚合反应活性和聚合产物的组成。结果表明,模型能很好地描述各切换频率下丙烯的聚合速率曲线、催化聚合活性,以及合金中1-丁烯的总含量、丙丁无规共聚物的含量和“嵌段”共聚物的含量等。结果还显示,共聚过程中丙烯的脉冲进料有利于提高单体向活性中心的扩散,进而提高聚合速率和聚合活性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。