聚酰胺612的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热仪研究了聚酞胺612在不同降温速率下的非等温结晶行为,并用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和莫志深法对DSC测试数据进行了处理。结果表明,随降温速率的增加,其结晶峰从高温向低温方向移动,峰形变宽,结晶时间缩短,结晶加快。聚酚胺612的非等温结晶动力学能较好地符合莫志深法和Jeziomy法。采用Kissinger方程计算出聚酞胺612的非等温结晶活化能为293.0U/mol。     

HPVC结晶行为及结晶动力学的研究

对聚合度为4000的高聚合度聚氯乙烯(HPVC)的非等温结晶行为进行了研究。用DSC测试了HPVC的非等温结晶过程,采用Ozawa法和莫志深法对所得数据进行了分析。结果发现,HPVC结晶度随降温速率和退火时间的增加而增大。在实验范围内,物料的非等温结晶动力学符合莫志深方程,并给出了动力学参数F(T)和a值。     

管道防腐用高密度聚乙烯的非等温结晶行为

采用差示扫描量热法考察了管道防腐专用高密度聚乙烯(SHDPE)专用料的非等温结晶行为,并结合Ozawa、莫志深等方程对非等温结晶动力学过程进行研究,并与专用料的基础树脂(BHDPE)进行了对比.结果表明:随着降温速率增加,SHDPE,BHDPE的结晶起始温度和结晶峰温度均向低温方向移动,且达到相同相对结晶度的时间减少,SHDPE的结晶能力低于BHDPE,但SHDPE的晶体完善程度高于BHDPE;Ozawa方程不适于描述冷却速率较低时(5℃/min)的SHDPE,BHDPE的非等温结晶过程,而莫志深方程能很好地描述该过程.     

连续玻纤增强HDPE复合材料的结晶动力学

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法分析了不同降温速率下高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和连续玻纤(GF)增强HDPE复合材料的非等温结晶和熔融行为。使用莫志深法对HDPE和HDPE/GF复合材料的非等温结晶动力学进行研究,得出莫氏方程可以描述其非等温结晶动力学过程。并且采用偏光显微镜(POM)观察结晶形态。结果显示:降温速率越大,聚合物结晶峰越宽、聚合物开始结晶时的温度越低、结晶峰温度越低。GF起到异相成核的作用,使得HDPE/GF复合材料的成核速率高于纯HDPE,但由于纤维对晶体生长具有一定的阻碍作用,使其结晶焓较低。通过熔融曲线分析发现,降温速率和GF的加入对HDPE及HDPE/GF复合材料熔融温度和熔融峰温度的影响并不显著。采用莫志深法的研究结果与由动力学参数得出的结论相一致,HDPE/GF复合材料比HDPE更易结晶。POM等温结晶观察结果表明,HDPE/GF复合材料比HDPE的结晶速率更快,这与DSC和莫志深方程结果一致。     

超支化聚酯对PET非等温结晶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2种不同端基的超支化聚酯(HBP)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)非等温结晶行为的影响,用莫志深法对非等温结晶动力学进行了分析,通过偏光显微镜(POM)观察了各体系的结晶形态。结果表明:PET和PET/HBP的非等温结晶过程可用莫志深动力学方程来描述;HBP的加入并没有改变PET的结晶成核机理和生长方式;端羟基超支化聚酯(HBP-OH)的加入使得PET的结晶速率变慢,对晶体生长起到了抑制作用;端十六烷基超支化聚酯(HBP-C16)在PET中起到了很好的结晶促进剂作用,能够促进PET结晶。     

NBR/PP TPV中PP的非等温结晶行为研究

通过不同方法制备了3种不同NBR/PP热塑性硫化胶(TPV),用差示扫描量热法研究TPV中PP的非等温结晶动力学,并分别利用Ozawa方程和莫志深方法对3种TPV中PP的非等温结晶行为进行解析。结果表明:TPV中NBR对PP的结晶起成核剂的作用,可提高PP的结晶速率,原位反应增容制备的TPV中PP的结晶速率最大;莫志深方法能很好地描述PP的非等温结晶过程。     

PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉的非等温结晶行为

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)考察了PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉的非等温结晶过程,研究了降温速率对PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉的结晶过程的影响,分别采用Jeziorny方程、Ozawa方程和Mo方程对PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉的非等温结晶动力学数据进行分析处理,计算PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉非等温结晶的动力学参数和非等温结晶活化能。结果表明:对于PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉,用Mo法处理得到的结果更理想,Jeziorny法有一定的局限性,Ozawa法不适用;PBT/PET/GF/滑石粉的非等温结晶活化能为-317.67 kJ/mol。     

超支化聚苯硫醚/聚苯硫醚共混纤维非等温结晶动力学及热性能研究

使用DSC方法研究了聚苯硫醚(PPS)以及超支化聚苯硫醚/聚苯硫醚共混纤维的非等温结晶动力学,分析了结晶峰值温度等参数,并用Ozawa方程和莫志深方程描述了非等温动力学。结果表明:超支化聚苯硫醚/聚苯硫醚共混纤维的非等温结晶动力学过程能够使用莫志深方程来描述。在共混过程中,少量的超支化聚苯硫醚在线型聚苯硫醚基体材料中能够起到成核剂的作用,提高结晶速率和结晶温度,减少结晶诱导期和半结晶时间。因此,超支化聚苯硫醚/聚苯硫醚共混纤维的结晶速率要快于纯聚苯硫醚纤维的结晶速率。热失重分析表明:超支化聚苯硫醚/聚苯硫醚共混纤维具有与纯聚苯硫醚纤维相同或更优良的热稳定性,添加超支化聚苯硫醚不会降低成品纤维的热稳定性。     

废旧聚酯纺织品制备的rp-PBAT非等温结晶动力学

废旧聚酯纺织品经乙二醇(EG)醇解，再与1,4-丁二醇(BDO)酯交换制备得到对苯二甲酸双羟基丁酯(BHBT),其与己二酸双羟基丁酯(BHAT)熔融缩聚得到再生聚酯基的生物可降解共聚酯聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(rp-PBAT)。采用¹H-NMR对共聚产物进行结构表征，利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行非等温结晶及动力学研究。结果表明，由废旧聚酯纺织品制备的共聚样品是rp-PBAT,样品中BA和BT摩尔含量与投料摩尔比基本相同；rp-PBAT共聚酯的结晶温度(T_c)随着BA含量和降温速率的增加而降低；所有样品相对结晶度-时间(C_t-t)曲线斜率均随降温速率增加而增大，半结晶时间t_1/2减小；在相同降温速率下，随着BA含量的增加，样品的t_1/2呈逐渐增大的趋势，样品结晶速率下降；莫志深方程(Mo方程)能够很好地描述实验体系中的PBAT共聚酯的非等温结晶过程。     

聚苯硫醚/多壁碳纳米管复合材料非等温结晶研究

采用DSC法研究了聚苯硫醚(PPS)及多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合材料的非等温结晶过程,采用莫志深方程分析了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学特性。结果表明,莫志深方程能够较好地描述PPS/MWCNT复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,MWCNT的加入促进了PPS结晶,材料的结晶温度、结晶速率都明显上升。复合材料的结晶温度和结晶速率随MWCNT用量的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,当MWCNT质量分数为3%时两者都达到最大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。