试论企业档案管理工作的现状

企业的发展需要做出正确的顶层决策,而顶层决策做出的依据则是各类的资料的收集、数据整合、信息反馈等,因此就需要科学的档案管理、数字管理、信息管理,如此才能在竞争激烈、瞬息万变的市场中抓住机会,立于不败之地,本文围绕企业档案工作现状,分析档案工作目标,以及档案发展的对策。     

筹资成本在投资项目评估决策中的运用

论述了在投资项目评估决策时，应当树立筹资成本观念，正确计算各种筹资成本，选择最佳的资金筹措方式。     

缫丝工业环境影响评价中工程分析的要点——以安康市石泉县某缫丝厂建设项目为例

缫丝工业是我国纺织工业中的一大支柱产业,是环境影响评价工作中的重要项目类型之一,该类型项目对环境产生影响的主要是缫丝过程中产生的废水和废气.通过工程实例介绍缫丝工业各主要工序的生产工艺和生产条件等,分析产生的废气、废水和固体废物等污染特性,总结了缫丝工业环境影响评价工作中工程分析的要点,为环境影响评价工作者正确评价缫丝工业的环境影响提供参考.     

浅谈工程项目全过程工程造价管理与控制

建设项目全过程造价管理是一种全新的建设项目造价管理模式,它是一种用来确定和控制建设项目造价的管理方法。它强调建设项目是一个过程,建设项目造价的确定与控制也是一个过程,是一个项目造价决策和实施的过程,人们在项目全过程中都需要开展对于建设项目造价管理的工作。本文从工程的决策阶段、施工阶段到竣工验收等重点环节的工程造价控制管理进行了详细的探讨。     

酒类酿造废水集中处理对环境的影响 ——以龙马潭区为例

党的十九大确定了"建设美丽中国"的生态文明建设总体目标,提出要着力解决水污染防治等突出环境问题.以龙马潭区为例,描述其在推进生态文明建设进程中加强水污染防治的工作,探索创新酒类企业酿造废水的治理方式,建立酒类废水集中处理项目,通过描述项目的建设背景、决策议程、落地建设和运营管理机制等,分析创新水污染治理方式对生态环境、...     

商办工业科技信息工作亟待加强

商办工业科技信息工作是指在一定的时间和条件下,商办工业企业掌握与运用有关科学技术动态、先进生产技术、各类技术标准等技术信息活动的总称。对当前商办工业科技信息工作的状况进行分析研究,其根本目的就在于引导商办工业企业实施正确决策,力求使企业在竞争中谋求不败之地。     

精制调味油通过了专家技术鉴定

正当夏日炎炎,人们思食凉菜凉食时,一种品味芳香的新型调味佳品——精制调味油研制成功了.由陕西省粮油科研所承担的《精制调味油的研制》项目,于1993年7月23日在西安顺利通过了由陕西省粮食局主持召开的有大专院校、科研单位与卫生防疫部门等专家教授组成的技术成果鉴定会.经过与会代表对研究报告的详细审议和对生姜等5种调味油的凉食现场品尝,一致认为,该项目选题正确,符合调味油生产的发展方向,会议提供的生姜调     

甘肃省科技专家库建设与管理探究——以科技奖励评审工作为例

甘肃省科技专家库为我省科技发展咨询论证、项目评审、科技成果管理和科技奖励评审工作提供了有力支撑,是维护科技成果评价和科技奖励评审工作的权威性和公正性的坚实保障。文章以甘肃省科技奖励评审工作为例,分析了我省科技专家库建设中存在的主要问题,对完善科技专家库建设和管理工作提出对策建议,以充分发挥科技专家在科技创新和决策服务中的咨询参谋作用,进一步推进决策民主化、制度化、科学化。     

浅谈造纸企业项目建设的决策与管理

从项目方案的调研、决策及管理等方面阐述了对造纸工业项目建设的一些看法.     

测绘在土地开发整理中的特点及应用分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,其城市化建设进程进入了高速发展阶段,旧城改造、拆迁工程项目越来越多,同时为了区域经济的发展,区域规划、土地在开发整理后面积和权属的重新划分等这些土地开发整理工作的进行,都需要以测绘为基础,因为对这些问题要做出正确的决策,需要测绘的原始数据为科学依据。在土地开发整理的全过程中都需要以测绘工作为基础,测绘工作贯穿于整个工程的始终,所以其工作需要更细致、具体,这样才能得出准确、科学的数据,为决策、投资等行为的进行提供科学的依据。本文从测绘工作在土地开发整理中的意义入手,分析了测绘工作在土地开发整理中的特点,并进一下阐述了测绘在土地开发整理中的具体应用。     

Authentication of gadoids from highly processed products susceptible to include species mixtures by means of DNA sequencing methods

Economic importance of gadoids such as fishing resource, and their conservation status, necessitates the development of techniques that allow unequivocal authentication of products made from them. Amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) marker and subsequent phylogenetic analysis were carried out to authenticate these products and assure their correct labeling. Also, SNP analysis that allows detection of species mixtures of Gadus genus was developed. For this, two fragments of the cyt b gene were amplified and sequenced, one of 464 bp and another internal fragment to this of 263 bp to allow the authentication of gadoid species in highly processed products. Obtained sequences were aligned and analyzed in order to assess the presence of informative variable positions and a maximum of 14 SNP were identified and selected. These allow detection and identification of species mixtures belonging to this genus. The developed methodologies were validated and applied to 25 commercial samples. The main novelty of this work lies in the fact that is the only work that allows the detection of species mixtures of the Gadus genus and is the only one that allows the authentication of highly processed products up to date. Furthermore, this methodology allows identifying more of 15 species of gadoids and can be applied to all kinds of seafood products. Therefore, this molecular tool can be applied in questions related to check the fulfillment of labeling regulations for seafood products, verify the correct traceability in commercial trade and for fisheries control.     

Authentication of species in meat products by genetic techniques

In the present work, a method for the authentication of meat products was developed, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing (FINS). This study describes the use of sequencing of the cytochrome b gene of the mtDNA in a wide variety of species to diagnose adulteration of meat through the substitution from one species to another that have less commercial value. The main importance of this work is to deal with a wide variety of species that have not previously been analyzed. This methodology strategy allows the authentication of meat species in all kind of products, fresh, or precooked products, the more usual format for marketing in that species. This method shows a specificity of 100%. The developed methodology was validated and finally applied to 20 commercial samples including some that had been subjected to intensive thermal treatment. In 15% of the products analyzed, the name of the species displayed in the label was not in agreement with the identified species. The main novelty of this work lies in the fact that it allows the identification of a large number of meat species not analyzed so far in previous works. In this work are included meat species, which can be easily found in our markets, and a wide variety of others whose consumption is common in other parts of the world. Therefore, this technique can be used as a routine method to avoid the mislabeling in the marketing of these products and to assess their correct traceability.     

FINS methodology to identification of sardines and related species in canned products and detection of mixture by means of SNP analysis systems

The sardines are a resource of great importance in the artisanal and industrial fisheries worldwide. Such sardines and sardine-type products are included many species of small pelagic species, all belonging to the Clupeidae family. Within this family, highlights the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), which by its organoleptic characteristics this species has gained an extraordinary commercial significance. In this work, an amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b marker and subsequent phylogenetic analysis (FINS: Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing) were carried out to assure the correct labeling of sardine and sardine-type products. On the other hand, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis that allows detection of mixture of S. pilchardus and S. aurita in canned products was developed. After the application of this methodology to more than 80 available commercial samples can conclude that in more of 15% of the products analyzed, the name of the species displayed in the label was not in agreement with the identified species, also a one of these included in mixture of species. The main novelty of this work lies in the fact that have been included a long number of different species of sardines, many of which were not included in similar works up to date. Furthermore, this methodology allows identifying over 20 species of sardines and can be applied to all kinds of processed products, including those who have been subjected to intensive processing treatments, such as canned foods. Therefore, this molecular tool can be applied in questions related to correct labeling, traceability, fishery regulations, and commercial trade control of sardines and sardine-type products.     

Validation of end-point and real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of soy allergen in processed products

This work describes the development and validation of two PCR methods, end-point and real-time PCR, for the detection of soy protein in a wide rage of foodstuffs. These techniques are reliable and sensitive, allowing detection of trace amounts of soybean in processed products. TaqMan real-time PCR was the simpler and more rapid process, with a higher potential for automation and, therefore, currently the most suitable screening method. To verify correct operation of the proposed methodology, ELISA was used for quantitative determination of soy protein. In addition, 35 meat, fish and bakery processed products, which could potentially contain soy but was not declared on the label, were tested for the presence of soy DNA using the proposed methods. The methodologies will be valuable in issues regarding the presence of soy protein in processed products, especially in verifying labelling and security regulations to protect consumer's rights.     

4类食品分类和判定时的注意事项

摘 S要:食品监督抽检和风险监测是保障消费者食品安全的最有效手段,对抽检产品进行正确食品分类和依据相关标准做出正确判定是抽检工作中的难点和关键点。本文通过对粮食加工品、食用油、油脂及其制品、水产制品以及豆制品等这4类食品分类和判定时的注意事项的分析,旨在说明准确进行食品分类的重要性,希望以期抽检工作者在进行食品分类时不再仅仅根据产品名称或经验来判断,要结合抽检细则、产品执行标准、生产许可、生产工艺以及产品标签等综合判断,同时为粮食加工品、食用油、油脂及其制品、水产制品以及豆制品等这4类食品进行分类时提供参考。     

Species authentication of octopus,cuttlefish, bobtail and bottle squids (families Octopodidae,Sepiidae and Sepiolidae) by FINS methodology in seafoods

In the present work a molecular a method for the authentication of cephalopods products was developed, which allows the genetic identification of about 30 species belonging to the families Octopodidae, Sepiidae and Sepiolidae. This molecular system is based on the phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences. The molecular marker studied was the cytochrome b gene (cyt b), that was amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. The developed methodology was validated and further applied to 20 commercial samples, detecting 6 that were incorrectly labelled (30%). Therefore, this molecular tool could be applied in questions related to correct labelling, traceability, and import control of products containing the taxonomic groups studied.     

Authentication of the most important species of rockfish by means of fins

In the present work, a method for the authentication of more of 100 scorpaenids species has been developed by means of forensically informative nucleotide sequencing technique, which is based on a PCR followed by a phylogenetic analysis. Due to the different commercial value of the species belonging to this taxonomic group, substitutions between species in seafood products can take place. Two different methodological strategies are proposed, allowing the analysis of fresh, frozen, or highly processed products with total reliability. These analytical systems have been validated and subsequently applied to 25 commercial samples. Therefore, this technique can be used as a routine method to avoid the mislabeling in the marketing of scorpaenid species and it is also suitable to assess the correct seafood traceability of these products.     

Detection and identification of marine fish mislabeling in Guangzhou's supermarkets and sushi restaurants using DNA barcoding

In this study, DNA barcoding was applied to identify the distinct species of fish products in Guangzhou supermarkets and sushi restaurants in order to confirm whether products were correctly labeled. Samples were analyzed using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (CO I) gene as the target. Our results showed that the CO I gene of all 139 samples examined was successfully amplified by PCR. When sequenced, 30 samples (21.58%) were mislabeled as the wrong species, 11 samples had insufficient information provided on the label to determine if the labeling was correct (7.91%), and four samples failed sequencing (2.88%). We also found that the use of proper labels for fish products in sushi restaurants was higher than that in supermarkets. As a simple, rapid, and efficient technology, DNA barcoding can be widely used for species identification of fish products. Our work shows that regulation of the labeling of fish products, as we evaluated in Guangzhou and other markets in China, is needed on a global scale.     

关于加强水产品标准建设的几点思考

为了加强水产品标准体系的建设,对水产品标准体系发展现状进行了客观分析,存在标准水平偏低、企业标准化意识淡薄、标准的研究工作薄弱和水产品行业标准的制（修）定工作跟不上产品的发展等问题。认为水产品加工企业应采取强化企业标准化意识、积极采用国际标准和国外先进标准、加强水产品标准的基础研究工作等工作,提出了完善水产品标准体系的建议。     

HACCP体系在凝固型酸奶生产中的应用

本文探讨了HACCP体系在凝固型酸奶生产中的应用.从生物、化学、物理性危害三个方面对凝固型酸奶进行了危害分析,找出了影响产品安全质量的关键控制点有6个,提出了纠正措施和方法,并将危害消除在生产过程之中,保证了食品安全卫生,提高了产品质量,为凝固型酸奶产品建立HACCP体系提供参考.