一种基于线性神经网络的半易损水印技术

本文提出了一种基于线性神经网络的半易损水印技术。该算法利用线性神经网络对小波低频系数及其邻域系数的关系进行建模,然后利用被选的嵌入点处的小波系数与模型输出值之间的大小关系来嵌入二值水印。基于该模型提取水印时不需要原始图像和水印,只需模型的参数即可。实验表明,该算法不仅对于恶意篡改有较强的定位能力,而且可
可以抵抗JPEG压缩。     

基于小波域方向树结构的图像水印算法

在小波变换域中,不同分辨率上、同方向子带内、相同空间位置的小波系数之间有较强的相似性,该文提出了一种基于小波域方向树结构的图像水印算法。该算法利用支持向量机建立小波系数方向树结构模型,通过调整模型的输出值与目标值的大小关系来隐藏水印。提取水印时,不需要原始载体图像。实验结果表明,该算法对常见的图像攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,而且水印嵌入容量大、隐蔽性好、安全性强、性能优越。     

基于分块奇异值分解的小波域水印算法

对于一般有意义灰度水印,如何在不可见性下增大水印嵌入容量,增强鲁棒性仍是水印研究学者研究的重要内容.根据奇异值分解的特性,结合小波变换与人类视觉系统的某些特性接近的良好特点,提出了一种基于分块奇异值分解的小波域鲁棒水印算法.算法首先将灰度水印信息分为重要信息和次要信息两部分,然后在小波域对宿主图像小波分解后的高频和低频系数分别进行分块奇异值分解,再把经过置乱变换的重要信息部分和次要信息部分分块DCT变换,将变换后的水印信息分别嵌入低频和高频系数分块奇异值分解的奇异值中.实验结果与分析表明:水印算法能嵌入大容量水印,且能抵抗大多数图像攻击,是一种可行的算法.     

基于小波变换的3维网格水印

3维网格数据是不规则采样的数据集,传统的图像变换域水印算法不能直接应用到网格上.提出了一种小波变换域的鲁棒网格水印算法.该算法对半规则的多分辨率网格进行小波变换,得到一个基网格和一系列小波系数.在对小波系数的统计特性进行实验分析的基础上,选择在低频子带的小波系数中嵌入水印,并对小波系数的切向和法向分量设计了不同的嵌入强度,以减小几何失真.实验结果表明,该水印算法满足不可见性,并具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于纠错编码和RBF神经网络的盲水印新算法

结合RBF神经网络和纠错编码技术,提出了一种把经过混沌加密的图像水印嵌入小波域,并实现盲检测的新型水印算法.首先,对原始图像进行小波分解得到各子带的小波系数;其次,通过密钥选择在小波系数中嵌入水印的起始位置,并对该小波系数进行量化处理作为RBF神经网络模型的输入值;最后,用混沌加密技术和纠错编码技术对待嵌入的水印信息进行预处理以增强水印系统的安全性和鲁棒性,把处理后的水印信息嵌入到经过RBF神经网络模型处理后的小波系数中.实验表明,该算法人类视觉掩蔽性良好,同时对于诸如JEPG压缩、椒盐噪声、滤波等常见图像处理攻击的鲁棒性达到了预期的效果.     

一种抗几何失真的彩色图像数字水印算法*

提出了一种基于SIFT(尺度特征变换)特征点校正几何参数的小波域彩色图像水印算法.该算法利用RGB彩色图像中蓝色与绿色分量的小波系数之间的关系,在蓝色水平细节和垂直细节中嵌入相同的水印;水印检测前,利用红色分量中的SIFT特征点估计几何参数,校正失真水印图像,从而可以无失真地提取水印.实验结果表明,该算法对压缩、噪声、剪裁、旋转、缩放等各类几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于离散小波—奇异值分解的多水印嵌入算法

为提高传统数字图像水印算法的安全性, 解决数字水印对信号处理和几何失真比较敏感的问题, 提出一种新的以离散小波多级分解与奇异值分解相结合的数字图像水印算法. 不同于常见的基于小波变换的数字水印技术, 该方案在原始图像离散小波变换的低频近似区域和高频对角区域中嵌入水印, 在图像的保真度和鲁棒性之间取得较好的折衷. 水印检测时, 将从低频近似区域和高频对角区域中提取出的水印进行比较, 选择效果较好的水印作为最终检测水印. 实验结果表明, 提出的多水印算法对于各种攻击具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于SVD的小波域自适应量化盲水印算法

提出了一种新的基于SVD的小波域自适应量化盲水印算法;对有意义的二值水印图像进行预处理置乱后,该算法结合人类视觉系统特性采用不同的嵌入策略把0/1水印值分别嵌入到图像三级小波分解后的中低频子带和高频子带系数中,并结合小波零树原理在中低频子带进行嵌入水印,而在高频细节子带则利用奇异值良好的稳定性能来进行水印的嵌入;仿真结果表明:与传统的算法相比,该方法在针对高低频的多种攻击下具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于小波的视频质量评价模型

为提高客观视频质量评价算法与主观评价间的相关性,提出一种基于小波的视频质量评价模型.根据人眼对图像高低频失真的敏感度不同,利用小波变换的近似系数和细节系数,采用不同方法计算各帧图像的高频和低频失真量,将2种失真量相乘得到帧度量,所有帧结果的平均值作为客观视频质量评价值.实验结果表明,该模型结果与主观评价结果具有较好的相关性.     

一种利用小波系数幅值关系的鲁棒水印算法

为了实施图像的版权保护,提出一种利用小波系数幅值关系的水印算法.原始图像通过小波分解得到小波系数,中频子带中多个不重叠的小波系数伪随机地被分为一组.利用每组数据中两个重要系数幅值的相对关系特征和水印信息生成密钥.保存密钥,并在密钥的控制下提取水印.实验结果表明本文提出的算法不仅能有效抵抗JPEG压缩,低通滤波、高斯噪声和几何攻击,而且水印图像的PSNR可以保持在50dB以上.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.