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1.
Considering the thermodynamic stability of various hydrides, a strategy has been employed to improve the hydrogen isotope storage properties of ZrCo alloy which involves partial co-substitution of Zr with Ti and Nb. Herein, alloys of composition Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) is prepared, characterized and the effect of Ti and Nb doping on hydrogen storage properties of parent ZrCo alloy is investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of desired pure cubic phase of all the synthesized alloys similar to ZrCo phase. The presence of a single plateau in hydrogen desorption pressure-composition isotherms confirms single step hydrogen absorption-desorption behavior in Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo alloys. The equilibrium pressure of hydrogen desorption decreases marginally with increasing Nb content in Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo alloys which is further corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Investigation of hydrogen induced disproportionation behavior in ITER-simulating condition revealed substantial impact of co-substitution of Ti and Nb on anti-disproportionation properties of ZrCo alloy. These remarkable properties make the Ti and Nb co-substituted quaternary alloys a desirable material for hydrogen isotope storage and delivery application.  相似文献   

2.
In our previous study, we showed that the anti-disproportionation properties of Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo alloys were remarkably improved by the co-substitution of Zr with Ti and Nb. However, the practical application of these alloys in handling of hydrogen isotopes necessitates the first hand knowledge of hydrogen isotope effect. Herein, we discuss the hydrogen isotope effect on storage properties of Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo alloys. According to PCT measurements on desorption of deuterium from the Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo deuterides and comparison with corresponding hydrides, the deuterides require relatively lower temperature to achieve the desired equilibrium pressure. DSC measurements reveal a significant decrease in the activation energy for hydrogen/deuterium desorption reactions when Zr is substituted with Ti and Nb. Furthermore, it is observed that the activation energy of deuterium desorption is lower than the desorption of hydrogen from analogous hydride. Isotope effect on isothermal disproportion studies on Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo-deuterides divulge that Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo-deuterides have superior anti-disproportionation properties over corresponding hydrides, and further improvement is anticipated for the Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo-tritides. This study revealed the significant impact of Ti and Nb co-substitution on hydrogen isotope storage properties of Zr0.8Ti0.2-xNbxCo alloys, making them potential candidates for handling hydrogen isotopes.  相似文献   

3.
The non-stoichiometric Zr0.9TixV2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys are designed to explore the effect of non-stoichiometry on phase constituent, microstructure and hydrogenation properties of Zr-based AB2 Laves alloys. The alloys are prepared by non-consumable arc melting and annealed at 1273 K for 168 h in argon atmosphere to ensure the homogeneity. Phase structure investigation shows the α-Zr/β-Zr phase and V-BCC phase originating from the non-equilibrium solidification can be reduced after annealing, C15-type ZrV2 becomes the dominant phase. Meanwhile, a small amount of Zr3V3O phase generates when x ≤ 0.2 and the β-Zr transforms to α-Zr when x > 0.2. High density annealing twins are observed in ZrV2 matrix by TEM. Activation behavior, hydrogenation kinetics and PCT characteristics of annealed Zr0.9TixV2 are investigated in the temperature range 673–823 K. With the decrease in B/A ratio or increase in Ti content, the initial hydrogen absorption speed decreases obviously, the plateaus of PCT curves become wide and flat, meanwhile the hydrogen absorption capacity and the stability of metal hydrides increases. Twin defects observed in these alloys play an important role in accelerating the hydrogenation kinetics. In addition, phase constituent after hydrogenation is analyzed.  相似文献   

4.
ZrTiVFe high-entropy alloy has shown desirable hydrogen absorption and desorption properties due to its lattice distortion effect and high content of C14 phase that can store hydrogen. In this study, element Cu was used to improve the reversible hydrogen storage properties of equimolar ZrTiVFe alloy by increasing valence-electron concentration (VEC), and (ZrTiVFe)1-xCux (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) alloys were prepared. After studying their microstructural features and hydrogen storage properties, the results indicate that (ZrTiVFe)0.95Cu0.05 and (ZrTiVFe)0.90Cu0.10 alloys are mainly consisted of C14 Laves phase and a small amount of α-Ti and α-Zr phases. When the Cu content increases to 20 at. %, the microstructure transforms to reticular ZrTiCu2 phase around C14 Laves phase, and the Cu8Zr3 phase is formed in final solidification stage. The fastest hydrogen absorption rate of (ZrTiVFe)0.80Cu0.20 alloy at room temperature suggests the ZrTiCu2 and Cu8Zr3 phases can provide preferential paths for hydrogen atoms diffusion. The amount of hydrogen in (ZrTiVFe)0.90Cu0.10 hydride that cannot be desorbed at 400 °C in vacuum is greatly reduced from 0.370 wt% to 0.084 wt% comparing with ZrTiVFe hydride. The addition of element Cu reduces the stability of ZrTiVFe hydride significantly, which favors the hydrogen desorption of the (ZrTiVFe)1-xCux alloys.  相似文献   

5.
Structure and hydrogen storage properties of three Ti31V26Nb26Zr12M5 multicomponent alloys with M = Fe, Co and Ni are investigated. The alloys synthesized by arc melting are characterized via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The as-cast ingots present multi-phase dendritic structures composed mainly of BCC phases and small amounts of C14 Laves phases. Upon hydrogenation, each alloy absorbs around 1.9 H/M (number of hydrogen atoms per metal atoms) at room temperature. XRD of fully hydrogenated samples shows the formation of multi-phase structures composed of FCC and C14 hydrides. Thermo Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) shows that the hydrogenated alloys present multi-step desorption processes with wide temperature ranges and low onset temperatures. XRD of partially hydrogenated samples indicate the presence of intermediate BCC hydrides. XRD of desorbed samples suggest reversible reactions of absorption/desorption: BCC + C14 alloy ? intermediate BCC hydride + C14 hydride ? FCC + C14 hydrides.  相似文献   

6.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), as a new class of metallic materials, have received more and more attention due to its excellent mechanical properties. In this study, the hydrogen absorption properties, such as hydrogen absorption capacity, thermodynamics, kinetics and cyclic properties, as well as the hydride structure of a newly designed TiZrNbTa HEA were investigated. The results showed that multiple hydrides including ε-ZrH2, ε-TiH2 and β-(Nb,Ta)H were found in the TiZrNbTa HEA after hydrogenation. With the increase of temperature from 293 K to 493 K, the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity decreased from 1.67 wt% to 1.25 wt% and the plateau pressure related with β-(Nb,Ta)H hydrides increased from 1.6 kPa to 14.8 kPa. The formation enthalpy of β-(Nb,Ta)H hydride was determined to be −6.4 kJ/mol, which was less stable than that of NbH and TaH hydrides. The results also showed that the TiZrNbTa HEA exhibited a rapid hydrogen absorption kinetic even at the room temperature with a short incubation time, and the hydrogen absorption mechanism was determined to be the nucleation and growth mechanism. Moreover, the hydrogen absorption capacity at 293 K decreased slowly with the cycle numbers, and remained 86% capacity after 10 cycles. Cracking occurred after hydrogen absorption and became worse with cycles.  相似文献   

7.
The non-stoichiometric C15 Laves phase alloys namely Zr0.9Ti0.1Vx (x = 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3) are designed and expected to investigate the role of defect and microstructure on hydrogenation kinetics of AB2 type Zr-based alloys. The alloys are prepared by non-consumable arc melting in argon atmosphere and annealed at 1273 K for 168 h to ensure the homogeneity. The microstructure and phase constitute of these alloys are examined by SEM, TEM and XRD. The results indicate the homogenizing can reduce the minor phases α-Zr and abundant V solid solution originating from the non-equilibrium solidification of as-cast alloys. Twin defects with {111}<011 > orientation relationship are observed, and the role of defects on hydrogenation kinetics is discussed. Hydrogen absorption PCT characteristics and hydrogenation kinetics of Zr0.9Ti0.1Vx at 673–823 K are investigated by the pressure reduction method using a Sievert apparatus. The results show the hypo-stoichiometric alloys preserve faster hydrogenation kinetics than the hyper-stoichiometric ones due to the decrease of dendritic V. The excess content of Zr3V3O phase decreases the hydrogenation kinetics and the stability of hydrides. In addition, the different rate controlled mechanisms during hydrogen absorption are analyzed. The effects of non-stoichiometry on the crystal structure and hydrogen storage properties of Zr0.9Ti0.1Vx Laves alloys are discussed.  相似文献   

8.
Zr substituted Ti2CrV alloy with Ti0.43Zr0.07Cr0.25V0.25 composition was synthesized by arc melting method and its crystal structure, microstructure and hydrogen storage performance were investigated. XRD and microstructural analyses confirmed that the alloy forms Laves phase related BCC solid solution. The enthalpy of hydride formation as derived from pressure composition absorption isotherms is ?56.33 kJ/mol H2. The desorption temperature of the hydride is significantly lower (by ~50 K) than that of Ti2CrV hydride indicating lower thermal stability of the hydride compared to its unsubstituted analogue. The alloy shows better cyclic stability over the unsubstituted one. This work also offers mechanistic insight into hydrogen absorption reaction of Ti0.43Zr0.07Cr0.25V0.25 alloy by analyzing the hydriding kinetics data with standard kinetic models. The rate-determining steps of hydrogen absorption reaction were identified as random nucleation and growth of hydride followed by 1D and 3D diffusion of hydrogen atoms through the hydride layer. The present study is expected to provide valuable information for the better development of Ti–Cr–V based hydrogen storage alloys.  相似文献   

9.
Herein, the influence of Ti substitution on microstructure and hydrogen absorption behavior of annealed ZrxTi7-xV5Fe (x = 0, 0.3, 0.9, 1.5 and 2.1) alloys is systematically studied. The results reveal that the Ti-substituted alloys contain only α-Zr and C15–ZrV2 phases, where the content of C15–ZrV2 phase initially increased with increasing Ti content, followed by a gradual decrease. On the other hand, the content of α-Zr phase decreased with increasing Ti content, and then increased. Hence, the cell volume of C15–ZrV2 phase is maximum and the cell volume of α-Zr phase is minimum at x = 1.5, corresponding to Zr5.5Ti1.5V5Fe alloy. Moreover, the results exhibit that the plateau pressure of α-Zr phase increased with increasing Ti content at 623 K, 673 K and 723 K, whereas the plateau pressure of C15–ZrV2 phase exhibited the reverse change. Also, the stoichiometric ratio (A/B) of A-side element to B-side element in α-Zr phase gradually decreased with increasing Ti content, whereas the C15–ZrV2 phase exhibited an opposite trend. One should note that the A/B stoichiometric ratio may play a critical role in determining the plateau pressure of both phases. The hydrogen absorption curves of ZrxTi7-xV5Fe alloys showed that the hydrogen absorption content increased with increasing Ti content. It should be noted that the hydrogen absorption kinetics decreased with increasing Ti content, which may be mainly caused by increasing of the particle size with increasing Ti content.  相似文献   

10.
This paper describes the hydrogenation behavior of Zr-1Nb alloy Ti-implanted by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Hydrogen sorption kinetics of the Ti-modified alloy was investigated under gas-phase hydrogenation at 400 °C for 1 h. The influence of implantation time on the protective properties of the modified layer was shown. The lowest hydrogen absorption as well as the highest hydrogen trapping efficiency was achieved after PIII for 30 min. The main contribution to the reduction of hydrogen permeation is the formation of an oxide layer consisting of mixed TiO2 and ZrO2 on the modified surface of the alloy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that PIII titanium oxide exists on the surface in the form of TiO2, which transforms to mixed Ti2O3 and TiO2 after hydrogenation. The thickness of the modified layer increases with implantation time that improves the efficiency of hydrogen trapping. All the absorbed hydrogen is gradually distributed in the modified layer and no hydrides are formed after hydrogenation in Ti-modified Zr-1Nb for 15 and 30 min.  相似文献   

11.
Ti–Cr–Nb hydrogen storage alloys with a body centered cubic (BCC) structure have been successfully prepared by melt-spin and Mo-doping. The crystalline structure, solidification microstructural evolution, and hydrogen storage properties of the corresponding alloys were characterized in details. The results showed that the hydrogen storage capacity of Ti–Cr–Nb ingot alloys increased from 2.2 wt% up to around 3.5 wt% under the treatment of melt-spin and Mo-doping. It is ascribed that the single BCC phase of Ti–Cr–Nb alloys was stabilized after melt-spin and Mo-doping, which has a higher theoretical hydrogen storage site than the Laves phase. Furthermore, the melt-spin alloy after Mo doping can further effectively increase the de-/absorption plateau pressure. The hydrogen desorption enthalpy change ΔH of the melt-spin alloy decreased from 48.94 kJ/mol to 43.93 kJ/mol after Mo-doping. The short terms cycling test also manifests that Mo-doping was effective in improving the cycle durability of the Ti–Cr–Nb alloys. And the BCC phase of the Ti–Cr–Nb alloys could form body centered tetragonal (BCT) or face center cubic (FCC) hydride phase after hydrogen absorption and transform to the original BCC phase after desorption process. This study might provide reference for developing reversible metal hydrides with favorable cost and acceptable hydrogen storage characteristics.  相似文献   

12.
Intermetallic alloys such as AB, AB2, and AB5 type have been studied due to their capability to reversibly store hydrogen. These alloys exhibit varying hydrogen storage properties depending on the crystal structure and composition. Compositional modification is commonly known as an effective method to modify the alloys thermodynamic and kinetics for various applications such as metal hydride batteries, metal hydrides hydrogen storage and compression. However, the effects of the compositional modification on the cyclic stability of these alloys are not usually well studied.Here, the hydrogen cycling stabilities of Ti-Mn based alloys with C14 type structure are studied. Hyper-stoichiometry, stoichiometry and hypo-stoichiometry alloys were prepared accordingly: Ti30.6V16.4Mn48.7 (Zr0.7Cr0.8Fe2.8) (B/A = 2.19), Ti32.8V15.1Mn47.1 (Zr0.9Cr1.2Fe2.9) (B/A = 1.97) and Ti34.5V15.4Mn44.7 (Zr0.9Cr1.3Fe3.2) (B/A = 1.87). Whilst the hyper-stoichiometry alloy showed almost a stable (about 9% capacity reduction) hydrogen capacity after 1000 cycles of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, the stoichiometry and hypo-stoichiometry alloys failed to hydrogenate after about 950 and 500 cycles respectively. A limited reduction in the calculated crystalline size of the alloys was observed before and after the hydrogen cycling, denoting that pulverisation plays a less significant role on the observed hydrogen capacity loss. In addition, a reduction in the B/A ratio from 2.19 to 1.82 (hyper to hypo-stoichiometry) encouraged the formation of more stable hydride and a higher level of heterogeneous lattice strain. Whilst a small loss of hydrogen capacity (9%) in the hyper-stoichiometry alloy was attributed to the trapped hydrogen, the complete loss of hydrogen capacity in the stoichiometry and hypo-stoichiometry alloys seemed to originate from the formation of stable hydride and the lattice distortion.  相似文献   

13.
Vanadium-based alloys are promising for the reversible and compact storage of renewable hydrogen. To improve the hydrogen desorption plateau pressure of vanadium hydrides, V–3A binary alloys of V97Al3, V97Mn3, and V97Ru3 were prepared by vacuum arc melting. Hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of the newly prepared V–3A alloys were studied, and compared to vanadium hydrides, by pressure-composition-temperature measurements and first-principles calculations. Among the studied materials, V–3Ru showed the highest hydrogen desorption plateau pressures between T = 373 and 433 K. During hydrogen loading, V–3Ru also reached the highest hydrogen to metal ratio between the alloys. Meanwhile, V–3Ru was also the alloy with the highest hardness. Findings of hydrogen absorption and desorption measurements were supported with DFT calculations of hydride formation energies. The calculated DOS, ELF and atomic charges were used to study the effects of alloying on the electronic properties of hydrides. The bonding interactions in vanadium dihydrides were influenced the most through Al alloying, whereas V–3Mn and V–3Ru hydrides showed comparable electronic properties.  相似文献   

14.
Hydride formation and hydriding properties of Ti-Mn alloy systems, which have a hexagonal structure of MgZn2(C14)-type known as the Laves phase, were studied by measuring pressure-composition isotherms in the temperature range 0–80°C. It was found that the Ti-Mn binary alloys whose Ti contents were less than 36 at % absorbed almost no hydrogen (P ? 4.5 MPa), but the alloys containing more Ti did react readily with hydrogen at room temperature without any activation treatment. The maximum absorbed hydrogen content of every Ti-Mn alloy was H/M ~ 1.The TiMn1.5 hydride showed the most desirable properties of all the Ti-Mn binary alloy hydrides; the dissociation plateau pressure is approximately 0.7 MPa, the maximum amount of absorbed hydrogen is 228 ml g?1 the maximum amount of released hydrogen is 190 ml g?1 at 20°C, and ΔHΔH is the molar enthalpy change of hydrogen (i.e. the heat of formation).= ?28.7 kJ(mol H2)?1. Also, hydriding properties of TiMn2 based Ti-Mn multi-component alloys containing other transition metals, such as Zr, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ta, La and Ce, were studied. The dissociation plateau pressure at 20°C was obtained in a range from 0.01 MPa (for Ti0.5Zr0.5 Mn2-H) to 1 MPa (for Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.4V0.2Cr0.4-H).  相似文献   

15.
In this work the results of investigation of mechanism of alloy formation in Ti–Nb system by “Hydride cycle” (HC) method are presented. The temperature regime of dehydrogenation-sintering is defined; the dependences of phase composition of the synthesized alloys on the dispersity and ratio of source reagents (TiH2 and NbHx powders) are studied. X-ray method is used for determination of structural characteristics of synthesized alloys and their hydrides. The results indicate that the crystal lattice and morphology of Ti–Nb alloys are sensitive to the content of Nb: at increasing of NbH portion in the charge, the β-phase becomes prevailing in the formed BCC alloy. The BCC alloys have been estimated as effective hydrogen storage materials. Therefore, we studied the interaction of synthesized alloys with hydrogen in combustion regime to obtain their hydrides.  相似文献   

16.
To further explore the application feasibility of Zr2Co alloy in tritium-related fields, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of this material of crystalline or amorphous structure, prepared by arc melting or melt spinning, were studied by pressure-composition temperature measurement, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, thermal desorption spectroscopy. It was found that the two kinds of Zr2Co alloys can absorb hydrogen in a close full concentration of ~9 mmol/g, and may have similar equilibrium hydrogen pressure in the order of 10?6 Pa at room temperature. In their hydrogenated samples various hydrides were observed to form, including ZrH2, Zr2CoH5, ZrCoH3 and an amorphous one with gradually decreasing general thermostability. The amorphous alloy exhibited easier hydrogen induced disproportionation caused by highly stable ZrH2 and much slower hydrogen absorption kinetics. This disproportionation behavior of the crystalline alloy was found to be entirely suppressed by changing heating process. The results firmly indicate that crystalline Zr2Co alloy could be more favorable for tritium treatment due to very low equilibrium pressure and the feasibility of eliminating the disproportionation.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, the effect of hydrogen concentration on the reaction enthalpies of some metal hydride alloys during hydriding and dehydring is presented. Pressure–concentration–temperature characteristics of the metal hydride alloys are measured under nearly isothermal condition during both absorption and desorption. Reaction enthalpies and entropies of LaNi5, LaNi4.7Al0.3, LmNi4.91Sn0.15, Ti0.99Zr0.01V0.43Fe0.09Cr0.05Mn1.5 and MmCo0.72Al0.87Fe0.04Ni3.91 are estimated by constructing van't Hoff plots at different hydrogen concentrations. It is observed that the effect of hydrogen concentration on reaction enthalpies is more significant for the alloys having larger plateau slopes. At the initial stage of hydrogenation, metal hydrides are found to have larger reaction enthalpies which decrease gradually by about 5–15% at the end of the hydrogen absorption. At any given temperature, desorption enthalpies of LaNi5, LmNi4.91Sn0.15, MmCo0.72Al0.87Fe0.04Ni3.91, LaNi4.7Al0.3 and Ti0.99Zr0.01V0.43Fe0.09Cr0.05Mn1.5 are found to be higher by about 5, 8, 10, 28 and 32% than their respective absorption enthalpies. Reaction enthalpies of the selected metal hydride alloys are expressed as a function of hydrogen concentration by a fourth order polynomial equation obtained from fitting with the experimental data.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Ternary alloys of general composition (TiFe)100-xMx (M = Co, Nb) have been synthesized from pure metals through high-energy ball milling. The maximum concentration of alloying components allowing formation of single phase TiFe-type compounds has been defined as 2 at.%. The hydrogenation behavior of the mechanical alloys in comparison with the arc-melted ones of the same composition has been studied by a combination of volumetric and calorimetric techniques. Influence of the alloy composition and the synthesis mode on the crystal structure of TiFe and its hydrides has been evaluated. It has been shown that the thermochemical method based on calorimetric titration provides more accurate information about phase transformations in the nanocrystalline metal hydride systems. The obtained results show that the third components slightly affect the hydrogen storage performance of non-equilibrium mechanical alloys in contrast with alloys produced by conventional melting.  相似文献   

20.
In this work, the hydrogen sorption kinetics as well as the hydrogen effect on phase transformations, structure and properties of additively manufactured Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy using electron beam melting (EBM) were studied. In situ X-ray diffraction complex was used to analyze phase transitions in the EBM Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy under hydrogenation in gas atmosphere. The EBM mode is found to affect significantly on the microstructure and the rate of hydrogen sorption by Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy during hydrogenation at a temperature of 650 °C. The measurements have shown that the highest rate of hydrogen absorption is observed in samples manufactured at the beam current of 3 mA and the scanning speed of 150 mm/s. Hydrogenation of the samples leads to redistribution of alloying elements in the titanium alloy resulted in the formation of aluminum-rich α2-Ti3Al intermetallic phase and hydrides precipitation.  相似文献   

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