载体材料表面化学组成对蛋白质吸附行为的影响研究进展

蛋白质在载体表面的吸附行为,如其吸附速率、吸附量以及取向和构象的变化,在很大程度上依赖于载体材料的表面化学组成。调控载体材料的表面化学组成已成为控制蛋白质吸附行为的重要手段。本文主要对载体材料表面不同组成对蛋白质吸附行为的影响进行了归纳。介绍了材料表面的功能基团包括疏水基团（甲基和含氟基团）和亲水基团（羟基、氨基和羧基）对蛋白质吸附行为的影响。另外,在载体材料表面接枝聚合物链是一种常用的有效调控表面化学组成的方法。重点介绍了材料表面接枝不同聚合物链时,聚合物链的种类、长度、密度和链的结构对蛋白质吸附行为的影响。     

蛋白质吸附用静电纺丝纳米纤维材料研究进展

综述了静电纺纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料的研究进展,简要介绍了蛋白质吸附原理和蛋白质吸附性能的影响因素,具体分析了无机、有机及有机/无机相结合等不同组分静电纺纳米纤维的蛋白质吸附性能。蛋白质吸附的影响因素包括蛋白质的物理化学性质、吸附载体表面性质及环境因素。静电纺无机纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高等特性,在蛋白质吸附应用中发挥着重要作用;静电纺有机纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料通过疏水基团或疏水改性,表现出优异的吸附性能;静电纺有机/无机复合纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料结合有机纤维疏水特性与无机纤维高孔隙结构,可显著提高蛋白质吸附效果。建议加强对多组分复合纤维蛋白质吸附材料的开发,进一步提升静电纺纳米纤维蛋白质吸附材料的吸附性能,并拓展静电纺丝纳米纤维在生物领域的应用。     

Au（111）表面磺酸甜菜碱自组装单层膜的分子模拟

旨在探索磺酸甜菜碱型材料阻抗蛋白质吸附的微观机理,以更好地指导新型无生物污染材料的设计和开发.采用分子力学和分子动力学方法,对磺酸甜菜碱在Au（111）表面的分子自组装结构和性能进行研究.研究结果表明,磺酸甜菜碱在Au（111）表面可形成7×7的稳定结构,真空模拟中分子平均倾斜角为23,°水溶剂化模拟中则为25°,两性离子端基偶极方向趋于平行;水和磺酸甜菜碱的两性离子基团相互作用而吸附于表面上,形成一层牢固的水膜,从而有效地阻止蛋白质吸附到材料表面上.     

蛋白质分子与固体表面相互作用的分子模拟

蛋白质分子和固体表面的相互作用在与生物有关的材料以及工程领域有着重要的影响.两者相互作用的复杂性使得单纯依靠实验无法得到完整的信息.利用分子模拟，从分子尺度上对蛋白质和固体表面的相互作用进行研究，有助于更清楚地了解决定蛋白质在固体表面行为的原因.本文综述了蛋白质与固体表面相互作用的分子模拟研究，主要介绍有关蛋白质模型的选择、表面对蛋白质吸附能力的机理以及蛋白质在吸附表面的取向和构型变化的研究现状和成果.     

两亲可降解聚酯涂层的制备及性能研究

利用两亲聚合物引发己内酯开环聚合制备了两亲可降解聚合物。通过 X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜、水接触角等测试分析了材料的表面元素及表面性质，同时进一步通过附着力测试、抗蛋白吸附测试等抗藻类黏附测试来评估聚合物涂层的综合性能。结果表明：该涂层与基体的附着力较好，并能在水下保持长期稳定性，且蛋白质在涂层表面的吸附量几乎为零，表现出良好的抗蛋白质性能，同时，该材料还具有优异的抗藻类黏附性能。这种新型的两亲聚合物对海洋防污涂料的发展具有重要的意义。     

SiO_2微球的微结构表面组成修饰及其蛋白质/细胞响应

采用SiO_2微球构建微结构表面,分别以TiO_2、Al_2O_3、Au对其表面组成进行修饰。研究了在确定表面微结构的条件下,不同组成修饰对蛋白质吸附与细胞响应行为的影响。结果表明:表面组成改变会影响蛋白质的吸附,细胞的初期黏附与蛋白质吸附量有密切的关系;在细胞增殖阶段,除了蛋白质吸附量,蛋白质吸附取向可能也是影响细胞行为的重要因素之一。     

仿生超疏水表面在建筑和生物医药领域的研究进展

仿生超疏水表面材料具有特殊微纳米结构,相比一般的材料具有优秀的性能和特殊的性质。目前人们已经制备出诸多具有防污、抗冻、微流体、生物医药等特性的仿生超疏水表面材料。文章综述了仿生超疏水材料制备的经典模型和方法,重点介绍了仿生超疏水材料在建筑和生物医药领域的研究进展,如:提高建筑防污耐水性能,增加材料浮力,提高管道运输能力,控制药物释放,控制蛋白质的吸附和生长,控制细胞生长行为,提高血液相容性等。最后对仿生超疏水性表面材料在建筑和生物医药领域的研究进行了展望。     

含两性离子前体聚氨酯的合成及防污性能研究a

防污材料能够有效应对生物医学排异反应和海洋生物污损。羧酸甜菜碱类似物水解而得的两性离子具有优异的亲水性,易形成长效防污表面而被广泛研究。乙基取代叔胺型羧酸甜菜碱酯(TECBT)可作为两性离子前体引入改良的聚氨酯中制得具有优异物理性能的防污材料。其水解前后的化学结构通过衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)表征,亲疏水能力通过接触角表征,防污性能通过蛋白质、细菌、细胞吸附实验表征。结果表明,聚氨酯材料水解后生成了亲水性的两性离子,不仅能强效持久地抗蛋白质吸附,也能抵抗细菌与细胞吸附,具有优异的防污性能。     

一种复配缓蚀剂对Q235碳钢的缓蚀性能及机理研究

为了进一步探究、提高绿色缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能和缓蚀机理,研究了一种Q235碳钢材料的复合绿色缓蚀剂。利用重量法、阻抗图谱（EIS、Bode）、动电位极化曲线、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及能谱分析（EDS）探讨了在自来水介质中,钨酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠和Zn2+对Q235碳钢材料的缓蚀协同作用。结果表明：钨酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠和Zn2+三元药剂在该体系中有较强的协同缓蚀作用。当钨酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、Zn2+质量浓度分别为40、20、4 mg/L时,协同缓蚀效果最好,缓蚀率最高达到90%以上。动电位极化数据证明该复合缓蚀剂为以抑制阳极为主的阳极型缓蚀剂,阻抗图谱的数据表明,三元配方药剂增强了在Q235碳钢表面电荷转移的阻力。采用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）分别证明了三元复合配方药剂在碳钢表面形成了保护膜和膜中的主要成分。三元复合配方药剂在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其是通过化学吸附和物理吸附两种方式吸附在碳钢材料表面的。     

表面离子印迹聚合物金属离子吸附材料研究进展

离子印迹聚合物吸附材料对模板离子具有强识别能力,对其可实现高选择吸附,因而离子印迹技术常用于制备高选择性吸附材料。但传统方法制备的离子印迹吸附材料,因识别位点容易被包埋导致其吸附容量小、吸附-脱附速率低,而表面离子印迹技术则是采用模板离子和聚合单体直接在载体表面或附近区域构筑选择性识别位点,所有活性位点均暴露,从而有效地解决了上述问题。本文从技术原理与合成原料、制备工艺方法以及载体材料类型等方面对表面印迹聚合物吸附材料近期研究进展情况进行了概述。针对相关研究现状,从载体材料、功能单体、目标离子等角度分析和讨论了表面离子印迹聚合物吸附材料当前发展中的不足及其所面临的挑战,并对表面离子印迹技术发展趋势和前景进行了展望。     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

Liquid crystal polymer-carbon fiber composites. Molecular orientation

The objective of this work has been to study composite systems in which carbon fibers are dispersed in a liquid crystal polymer matrix. The fundamental point of interest here has been the interfacial response that fiber surfaces can potentially induce in self-ordering polymers. The matrix material used was a thermotropic liquid crystal polyester synthesized in our laboratory from the monomers p-acetoxybenzoic acid, diacetoxyhydroquinone, and pimelic acid. The aromatic-aliphatic polymer was characterized by NMR as a chemically disordered polymer of the three structural units which exhibits a nematic phase at temperatures above 150°C. Breadline proton NMR above the solid to liquid crystal transition was used to measure the rate of magnetic alignment of molecules in the matrix and polarized optical microscopy was used to analyze interfacial zones in composite samples. Fiber surfaces were found to influence the orientation and orientational dynamics of a liquid crystal polymer matrix. This was revealed by enhanced rates of magnetic orientation in the polymer melt when carbon fibers are dispersed in the medium. Fiber surfaces were also found to stabilize nematic ordering of the polymer as the melt was heated towards complete isotropization. The phenomena discovered here may originate in the development of zones around fibers with a common molecular orientation anchored by the carbon surface.     

Towards polymer composite reinforced by electrically charged nanoparticles

The article is aimed to engineer strength and elastic modulus of a polymer composite material embedded with electrically charged silica nanoparticles. Ultraviolet radiation was in use to induct an electrical charge at surfaces of the nanoparticles. The specimens were tested under mechanical loading (tensile test). An electron emission by the loaded material surface was detected to indicate beginning of material destruction. The electrically charged nanoparticles embedded into the polymer composite material were able to control its strength and elastic module. An early destruction of the polymer composite (as it was identified because of the electron emission) appeared at ~0.018 of relative elongation, in an elastic deformation range.     

Design and screening of zwitterionic polymer scaffolds for rapid underwater adhesion and long-term antifouling stability

As key components of antifouling material surfaces, the design and screening of polymer molecules grafted on the substrate are critical. However, current experimental and computational models still retain an empirical flavor due to the complex structure of polymers. Here, we report a simple and general strategy that enables multiscale design and screening of easily synthesized functional polymer molecules to address this challenge. Specifically, the required functions of the antifouling material are decomposed and assigned to different modules of the polymer molecules. By designing different modules, a novel bio-inspired polymer with three zwitterionic poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) chains, three catechol (DOPA) anchors (tri-DOPA-PSBMA), and a tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN) scaffold were screened out. Moreover, it was successfully synthesized via an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The excellent performance of tri-DOPA-PSBMA with a versatile and convenient grafting strategy makes it a promising material for marine devices, biomedical devices, and industrial applications.     

Advanced polymer processing technologies for micro- and nanostructured surfaces: A review

Functional surfaces with attractive properties, such as superhydrophobicity and omniphobicity often rely on the synergy between intrinsic material properties and dual scale micro- and nano-hierarchical structures for achieving desired wettability. Historically, engineered liquid repellent surfaces have attracted a great deal of interest from academia and industry due to their broad application prospects. Hence, for several years, there have been significant scientific efforts by researchers exploring state of the art manufacturing technologies that are efficient and yet cost effective to produce functional liquid repellent surfaces at an industrial scale. This technical review summarizes the various advanced and state of the art polymer processing technologies employed to fabricate the micro- and nanostructured polymer surfaces, with a special focus given to superhydrophobic and omniphobic applications. Here, we discuss the merits and limitations of each fabrication methods available for micro- and nanostructuring of polymer-based surfaces. In addition, an attempt has been made to provide insight into the relationship between geometry of micro/nanostructures (size and shape) and intrinsic wettability on liquid repellency. A special section has been devoted to feature and document all commercialization efforts, including various commercially available products that were developed in the past decade. Finally, outlook and the development trend in the polymer micro- and nanostructured surfaces are highlighted to lead future research.     

Acid-Base Interactions in Adhesion: The Characterization of Surfaces & Interfaces by XPS

The consideration of acid-base interactions now plays an important role in the field of adhesion science. In this paper we describe ways in which the surface specificity of XPS can be employed to gauge the acidity or basicity of inorganic and organic surfaces, using a number of novel preparation methods. The methods described rely on the interaction of probe species, in either the gas, liquid or solid phase with the material of interest. For the determination of the properties of inorganic surfaces we describe ways in which the IEPS (isoelectric point of the solid surface) of hydroxylated iron surfaces can be determined by XPS used in conjunction with an ion exchange method. For polymer surfaces we show how the diffusion of Na⁺ from a soda-lime glass substrate provides an indicator of polymer acidity and illustrate how solvent vapour uptake contains valuable information relating to polymer acidity and acid-base adduct formation. Finally we indicate the manner in which XPS can be used to identify molecular reorientation at the polymer/inorganic interface, which is readily explained in terms of acid-base interactions.     

HIPS/PPO共混物拉伸和冲击断裂面的电镜观察

研究了高冲击强度聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/聚苯醚(PPO)共混物断面3个特征区的形貌特征及形成机制,分析了它们对材料力学性能的影响。     

Adhesion Through Silane Coupling Agents

From a study of silane coupling agents in reinforced plastics, a general mechanism of adhesion to hydrophilic mineral surfaces has been devised. According to this theory, adhesion of polymers to dissimilar surfaces is described as a dynamic equilibrium of making and breaking of adhesion bonds between polymer segments and the surface through the agency of a low molecular weight material—usually water. A dynamic equilibrium at the interface allows relaxation of thermal stresses. Water resistance results from a favorable equilibrium toward bonding through polar groups in the polymer. Silanol groups generally give optimum bonding to hydrophilic mineral surfaces.

Such a dynamic mechanism of adhesion not only explains many complex adhesion problems of plastics to mineral surfaces, but also is compatible with the adhesion of ice, barnacles and tooth plaque to surfaces in an aqueous environment and with the requirements for rubber reinforcement by finely divided particulate fillers.     

Surface modification of ethylene copolymers moulded against different mould surfaces-1. Surface enrichment by functional groups

A polymer surface chemical composition can be changed by the influence of different environments. Results presented from this study show that the surface of the mould influences the outermost polymer surface by enriching it with specific functional groups. This was done by moulding random copolymers against polymer films with low and high surface energies. The values presented are interpreted in terms of differences in surface energy between the mould surface and the copolymer. The random copolymers used were poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate) (EVA) and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), both with a different comonomer content. The copolymers were moulded in contact with mould surfaces made of polymer films which were perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The resultant surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) and contact angle measurements The surface content of acrylic acid functional groups increased in the case of EAA copolymer moulded against PET, and decreased when moulded against FEP as compared to the bulk concentration. EVA copolymers were found to be enriched in acetate groups when moulded against FEP and deficient when moulded against PET. The contact angle measurements together with the XPS measurements showed significant differences between materials moulded in contact with low and high energy surfaces. A low molecular weight additive (an internal release agent), in an EVA copolymer, was found to be enriched at the moulded polymer surface when a PET film was used as mould surface. A material transfer was also found to occur from the solid polymer films to the moulded polymer surface.