C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥的水化及其水化产物

本文通过X-射线和扫描电镜研究了C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥的水化及水化产物。结果表明：C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥的主要水化产物基本与贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的水化产物相同;不同之处在于C3S矿物的快速水化,C3S型硫铝酸盐水泥水化6 h后就可见水化C-S-H和Ca（OH）2。而Ca（OH）2的出现和存在,则促进了的水化,并影响着钙矾石的形貌和水泥的性能。     

硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥复配性能研究

基于硫铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥各自的特点,研究了二者复配后的标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、水化热效应、胶砂强度、膨胀性、水化产物的物相及微观形貌。结果表明,复配水泥的标准稠度用水量因复配比例不同而变化,凝结时间相对于占主导地位的单组分水泥明显缩短;复配水泥的早期水化速率得到提高,1d、7d的水化放热量均低于占主导地位的单组分水泥;28d抗压、抗折强度低于任何单组分水泥;膨胀性的大小取决于两种水泥的复配比例;硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥的复配使二者的水化相互促进,随着硫铝酸盐水泥掺量的增加,Ca(OH)2相的衍射峰减弱,AFt相的衍射峰增强;纯硅酸盐水泥水化后的微观形貌是致密的,而与硫铝酸盐水泥复配后则出现微观裂纹。     

硫硅酸钙对粉煤灰水泥体系性能的影响

硫硅酸钙是硫铝酸盐水泥熟料煅烧过程中形成的一种过渡性矿物,该矿物在Al(OH)4-存在条件下活性可得以有效激发,本文研究了硫硅酸钙对粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥体系凝结时间、强度的影响规律,并对水泥体系7d水化产物进行了XRD分析.结果表明,当硫硅酸钙掺量为5％时,水泥初凝、终凝时间稍微延长,当硫硅酸钙的掺量大于5％时,粉煤灰水泥体系的初凝、终凝时间显著低于未掺粉煤灰的水泥体系;硫硅酸钙5％掺量下可显著提高粉煤灰水泥体系的早期、后期强度,当硫硅酸钙掺量为15％时,水泥强度有所降低;从水化产物的微观分析来看,硫硅酸钙适宜的掺加促进了水泥矿物的水化以及水化产物钙矾石的形成,并且在粉煤灰掺入后,水化产物的形成量增加更加明显.     

氢氧化钙对硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化影响

通过凝结时间、抗压强度和电阻率等分析手段,研究了Ca(OH)2对硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化过程的影响.结果表明,掺入Ca(OH)2明显缩短了硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的凝结时间;当Ca(OH)2掺量为0.5%时,初凝时间最短,1 d、28 d强度均明显提高;当Ca(OH)2的掺量为2%时,28 d强度相比空白样提高了61.9%;掺入Ca(OH)2后,硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的1 d电阻率减小,随着Ca(OH)2掺量增大,电阻率逐渐减小,电阻率变化率极大值提前,说明Ca(OH)2加快了该复合胶凝材料的早期水化进程.XRD分析表明,掺入Ca(OH)2后,水化1 d时钙矾石的生成量增多,消耗无水硫铝酸钙的量增多;水化28 d时钙矾石的生成量相对变化较小,但强度明显增大,粉煤灰对硫铝酸盐水泥强度的贡献较为明显.     

掺煅烧石膏水泥早期水化过程的研究

利用DTA，XRD，IR测定水泥水化浆体的化学结合水和Ca(OH)2的生成量，研究了煅烧石膏，二水石膏对硅酸盐水泥早期水化过程的影响。结果表明：在水化龄期相同时，掺煅烧石膏水泥浆体中水化产物同掺二水石膏相比，Ca(OH)2生成量大；在1d前无钙钒石（AFt)生成，结合水量在1d前，前者高于后者，而1d后则相反。指出了煅烧石膏加快水泥水化产物形成的机理在于：由于它的溶解度较低，在水泥水化初期（1d前），存在于水泥中的铝酸盐相不能形成AFt，从而减缓了AFt对水泥水化的延缓作用，加速了整个熟料矿物相的水化。     

改善石灰石硅酸盐水泥耐腐蚀性能的研究

探讨了在一定浓度的MgSO4溶液中，一定温度环境下石灰石硅酸盐水泥受侵过程，采用矿渣微粉部分替代石灰石微粉或水泥可以延迟或阻止侵蚀反应，对水泥石定期目测观察，并对某些样品进行XRD和DSC分析，证实侵蚀产物为水化碳硫硅酸钙，Ca(OH)2参与侵蚀反应，揭示了矿渣微粉提高石灰石硅盐盐水泥耐硫酸盐溶液侵蚀的机理。     

粉煤石改善石灰石硅酸盐水泥耐硫酸盐侵蚀的机理

探讨了石灰石硅酸盐水泥在低温和一定浓度MgSO4 溶液中的侵蚀过程。采用粉煤灰部分替代石灰石微粉或水泥来阻止侵蚀反应或延缓反应速度 ,并提高石灰石硅酸盐水泥的强度。对净浆试样定期目测观察 ,并用XRD物相鉴定方法对某些样品进行物相鉴定 ,证实侵蚀物质为水化碳硫硅酸钙 ,同时证实Ca(OH ) 2 参与了侵蚀反应 ,进一步明确了粉煤灰改善石灰石硅酸盐水泥耐硫酸盐溶液侵蚀的机理     

磷渣硅酸盐水泥的缓凝产物及改性研究

为确定磷渣硅酸盐水泥的缓凝产物,将硅酸盐熟料粉末与磷渣各自在去离子水中浸泡5h并过滤,再将溶液混合后静置12h获得羟基磷灰石Ca5(PO4)3OH沉淀,由于羟基磷灰石的生成覆盖在水泥颗粒表面,阻碍了水化反应,从而导致磷渣硅酸盐水泥的缓凝;另外,通过掺加5％的硫铝酸盐水泥,能较大程度缓解磷渣硅酸盐水泥的缓凝特征,同时还能提高水泥3d和28d抗压强度.     

羟基磷灰石和贝壳对水泥水化和抗侵蚀性能的影响

沿海水泥混凝土工程长期受到腐蚀,很难达到预期服役寿命.本文分析其中的原因,希望采用水泥混凝土表面生长海洋生物的方法来抵抗腐蚀.研究羟基磷灰石、贝壳和碳酸钙对硅酸盐42.5R水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响.结果表明:硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥中掺人适萤的羟基磷灰石、贝壳和碳酸钙时,其抗侵蚀系数有一定程度增加.当硫铝酸盐水泥中碳酸钙掺量为10%时,其抗侵蚀系数为1.16,硅酸盐水泥中碳酸钙掺量为15%时,其抗侵蚀系数达到1.34,抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力最强.硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥中掺入羟基磷灰石时,其水化放热量比掺碳酸钙和掺贝壳的水化放热量低,且在硅酸盐水泥中掺入混合材料后,水泥的水化放热量低于硅酸盐的水化放热量,这有利于提高水泥混凝土工程的耐久性.     

硫铝酸锶钙矿物的研究

以硫铝酸盐水泥的主要矿物的硫铝酸钙(C4A3)为基础,用Sr2+对C4A3中的Ca2+进行取代,合成了新的水泥矿物——硫铝酸锶钙系列,研究了该系列矿物试样煅烧后的强度发展规律。结果表明:硫铝酸锶钙系列矿物试样经1300℃煅烧后的抗压强度明显高于硫铝酸钙,抗压强度最大的矿物组成为Ca1.50Sr2.50A3,其3d和28d抗压强度分别为76.6MPa和89.6MPa,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和差热分析仪等对熟料的形成和水化机理进行了初步分析,发现硫铝酸锶钙矿物水化产物主要是钙钒石(AFt),水化铝酸一钙(CAH10),Ca(OH)2以及Al2O3(aq)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.