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1.
Jazia Sriti Wissem Aidi Wannes Thierry Talou Baya Mhamdi Muriel Cerny Brahim Marzouk 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(4):395-400
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds were harvested from the region of Korba (North-East Tunisia) in order to characterize their fatty acids, phytosterols,
tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) profiles. Nine fatty acids, with petroselinic acid accounting for 76.6% of the total
fatty acids, followed by linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, accounting for 13.0, 5.4 and 3.4%, respectively, of the total
fatty acids were identified. Neutral lipids (NLs) were mainly composed of triacylglycerols (98.4%). Polar lipids were mainly
composed of phosphatidylcholine as the major phospholipid (PL) subclass, whereas digalactosyldiacylglycerol was the major
galactolipid (GL). Total sterols content was estimated to be 36.93 mg/g oil. Stigmasterol accounted for 29.5% of the total
sterols. Other representative sterols were β-sitosterol, Δ7-stigmasterol and Δ5, 24-stigmastadienol, which accounted for 24.8, 16.3 and 9.2%, respectively. Gamma-tocotrienol was the predominant tocol at
238.40 μg/g seed oil. This was equivalent to 72.8% of the total tocols followed by γ-tocopherol (8.06%) and α-tocopherol (7.6%). 相似文献
2.
M. Charef Mohamed Yousfi M. Saidi P. Stocker 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(10):921-924
The fruits of two plants from Algeria (Quercus and Pistacia lentiscus) were investigated. The paper reports the chemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition of the oil extracts from
the fruits. The black fruits of P. lentiscus has the highest crude fat of 32.8%, followed by the red fruits with 11.7%, and the lowest value of 9% in Quercus (acorn). The acid value was highest in red fruits of P. lentiscus oil (24.0 mg KOH/g), followed by the black fruits oil and lowest in acorn oil. The relatively high iodine value in the oils
indicates the presence of many unsaturated bonds. Saponification value was highest in the Quercus ilex oil (166.7 mg KOH/g), while the lowest value was in the black fruits of P. lentiscus oil. Gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the three dominant fatty acids found are: palmitic C16:0 (16.3–19.5%), oleic
C18:1 (55.3–64.9%), linoleic C18:2 (17.6–28.4%). The oils contain an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids (78.8–83.5%). 相似文献
3.
Paresch Chandra Dutta Seved Helmersson Eshetu Kebedu Getinet Alema Lars-Åke Appelqvist 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(8):839-843
Niger seed samples were collected from different regions in Ethiopia for determination of oil content, and of fatty acid,
tocopherol and sterol composition in the seed oil by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography
methods. There was a large variation in oil content, ranging from 29 to 39%. More than 70% of the fatty acids was linoleic
acid (18∶2) in all samples analyzed. The other predominant fatty acids were palmitic (16∶0), stearic (18∶0) and oleic (19∶1)
at a range of 6 to 11% each. Total polar lipids recovered after preparative thin-layer chromatography comprised a small fraction
of the total lipids. They had higher 16∶0 and lower 18∶2 contents than the triacylglycerols.α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all samples, 94–96% of the total amounting to 630–800 μg/g oil. More than 40%
of the total sterols wasβ-sitosterol,ca. 2000μg/g oil. The other major sterols were campesterol and stigmasterol, ranging from 11 to 14%. The Δ5- and Δ7-avenasterols were
in the range of 4 to 7%. From the samples studied, no conclusion could be drawn regarding the influence of altitude or location
on oil content, tocopherol and/or sterol contents. The results of the present study on niger seed oil are discussed in comparison
with known data for common oils from Compositae,viz, safflower and sunflower. 相似文献
4.
Temperature effects on fatty acid composition during development of low-linolenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of temperature during seed development on the fatty acid composition of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was studied in one low-linolenic and one conventional canola cultivar. The cultivar Regent produces seed oil with ∼20%
linoleic acid (C18:2) and ∼8% linolenic acid (C18:3), whereas Stellar is relatively high in C18:2 (∼25%) and low in C18:3
(∼2.5%). Both cultivars were grown in the field, and the fatty acid compositions of the seed oils were monitored throughout
the period of seed development. In the field, the content of saturated (C16:0+C18:0) and monounsaturated (C18:1) fatty acids
in the seed oil increased when seed developed under high temperatures. C18:3 levels were higher in seed harvested at sites
with lower average daily temperatures. The low C18:3 trait of the cultivar Stellar was relatively stable over environments.
Both temperature and duration of exposure to the temperature during seed development affected the fatty acid composition of
the seed in a controlled environment study. Plants subjected to a high-temperature treatment (30/25°C day/night) for 40 d
produced seed with the lowest C18:3 content and the highest levels of C16:0+C18:0 and C18:1. This was observed in both cultivars. 相似文献
5.
C. Bertoli L. B. Fay M. Stancanelli D. Gumy P. Lambelet 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(8):1037-1040
The fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol content, and oxidative stability of petroleum benzene-extracted Gevuina avellana Mol (Proteaceae) seed oil were determined. Positional isomers of monounsaturated fatty acids were elucidated by gas chromatography-electron
impact mass spectrometry after 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatization. This stable oil (Rancimat induction period
at 110°C: 20 h) is composed of more than 85% monounsaturated fatty acids and about equal amounts (6%) of saturated and polyunsaturated
(principally linoleic) fatty acids. Unusual positional isomers of monounsaturated fatty acids, i.e., C16:1 Δ11, C18:1 Δ12, C20:1 Δ11, C20:1 Δ15, C22:1 Δ17, and presumably C22:1 Δ19 were identified. The C18:1 Δ12 and C22:1 Δ19 fatty acids are described for the first time in G. avellana seed oil. While only minute quantities of α-, γ-tocopherols and β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols were found, the oil contained a
substantial amount of α-tocotrienol (130 mg/kg). The potential nutritional value of G. avellana seed oil is discussed on the basis of its composition. 相似文献
6.
Razia Sultana Rubina Saleem Nighat Sultana Farhana Afshan Tahsin Gulzar 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(6):1021-1027
Caesalpinia bonducella is an oilseed that is indigenous to Pakistan. The hexane-extracted oil content from the seed kernel was 17.3 ± 1.0% DM (dry matter). The proximate analysis of C. bonducella seed estimated protein, fiber and ash contents to be 20.8 ± 1.4, 5.3 ± 1.0 and 4.6 ± 0.8%, respectively. Trace metals were determined comparable to commonly consumed legume seeds. α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol ranging from 345.10 to 460.21 mg/kg of oil, followed by γ- and δ-tocopherol. The major sterols were β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, Δ5-avenasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol and Δ7 avenasterol. The kernel oil was found to contain a high level of linoleic acid (72.7 ± 1.0%) followed by oleic, stearic and palmitic acids. The high percentage of linoleic acid revealed that this oil is a potential source for the manufacture of cosmetics, paints, varnishes, soaps, liquid soaps and other products including biodiesel. These investigations suggest that C. bonducella oil is potentially an important dietary source of essential fatty acids and protein which could be employed for edible and commercial applications in various industries of Pakistan. 相似文献
7.
Leaves from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were assayed to determine if the relationship between temperature and relative fatty acid composition
observed in the seed oil also existed for the triglycerides in the leaf oil. Leaf samples were harvested from eight soybean
lines (A5, A6, C1640, Century, Maple Arrow, N78-2245, PI 123440 and PI 361088B) grown at 40/30,28/22 and 15/ 12°C day/night.
At 40/30 and 28/22°C, seven fatty acids were observed at a level greater than 1.0%. These included the five major fatty acids
found in the seed oil: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acid; plus two
fatty acids that had retention times the same as palmitoleic (16:1) and γ-linolenic (18:3 g) acid. In addition, an eighth
fatty acid that had a retention time the same as behenic (22:0) acid was found in the leaves of all lines at 15/12°C. Palmitic,
palmitoleic and stearic acid content did not differ significantly over temperatures. The oleic and linoleic acid content were
each highest at 15/12°C, while the γ-linolenic and the linolenic acid content were each highest at 40/30°C. The fatty acid
composition of the triglyceride portion of the leaf oil did not display the same pattern over temperatures as that observed
for seed oil. 相似文献
8.
We examined the effect of diet on gallstone incidence and the composition of biliary phosphatidylcholines in methyltestosterone-treated
female hamsters. These hamsters were fed a nutritionally adequate purified lithogenic diet containing 2% corn oil, 4% butterfat,
0.3% cholesterol, and 0.05% methyltestosterone, resulting in a cholesterol gallstone incidence of 86%. This incidence was
lowered when mono-and polyunsaturated fats or fatty acids were added to the diet: 2.5% oleic acid resulted in total prevention
of cholesterol cholelithiasis, 2.5% linoleic acid, and 4% safflower oil (78% linoleic acid content) reduced gallstone incidence
to 26 and 8%, respectively. An additional 4% butterfat (29% oleic acid content) produced gallstones in 50% of the animals.
At the end of the 6-wk feeding period, the bile of all hamsters was supersaturated with cholesterol. The major biliary phosphatidylcholine
species in all groups were (sn-1-sn-2): 16:0–18:2, 16:0–18:1, 18:0–18:2, 16:0–20:4, and 18:2–18:2. The safflower oil-and linoleic acidfed hamsters exhibited
an enrichment of 16:0–18:2 (16–18%); added butterfat or oleic acid increased the proportion of 16:0–18:1 (9 and 25%, respectively).
We conclude that the phosphatidylcholine molecular species in female hamster bile can be altered by dietary fats/fatty acids
and that mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in suppressing the induced cholelithiasis. 相似文献
9.
Partially hydrogenated marine oils containing 18∶1-, 20∶1- and 22∶1-isomers and partially hydrogenated peanut oil containing
18∶1-isomers were fed as 24–28 wt % of the diet with or without supplement of linoleic acid. Reference groups were fed peanut,
soybean, or rapeseed oils with low or high erucic acid content. Dietary monoene isomers reduced the conversion of linoleic
acid into arachidonic acid and the deposition of the latter in liver and heart phosphatidylcholine. This effect was more pronounced
for the partially hydrogenated marine oils than for the partially hydrogenated peanut oil. The content oftrans fatty acids in liver phospholipids was similar in groups fed partially hydrogenated fats. The distribution of various phospholipids
in heart and liver was unaffected by the dietary fat. The decrease in deposition of arachidonic acid in rats fed partially
hydrogenated marine oils was shown in vitro to be a consequence of lower Δ6-desaturase activity rather than an increase in
the peroxisomal β-oxidation of arachidonic acid. The lower amounts of arachidonic acid deposited may be a result of competition
in the Δ6-desaturation not only from the C22-and C20-monoenoic fatty acids originally present in the partially hydrogenated
marine oil, but also from C18- and C16-monoenes produced by peroxisomal β-oxidation of the long-chain fatty acids.
Part of this work was presented at the ISF-AOCS Congress, New York City, 1980. 相似文献
10.
Ali Khoddami Hasanah M. Ghazali Ali Yassoralipour Yogeshini Ramakrishnan Ali Ganjloo 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(4):533-540
The physicochemical properties of crude Nigella seed (Nigella sativa L.) oil which was extracted using Soxhlet, Modified Bligh–Dyer and Hexane extraction methods were determined. The effect of
different extraction methods which includes different parameters, such as temperature, time and solvent on the extraction
yield and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that temperature, different solvents
and extraction time had the most significant effect on the yield of the Nigella oil extracts. The fatty acid (FA) compositions
of Nigella seed oil were further analyzed by gas chromatography to compare the extraction methods. The C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2
have been identified to be the dominant fatty acids in the Nigella seed oils. However, the main triacylglycerol (TAG) was
LLL followed by OLL and PLL. The FA and TAG content showed that the composition of the Nigella seed oil extracted by different
methods was mostly similar, whereas relative concentration of the identified compounds were apparently different according
to the extraction methods. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the oil extracted by Soxhlet were −2.54 and −55.76 °C,
respectively. The general characteristics of the Nigella seed oil obtained by different extraction methods were further compared.
Where the Soxhlet extraction method was considered to be the optimum process for extracting Nigella seed oil with a higher
quality with respect to the other two processes. 相似文献
11.
Nongnuch Sutivisedsak Bryan R. Moser Brajendra K. Sharma Roque L. Evangelista Huai N. Cheng William C. Lesch Robert R. Tangsrud Atanu Biswas 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(2):193-200
Four common beans (black, kidney, great northern, and pinto) were extracted with hexane and found to contain about 2% triacylglycerols.
The fatty acids in these bean oils were mainly linolenic (41.7–46 wt%), linoleic (24.1–33.4 wt%), palmitic (10.7–12.7 wt%)
and oleic (5.2–9.5 wt%). Because of the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the bean oils had iodine values between
174 and 177 g/100 g (compared to 130 g/100 g for soybean oil). Yet, the bean oils exhibited high oxidative stability due to
the presence of high amounts of tocopherols (2,670–2,970 ppm). The bean oils had lower pour points (−18 to −11 °C) compared
to −9 °C for soybean oil. Among the four bean oils, kidney bean oil had the highest acid value (15.4 mg KOH/g) and kinematic
viscosities over a wide range of temperatures. 相似文献
12.
A cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis extraplastidic linoleate desaturase (FAD3) was overexpressed in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis and in a mutant line that accumulates high levels of oleic acid. In the transformed wild-type plants, linolenic acid (18:3Δ9,12,15)
increased from 19% to nearly 40% of total seed fatty acids, with a corresponding decrease in linoleate content (18:2Δ9,12).
In the high oleate mutant, a large increase in the level of a fatty acid identified by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry
as mangiferic acid (18:2Δ9,15) was observed. The results demonstrate that the polymethylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acid,
mangiferic acid, can be produced in seed oil through the overexpression of a fatty acid n-3 desaturase.
相似文献
Mark A. SmithEmail: |
13.
R. L. Logan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(11):777A-779A
About 1949, with the advent of effective fractional distillation, the tall oil industry came of age, and tall oil fatty acids
(TOFA), generally any product containing 90% or more fatty acids and 10% or less of rosin, have grown in annual volume ever
since, until they amount to 398.8 million pounds annual production in the U.S. in 1978. Crude tall oil is a byproduct of the
Kraft process for producing wood pulp from pine wood. Crude tall oil is about 50% fatty acids and 40% rosin acids, the remainder
unsaps and residues; actually, a national average recovery of about 1–2% of tall oil is obtained from wood. On a pulp basis,
each ton of pulp affords 140–220 pounds black liquor soaps, which yields 70–110 pounds crude tall oil, yielding 30–50 pounds
of TOFA. Separative and upgrading technology involves: (a) recovery of the tall oil; (b) acid refining; (c) fractionation
of tall oil; and occasionally (d) conversion to derivatives. TOFA of good quality and color of Gardner 2 corresponds to above
97% fatty acids with the composition of 1.6% palmitic & stearic acid, 49.3% oleic acid, 45.1% linoleic acid, 1.1% miscellaneous
acids, 1.2% rosin acids, and 1.7% unsaponifiables. 相似文献
14.
Uptake and metabolism of saturated (16∶0, 18∶0) and unsaturated [18∶1(n−9), 18∶2(n−6), 18∶3(n−3)] fatty acids by cultured
epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi were studied. Between 17.5 and 33.5% of the total radioactivity of [1-14C]labeled fatty acids initially added to the culture medium was incorporated into the lipids ofT. cruzi and mostly choline and ethanolamine phospholipids. As demonstrated by argentation thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography
and ozonolysis of the fatty acids synthesized, exogenous palmitic acid was elongated to stearic acid, and the latter was desaturated
to oleic acid and 18∶2 fatty acid. The 18∶2 fatty acid was tentatively identified as linoleic acid with the first bond in
the Δ9 position and the second bond toward the terminal methyl end. Exogenous stearic acid was also desaturated to oleic and
18∶2 fatty acid, while oleic acid was only converted into 18∶2. All of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids investigated
were also converted to a small extent (2–4%) into polyunsaturated fatty acids. No radioactive aldehyde methyl ester fragments
of less than nine carbon atoms were detected after ozonolysis of any of the fatty acids studied. These results demonstrate
the existence of Δ9 and either Δ12 or Δ15 desaturases, or both, inT. cruzi and suggest that Δ6 desaturase or other desaturases of the animal type are likely absent in cultured forms of this organism. 相似文献
15.
A. Emil Zahira Yaakob M. N. Satheesh Kumar J. M. Jahim J. Salimon 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2010,87(6):689-695
The jatropha oil was extracted from the jatropha seeds collected from different origins viz., Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.
The physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, percentage free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value, saponification
value and peroxide value of the extracted jatropha seed oil were evaluated. The evaluation of fatty acid composition using
gas chromatography (GC) revealed that, oleic (42.4–48.8%) and linoleic acid (28.8–34.6%) are the dominant fatty acids present
in the jatropha seed oil. The saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acid lie in the range 13.25–14.5 and 7–7.7%,
respectively. The observed major triacylglycerol (TAG) composition was OOL (22.94–25.75%) and OLL (15.52–20.77%). 相似文献
16.
Folahan O. Ayorinde Boddy D. Butler Marcella T. Clayton 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(11):844-845
A percolation extraction ofVernonia galamensis seed, affording 38.6% of crude vernonia oil is described. The dark colored crude oil was degummed with water, treated with
activated charcoal and bleached with a neutral agent, to give a light colored oil (Lovibond: 0.9 red, 3.5 yellow). Gas chromatographic/mass
spectrometric analysis of the refined oil indicates a relative fatty acid composition of 79–81% vernolic (cis-12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic) acid, 11–12% linoleic acid, 4–6% oleic acid, 2–3% stearic acid, 2–4% palmitic acid, and a trace amount of
arachidic acid. 相似文献
17.
Bahram Fathi-Achachlouei Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(7):643-649
In this study, fatty acids, phytosterol classes and tocopherols composition of Milk thistle seeds oil were determined at four
varieties grown in Ardebil-Iran. The four varieties consisted of two modified foreign varieties—Budakalaszi (originally from
Hungary) and the CN-seed variety (originally from England) and two native varieties, namely Khoreslo and Babak Castle. The
oil content of the seeds ranged from 26 to 31%. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid had the highest percentage (50–54%)
followed by oleic acid (23–29%) and palmitic acid (7–8%). This is the first detailed report on the phytosterol classes of
milk thistle seeds oil. The 4-Desmethylsterol class was predominant (1,800–2,200 μg/g) followed by 4,4′-dimethylsterols (50–85 μg/g)
and 4-monomethylsterols (26–35 μg/g). The α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols ranged from 187 to 465, 10 to 51, 9 to 12, and 18
to 80 μg/g oil, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the extracted oil from milk thistle seeds are rich in essential
fatty acids, sterols and vitamin E and can be an attractive candidate for use in food preparation mixed with other vegetable
oils or alone. 相似文献
18.
Srinivasa Mohan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(10):1017-1019
Baccaurea courtallensis Muell. Arg., a moderately sized evergreen tree of the Euphorbiaceae, is endemic to Western Ghats. Its fruits are edible,
sour in taste, and contain 2–4 seeds. The native residents harvest the fruits for their medicinal value and for pickling.
The seed weight is 0.28 g or 1.0 kg contains 3,500 seeds with a seed coat. The fruit to seed weight ratio is 34:1. Virtually,
no work on the chemistry of the seeds or fruit of the species has been reported. Seeds of the species contain 22.5% oil on
a dry kernel weight basis. Analysis of the composition of the oil revealed two major fatty acids palmitic acid (42.59%) and
oleic acid (36.15%). Stearic acid content was 16.20% and myristic acid was 4.28% of the oil. Two minor acids present were
lauric acid (0.40%) and linoleic acid (0.38%) and also including traces of linolenic acid. Physico-chemical properties of
the oil showed an acid value of 1.402, a saponification value of 166.89, a refractive index of 0.4239, a specific gravity
of −0.938, and an optical rotation of α at 29 °C + 0.35° (λ = 589 nm). 相似文献
19.
This study investigates the effect of various dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) profiles on plasma lipid parameters and tissue
fatty acid composition in rats. The experiment was designed to monitor polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels, while examining
different amounts and types of SFA. Four isocaloric diets were prepared, containing 10–11 mol% of fatty acids (FA) as linoleic
acid (LNA) and 2.5 mol% as α-linolenic acid (ALA), leading to an identical and well-balanced LNA/ALA ratio. The initial rapeseed
oil/corn oil mixture providing ALA and LNA was enriched with olive oil to prepare the olive oil diet. The butterfat diet was
supplemented with butterfat, containing short-chain SFA (C4:0–C10:0, 17 mol% of FA), lauric acid (C12:0, 3.2 mol%), myristic
acid (C14:0, 10.5 mol%) and palmitic acid (C16:0, 14.5 mol%). The saturates diet was supplemented with trilaurin, trimyristin
and tripalmitin to obtain the same level of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids as the butterfat diet, without the short-chain
SFA. The trimyristin diet was enriched with trimyristin only. The results showed that the butterfat diet contributed to specific
effects, compared to the olive oil diet and the saturates and trimyristin diets: a decrease in plasma total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol,
higher tissue storage of ALA and LNA, and a higher level of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids in some tissues. This study
supports the hypothesis that in diets with identical well-balanced LNA/ALA ratios, short chain SFA may decrease circulating
cholesterol and increase tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the rat. 相似文献
20.
Maylet Hernández-Martínez Tzayhri Gallardo-Velázquez Guillermo Osorio-Revilla 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(10):1485-1495
In this study, the fatty acid profile of 42 margarines marketed in Mexico was identified and quantified including the total
trans fatty acids (TFA). The ratio of the sum of cholesterol-lowering fatty acids CLFA (cis-oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids) to the sum of cholesterol-raising fatty acids CRFA (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, TFA)
and the ω6/ω3 ratio were calculated to evaluate the nutritional quality of the margarine samples. The results showed that
the high content of C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 fatty acids in some samples indicated the use of coconut and palm oils instead
of partially hydrogenated fatty acids in order to decreased TFA content. Of the samples, 33% had less than 1 g/100 g of fat
which could be considered as “free from TFA” according to the Danish Legislation. The ω6/ω3 ratio ranged between 5.85:1 and
25.85:1, the ideal relation being 5–10:1. The CLFA/CRFA ranged from 0.46 to 3.10, being the recommended ratio as high as possible.
Of the 42 margarines, only five samples had an acceptable fatty acid profile, that is, low TFA and saturated fatty acids,
high monounsaturated fatty acids content and adequate ω6/ω3 and CLFA/CRFA ratios. 相似文献