齿轮钢20CrMoNb奥氏体晶粒尺寸及相变行为

在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上对20CrMoNb齿轮钢进行了不同温度处理以及连续冷却相变实验,使用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及膨胀曲线方法研究了齿轮钢20CrMoNb加热时奥氏体晶粒尺寸变化及连续冷却相变行为.实验结果表明,加热温度在1050℃以下时,奥氏体晶粒细小;超过此温度,NbC粒子数量因溶解而大大降低,对晶界的钉扎作用消失,奥氏体晶粒急剧粗化.20CrMoNb齿轮钢含有一定量的Mo、Nb元素,奥氏体比较稳定,出现先共析铁素体与珠光体的冷速很小.     

V-Ti钢热变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变行为

为研究V—Ti微合金钢热变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变行为,在对V—Ti徽合金钷进行Gleeble3800热模拟后,建立了连续冷却转变曲线（CCT图）,探讨了变形量和高温停留对CCT曲线和相变组织的影响．研究表明：变形量的增大,促进了先共析铁素体和珠光体转变,使其孕育期缩短,一定程度上也促进了高冷速下的贝氏体转变,但使低冷速下的贝氏体转变受阻;马氏体转变温度的降低说明变形量的增大在一定程度上使马氏体相变受阻;变形后若高温停留,组织发生静态回复,对扩散型相变的先共析铁素体和珠光体转变以及半扩散型相变的贝氏体转变均不利,使先共析铁素体转变量和珠光体转变量都有相对减少,而对马氏体转变影响不大．     

深冷处理对20CrMnTi钢渗碳齿轮硬度和残余奥氏体评定的影响

２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢渗碳齿轮最表层硬度偏低,系残余奥氏体量过多所致。通过深冷处理可使部分残余奥氏体转变成马氏体,从而提高了表面硬度,对金相法评定残余奥氏体的局限性进行了探讨。     

P92钢奥氏体化后的冷却方式对650℃时效组织及硬度稳定性的影响

采用扫描电镜二次电子/背散射成像模式(SEM-SE/BSE)、能谱分析(EDS)和复相分离技术(MPST)研究P92钢试样于1060℃/1h奥氏体化后以不同方式冷却(空冷/置炉门口冷:缓冷)经760℃/2h回火(空冷)后再经650℃时效后的组织及硬度的稳定性。结果表明:P92钢时效后的显微组织均为基体相与析出相(M₂₃C_6相和Laves相);奥氏体化后冷却方式对650℃时效后组织及试样硬度有明显影响:缓冷时效试样的析出总量大而硬度低,且Laves相的体积分数/颗粒粗化倾向明显较大,M₂₃C_6相体积分数较小;在650℃时效1000h和3000h期间,空/缓冷时效试样的硬度基本不变/下降;此外,650℃时效试样组织及硬度的稳定性与过冷奥氏体及马氏体的稳定性有关。因此,工业现场管道奥氏体化后应尽快散热。     

奥氏体化条件对675装甲钢中马氏体相变的影响

利用高分辨热膨胀仪,结合显微组织分析,研究了奥氏体化过程中奥氏体化加热温度和保温时间两个重要参数对675装甲钢快速冷却中马氏体相变的影响,包括原奥氏体晶粒尺寸、马氏体显微组织形态和马氏体相变点(Ms)。结果表明:奥氏体化温度对原奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响程度远大于保温时间;奥氏体化过程中,675装甲钢中钒微合金碳化物(V4C3)在大约1000℃能全部溶入到奥氏体中,从而失去钉扎奥氏体晶界的作用,致使晶粒开始粗化;随原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大,快速冷却得到的马氏体尺寸迅速增大,表现出对原奥氏体晶粒的组织遗传现象;马氏体相变点(Ms)受到奥氏体晶粒尺寸和钒微合金碳化物向奥氏体中溶解程度两个因素综合作用。     

预先冷变形对09SiMnCrMo钢临界区奥氏体化过程的影响

举文研究了09SiMnCrMo 钢预先冷变形组织在临界区加热时的奥氏体化过程。结果表明,临界区奥氏体化过程可分为二个阶段,冷变形使第一阶段提前,使第二阶段奥氏体含量出现一个超出其平衡量的最大值。温度的不同会导致奥氏体形核、铁素体再结晶以及珠光体内渗碳体的球化发生先后变化。     

高氮奥氏体钢的塑性加工变形特性研究进展

在钢铁材料中加入一定量的氮元素所制备的高氮钢往往具有优异的力学性能和化学性能.自从氮元素被视为有益元素大量加入钢铁材料中以来,人们对高氮钢的研究主要集中在以下几点:(1)氮元素可以有效替代镍元素来扩大奥氏体相区,提高钢中奥氏体的稳定性;(2)提高材料的可加工性/成形性,使强塑性协调;(3)第二相析出对材料的强化以及失稳的影响,高氮马氏体钢沉淀硬化等.高氮奥氏体钢优良的综合性能在很大程度上取决于氮元素以固溶态存在于奥氏体FCC结构的八面体间隙中,但是高氮钢在热处理过程中,氮、碳元素往往会和材料中的其他合金元素形成第二相析出物,而多数析出产物对高氮钢的热加工性能有着较大的负面影响.为此,人们探索了大量工艺手段并加以改善,涉及第二相析出的探究、热变形模拟实验以及实验室热轧工艺探究,取得了丰硕成果.氮在钢中短程有序排布和降低层错能的特点,使高氮奥氏体钢具有较高的加工硬化指数.同时,高氮奥氏体钢具有常规奥氏体钢不常见的韧脆转变行为,韧脆转变温度随氮含量的增加而升高,极易导致高氮奥氏体钢在冷加工时处于脆性区域.针对这一问题,研究者提出了各种解决办法以及相应的理论解释,但各种说法各具特色,争议较大,有待进一步研究.本文归纳了高氮奥氏体钢的塑性加工变形特性,分别介绍了高氮钢的定义、氮元素在钢中的作用以及第二相析出对高氮奥氏体钢热变形的影响,并综述了相关热加工变形研究进展,分析了高氮奥氏体钢冷变形所面临的问题及改善方式,以期为后续的高氮奥氏体钢塑性加工研究提供参考.     

低碳齿轮钢18CrNiMo7-6奥氏体晶粒度长大规律

利用金相实验法研究了低碳齿轮钢18CrNiMo7-6在不同加热条件下奥氏体晶粒的长大行为,建立了Arrhenius奥氏体晶粒长大模型,并利用时间指数对模型进行了优化.结果表明:在1173～1373 K范围内,奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸随着温度的升高及时间的延长而增大,并且对温度的敏感性高于对时间的敏感性,显著粗化温度为1273 K;建立了Arrhenius奥氏体晶粒长大模型D=2.223×106exp[-132086/(RT)]tn,其中激活能Q=132.086 kJ/mol;时间指数n随温度的变化近似服从S型函数,并建立了相关的数学方程式n=0.0775+0.2317/(1+10(1326.73-T)×0.0235),用该方程式对考虑合金元素的Arrhenius方程中的时间指数进行了优化,将优化后由该模型得到的奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸的计算值与实测值进行了对比,结果显示其吻合性较未优化前的模型更好.     

DP1180汽车用双相钢连续冷却转变过程中的相变规律

为研究DP1180汽车用双相钢连续冷却转变过程中的相变特性,对不同冷却速率下的DP1180双相钢试样进行了金相检验及显微硬度测试,绘制了该双相钢的连续冷却转变曲线,并分析了DP1180钢在连续冷却过程中的相变规律.结果表明:对于DP1180汽车用双相钢,其连续冷却转变曲线分为铁素体转变区、贝氏体转变区和马氏体转变区.当...     

一种转子用钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变研究

川膨胀法结合金相法和硬度法测定了一种Cr-Mo—W—V焊接转子钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线（C．C．T．图），根据C．C．T．图分析不同冷却速度下的各种转变、转变温度、时间以及转变后的组织和性能，为该钢种实际生产中制定正确的热处理工艺提供了参考依据。     

热变形对超纯净管线钢组织的影响

研究了成分和热变形对三种低碳微合金管线钢的连续冷却转变(CCT曲线)和组织的影响．结果表明：在含碳量为0．025％的低碳微合金钢中加入0．3％的Mo能推迟铁素体、珠光体转变，扩大针状铁素体(Acicular fenite)形成的冷却速度范围；高碳含量使针状铁素体向板条铁素体(Lath ferrite)转化．热变形使针状铁素体的形成温度区间从400～500℃扩大到450～700℃，显著加速相变过程，使CCT曲线明显向左上方移动，获得针状铁素体的临界冷却速度增加，抑制板条铁素体的形成，有利于获得细的针状铁素体组织，并细化岛状组织，但对残余奥氏体量影响不大。     

奥氏体变形对铌微合金钢贝氏体相变的影响

用Gleeb le-1500热模拟机研究了铌微合金钢奥氏体变形后连续冷却条件下贝氏体相变规律.研究表明,随变形温度的升高,先共析铁素体量较少,贝氏体的板条束变宽.在连续冷却条件下,贝氏体的转变量随变形量的增加而减少,随应变速率的增加而减少,但应变速率对贝氏体转变量的影响随冷却速度的增加而减弱.随着变形后保温时间的延长,奥氏体稳定性增加,在较快冷却条件下转变产物中存在残余奥氏体.     

Observations of dynamic transformation products in a commercially hot-rolled steel

Sufficient evidence has now accumulated to show that dynamic transformation (DT) is a real phenomenon in steels and can take place over a wide range of temperatures in the austenite regime. During plastic deformation, some of the austenite is transformed to ferrite despite austenite being the chemically more stable equilibrium phase. Occurrence of DT has been demonstrated in various laboratory tests but apparently not in commercially hot-rolled steels. In this note, we review some old results on high strength low alloy strip steel that contained microstructural features that appear to have been caused by DT. We deduce that DT occurred early in the rolling schedule, leading to thin-pancaked sheets of ferrite in the final product. The presence of these pre-existing ferrite nuclei frequently gave rise to adjacent regions of coarse polygonal ferrite grains during cooling.     

A study on austenite decomposition during continuous cooling of a low carbon steel

In this work, a model based on the finite element method and assumption of second order phase transformation has been developed to predict temperature history and austenite decomposition kinetics during continuous cooling of a low carbon steel. In order to accurately assess the temperature field and transformation rate the effects of various factors such as work hardening role on the kinetics of transformation, interconnection between austenite phase change and thermo-physical properties of the steel, and initial austenite grain size have been considered in the model. To verify the results of the modelling, time-temperature histories during cooling of a low carbon steel has been determined and microstructural studies have been performed. The comparison between the predictions and the experimental results indicates reliability of the proposed model.     

800MPa级冷轧耐候双相钢连续冷却相变及组织性能研究

为了探索一种800 MPa级冷轧耐候双相钢的连续冷却转变规律及退火后组织性能变化,利用For-master-FⅡ全自动相变仪及连续退火模拟实验机,进行了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线的测定及连续退火实验.结果表明:实验钢的过冷奥氏体在很低的冷却速度(0.5℃/s)下即可发生马氏体转变,而珠光体转变较少.当冷速为80℃/s时,仅发生马氏体转变;退火后实验钢显微组织中的马氏体呈带状分布,经最优工艺退火后实验钢的显微组织为多边形铁素体(79%)+块状马氏体(16%)+细小的残余奥氏体(5%),残余奥氏体主要分布于马氏体晶粒内部或铁素体的晶界处;实验钢屈服强度为387 MPa,抗拉强度为863 MPa,延伸率为18%,强塑积达到15534.     

Q345钢奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT图)

研究了Q345钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体转变过程及转变产物的组织和性能,为制定生产工艺提供参考依据.利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法,得到不同冷却速度连续冷却时的膨胀曲线和相应的金相组织及硬度,用DTA法及膨胀法测定其临界点Ac1、Ac3以及Ms,获得了Q345钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT图).由CCT图和不同冷却速度的显微组织照片可知,当冷却速度比较低时,形成较粗大的块状铁素体和珠光体,当冷却速度大于0.5℃/s时出现贝氏体,形态似针状铁素体,其形成温度在450~600℃左右,当冷却速度大于20℃/s时,发生马氏体转变,马氏体转变点约为400℃.     

Effect of retained austenite stability on cyclic deformation behavior of low‐alloy transformation‐induced plasticity steels

The retained austenite (RA) characteristics of Al‐containing TRIP700 steels have been manipulated using varying bainitic isothermal transformation (BIT) processing. The microstructural evolution was investigated using optical microscopy and quantitative image analysis, while the amount of transformed RA was evaluated with the saturation magnetization (SM) technique. Cyclic behavior is found to depend on the applied strain amplitude and stability of RA. At strain amplitudes with comparable elastic and plastic strain components, cyclic softening prevails, facilitated by more stable RA microstructures and Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) performance benefits from a lower RA stability, which controls the amount of cyclic softening rate. With increasing plastic strain component, a transition to cyclic hardening is observed, and the transition strain increases with increasing RA stability. LCF performance deteriorates because of excessive cyclic strain hardening promoting martensitic transformation. The effect is accompanied by a transition from mixed dimple/cleavage to cleavage‐type fracture characteristics.     

Effect of prior austenite on reversed austenite stability and mechanical properties of low carbon medium manganese steel heavy plate

The effect of prior austenite on reversed austenite stability and mechanical properties of Fe‐0.06C‐0.2Si‐5.5Mn‐0.4Cr (wt.%) annealed steels was elucidated. With the decrease of austenitizing temperature from 1250 °C to 980 °C, the prior austenite changed from complete recrystallization to partial recrystallization, and the average austenite size was reduced. The volume fraction of reversed austenite was increased from 26.32 % to 30.25 % because of high density of grain boundaries and dislocations. The martensite transformation temperature of annealed steels was increased from ～115 °C to ～150 °C, and both of thermal and mechanical stability of reversed were reduced. There was no significant different in tensile properties, however, the impact toughness was enhanced from 100 J to 180 J at ?60 °C. The excellent impact toughness in annealed steel (austenitized at 980 °C) was obtained because of higher density of high misorientation grain boundaries, more volume fraction of reversed austenite and reduced segregation at grain boundaries.