基于层次分析和灰色关联分析法的城市天然气门站安全评价

城市天然气门站安全状况好坏,直接决定了整个城市天然气系统能否正常、平稳运行,为此提出运用层次分析和灰色关联分析法对城市天然气门站进行安全状况分析。通过对天然气门站危险因素的分析,建立了门站安全评价指标体系,运用层次分析法得出评价指标权重,运用灰色关联分析得出参评数据序列与标准数据序列之间的关联度,关联度最大值所对应的标准安全等级,即为天然气门站安全等级,并针对评价结果,给出相应的日常安全工作重点。用该方法对常州天然气门站进行安全评价,得到门站安全等级为Ⅱ级,这与门站实际运行状况相符,说明用该方法对城市天然气门站进行安全评价是有效的、可靠的。能够为城市天然气门站安全管理提供依据。     

工程项目HSE管理与控制

目前国内外新建石化项目趋于大（特大）型化,投资大,设施多,建设周期长,工艺复杂,施工难度大,参与建设单位多,施工队伍技术力量、安全意识参差不齐,这些工程项目特点给施工安全管理带来很大难度。文章在分析工程项目安全管理特点的基础上,介绍了几种先进的安全管理模式。结合中海油惠州炼油项目建设过程中的HSE管理实践,提出了项目安全管理的内容与方法。旨在为大型石化项目建设安全管理提供了一定的借鉴。     

Review of Process Industry Accidents Analysis towards Safety System Improvement and Sustainable Process Design

Risk assessment is the tool for maintaining perfect safety management systems and aiding sustainable process design, with hazard identification as the critical step. This step can be executed by past accidents analysis (PAA) to achieve the mentioned objectives. Despite of available analyses, the recurring of accidents identifies the shortcomings in PAA and requires a detailed examination as reported in this review. The intensified exploration of accident information will strengthen both the safety management system at existing facilities and process designing in terms of sustainability.     

国内外地下储气库安全管理及技术综述

地下储气库能有效缓解天然气需求存在的矛盾,从而确保天然气的正常供应。章介绍了地下储气库的分类和作用,通过对美国、英国、俄罗斯、法国、德国以及我国地下储气库发展现状的分析,指出我国储气库在安全管理及技术方面存在的问题及需要改进的方面,提出国内地下储气库的发展应重视地下储气库的安全管理,加强地下储气库的相关安全技术研发,逐步监督、管理、规范地下储气库的建设与经营。随着中国储气库安全管理和技术的发展和完善,中国能源地下储存必将得到充分的保障。     

Sharing good practice in process safety teaching

The teaching of safety is one of the most important and transferrable subjects in the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum. However, whilst different institutions have a broadly similar approach to educating students in core topics such as transport processes, approaches to safety teaching are somewhat more variable. This paper describes, analyses and reflects on our approach to safety teaching. It was found that not only are the requirements for accreditation of the degree programme by the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) met, but the majority of the IChemE Safety Centre’s (ISC) recommendations are also covered. Student feedback on the 3rd year Safety and Loss Prevention (S&LP) module showed that the course has been consistently well received by the students, pointing to good course structure and coherence being a significant factor. Analysis of the outcomes of the 2020 final examination for S&LP, using Bloom’s taxonomy, supported existing plans to change the mode of assessment of S&LP to a significant coursework project. Finally, plans for a future revision of the S&LP module are presented to serve as one exemplar of good practice in safety teaching, which not only meets the requirements of the accrediting body and industry, but is also enjoyed by students.     

基于可接受区域风险的化工园区安全容量评估模型研究(英文)

The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park (SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level. The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.     

Evaluation model for safety capacity of chemical industrial park based on acceptable regional risk

The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park (SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method bas...     

D—S证据理论在原油码头安全评价中的应用

原油码头安全状况是一个涉及很多因素和多层次结构的非线性系统。针对原油码头安全评价中存在的不确定性问题,为此提出运用D—S证据理论对原油码头进行安全状况分析。通过分析影响原油码头安全的因素,建立了原油码头安全评价指标体系和证据理论模型。实例表明,用D—S证据理论对原油码头进行安全评价是有效的、可靠的。     

油田酸化施工HSE体系的变更管理

在油田生产施工过程中,存在对环境,健康,安全等方面不利的因素。本文主要阐述了HSE管理体系,酸化施工过程中应用HSE管理体系的重要性,以及酸化施工过程选择不同酸液时的HSE体系的变更管理,以增强生产施工过程的安全性。     

浅析现代化工企业安全管理

分析了现代化工企业安全管理方法 ,提出将全面安全管理方法运用到化工生产的各个环节中 ,以提高安全管理水平 ,并达到超前控制事故发生的目的     

催化裂化再生器的安全评定

根据GB/T 19624—2004《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》标准,对在役的催化裂化再生器进行了缺陷检测,并通过缺陷表征、材料性能数据确定和评价计算等技术手段,完成了对所测定的压力容器的安全性评价。     

新时期石油企业安全管理问题及对策研究

当前,社会发展进入十三五新时代,以人为本充分体现了对社会生产中劳动力的强烈关注,因此安全生产是企业得以发展的最基础保证。石油企业作为国民经济的支柱产业,但又是高危行业,安全形势十分严峻。因此安全管理成为石油企业急需深入探究的问题。文章分析了石油企业目前在安全管理方面存在的问题,提出了在安全管理上采取的一些方法和措施。     

Reflections on inherently embedding safety teaching within a chemical engineering programme

The importance and the challenges of teaching safety are widely recognised amongst educators and industry. There are different approaches to teaching safety, from incorporation of safety into every aspect of a degree programme, to focusing all the safety teaching within stand-alone courses, to an integrated approach which simultaneously combines both approaches to varying extents. Effective safety teaching is also dependent on the experience and knowledge of the teaching staff involved and the locational context of the institution. Here, the novel and comprehensive approaches taken to inherently embed safety teaching within a chemical engineering programme, which is part of the wider Integrated Engineering Programme (IEP) teaching framework at UCL’s Faculty of Engineering Sciences, are examined and its success is measured against student perceptions. Students following the IEP chemical engineering degree programme widely recognise that safety teaching is immediately embedded into the curriculum from the first year and they are given increasing opportunities to apply safety learnings throughout their degree. This leads to a feeling of preparedness for their capstone design projects and future industrial roles, ultimately achieving the aim of developing well-rounded, responsible graduate engineers with a strong safety culture embedded in the way they will approach their future work.     

在役压力容器局部凹坑的安全性评定分析

因腐蚀、冲刷、缺陷打磨和制造缺陷等原因,压力容器本体会存在凹坑缺陷。为避免不必要的补焊及返修,对于超标的凹坑缺陷可根据GB/T 19624—2004进行安全性评定。以某化工厂一台在用高压空气储罐的检验为例,通过计算极限载荷进行了安全性评定。     

Safety securing approach against cyber-attacks for process control system

After the appearance of Stuxnet, the safety assurance against cyber-attacks has been a serious problem for process control. For safety assurance, not only information system securing approaches but also process control original measures are necessary. In this paper, a new protection approach is proposed. Application of an information system securing technique called “zones and conduits” to process control is discussed. By dividing the control system network into plural zones, higher possibility of detecting cyber-attacks and preventing operational accidents can be achieved. By defining detectability and reachability matrices, zone division for cyber-attack detection can be designed.     

硫酸生产企业的安全评价

强调对硫酸生产企业进行安全评价的重要性和必要性。从介绍安全评价的基本概念入手,对硫酸生产企业的危险及有害因素进行分析和辨识。以一套200 kt/a硫磺制酸装置为例,介绍3种安全评价方法。应用“化工厂危险程度分级”方法得出结论:该硫磺制酸装置的固有危险等级属三级,如果工厂安全管理等级为Ⅱ级,则实际危险等级为中度,通过加强工厂安全管理等级可降低工厂实际危险等级。应用“作业条件危险性评价法”得出结论:硫磺制酸装置除转化单元为“稍有危险”单元外,其它单元都是“可能危险”单元。应用“安全检查表”的检查结果可确定工厂安全管理等级并提出相应的改进措施。     

齐鲁720kt/a乙烯装置技改工程的安全监督管理

以中国石化齐鲁股份公司烯烃厂720kt／a乙烯装置改造项目为例，从组织措施、安全教育、风险评价、现场安全管理、安全考核等方面，阐述了乙烯装置改造项目建设的安全监督管理。     

超高压自增强管式反应器的安全评定方法

采用专家评定系统和相应的评定规则相结合的方法 ,对超高压管式反应器进行安全评定 ,评定结果与工程实际具有较高的一致性。专家评定系统为超高压管式反应器安全评定提供了一种可靠的方法。     

化学实验室安全管理探讨

分析高校化学实验室意外事故发生的原因,并对实验室规章制度、化学试剂和仪器设备的安全管理以及实验室安全教育等方面进行探讨。     

HAZOP和LEC两种安全评价方法的集成及应用研究

随着石油化工行业的发展,为保证生产过程的安全,必须对装置进行风险评估。HAZOP分析是最有效和应用最广泛的安全评价方法之一,但其只能判断系统是否存在潜在风险,对风险发生的可能性及严重程度不能做精确的定量分析。然而经过实践可以进一步采取半定量的LEC分析方法加以修改、补充和完善。将HAZOP分析与LEC分析两种安全评价方法相结合,使得HAZOP分析法从一种定性的方法改进为一种半定量的方法,大大提高风险辨识的准确性和适用性。将两种评价方法集成研究并简单对某公司采油一厂储运系统的危险性进行系统安全分析,为有效预防和减少事故提供了理论支撑。