贵州地区地闪的分布特征及防护效率分析

针对ADTD闪电定位系统2007--2011年在贵州地区监测的2631725次闪电资料,统计分析了贵州地区地闪特征及其直击雷防护效率,为该地区的雷电防护工程设计和雷电风险评估提供了参考依据。     

Frequency of Upward Lightning Hits to Wind Turbines in Winter

In recent years, frequent damage to wind turbines by winter lightning has been reported in the region along the Sea of Japan. It is a serious finding that lightning hits concentrate on wind turbines in this region. The authors investigated the increase rate of the frequency of lightning hits on wind turbines due to wind turbine construction by using LLS (lightning location system) data. As a result, an experimental formula to estimate the increase rate of the frequency of lightning hits on wind turbines as a function of parameters related to the construction conditions, namely the height of wind turbines, the height above sea level, and the latitude, is proposed.     

中国电网雷电监测与防护亟待研究的关键技术

为了加强电网的雷电监测与防护,减少雷害事故,保证电网安全,建设坚强电网,全面介绍了中国电网雷电监测与防护技术水平的现状,提出了电网雷电监测与防护技术领域亟待开展研究的6项关键技术,包括雷电流直接测量、雷电辐射电磁场传播特性、全数字化雷电探测、雷电参数统计、防雷差异化分析方法以及雷电屏蔽模拟试验技术。详细介绍了开展这些关键技术研究的目的、意义和思路。指出尽快开展这些关键技术研究将获得目前全世界都普遍缺乏的雷电流实测参数,提升中国雷电监测网的探测效率和定位精度,描绘出中国不同区域的雷电活动特性,更准确地分析和评价输电线路防雷性能,为科学评价输电线路雷电屏蔽措施的屏蔽效能提供有效手段,并为中国相关防雷标准和规程的制修订提供基础参数和依据。     

High‐current lightning discharges in winter

Lightning electric‐field waveforms related to power line faults in winter have been identified. Most of those waveforms appear to be associated with upward lightning discharges with absolute peak currents of over 100 kA. They are quite different from common return‐stroke waveforms, and the lightning discharges which produce these characteristic waveforms are called GC (Ground to Cloud) flashes. These high‐current lightning discharges are distributed around the coastline in different ways depending on their polarities. The spatial distributions of high‐current lightning discharges around Japan are also investigated. It is revealed that the region of Honshu Island along the coastline of the Sea of Japan belongs to the area in which the density of high‐current lightning flashes is the highest in Japan through the year. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(1): 8–15, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20874     

线路防雷中绕击电流的计算及修正

针对EGM理论存在的缺陷,结合最新LSM理论仿真计算结果,探讨了改进绕击电流计算方法的途径。     

3D imaging of lightning channel and leader progression velocity

Three‐dimensional imaging of lightning channels by means of UHF interferometers is performed. To realize this, a field campaign was conducted with two observation sites in Darwin, Australia. The distance between the two sites is about 14 km, and the triangulation scheme is applied to estimate locations of UHF radiation sources. Since the UHF radiation is more likely during the leader progression than in the return stroke phase, imaging of lightning channels is obtained mainly for downward leaders. Velocities of downward leaders are estimated and statistics are presented for first and subsequent strokes. The result is consistent with those of former investigations obtained by optical observations. The statistics for the velocity of leader propagation inside thunderclouds are presented herein. Using optical measurement, velocity estimation of leader progressions inside thunderclouds is impossible, and the presented results are concluded to be the first results of their kind. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(3): 22–28, 2001     

Characteristics of Winter Lightning Threatening Wind Turbines in Coastal Area of the Sea of Japan

Wind turbines on the coast of the Sea of Japan have been damaged by lightning in winter. This is due to the frequent occurrence of upward lightning from wind turbines in winter. Occurrence of upward lightning proves to be closely related to the temperature distribution at high altitudes. In this paper, the correlation between lightning hits of wind turbines and the height of the—10 ^°C layer is analyzed. When an upward lightning hits a wind turbine in winter, the height of the—10 ^°C layer is lower than 2000 m in most cases. Moreover, winter lightning is classified into two types, namely, the storm type and the inactive type, and it is found that the parameters of lightning currents observed by LLS differ depending on the type of lightning storm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 44–50, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22357     

东莞电网输电线路防雷运行分析及对策

统计和分析东莞电网2005—2008年期间输电线路雷击跳闸情况,提出把易击线路和杆塔作为今后防雷的重要对象。指出雷击跳闸率偏高的原因:落雷密度大;输电线路现行防雷设计标准满足不了线路实际防雷需求,线路设计缺乏因地制宜导致产生线路防雷设计缺陷。为此,提出修改输电线路防雷设计标准、应用绝缘子防雷保护间隙和平衡高绝缘防雷技术、提高接地电阻运行目标应不超过10Ω、加强雷击跳闸信息的统计分析等防雷对策。     

避雷针在防雷设计和施工中若干技术问题浅谈

阐述了避雷针的防雷机理。从被保护对象的安全性和防雷效率两方面讨论了避雷针的适用范围。最后,针对实际施工过程中易发生安全事故的现状,介绍了如何从避雷针选型、抗风设计和基础可靠性3方面采取措施,以提高避雷针自身的安全性。     

浙江省雷电时空分布特征及影响因素分析

根据浙江省建站始到2011年70个地面观测站的雷暴日资料、浙江省电力部门闪电定位系统的2005—2011年地闪数据和电网雷害资料,分析研究了浙江省雷电的时空分布特征及影响因素。研究结果表明:浙江省雷电主要集中在3—9月,多发生在15—16时段。全省雷暴日分布呈现山区比平原地区多,内陆比沿海多的特点。地闪密度呈现明显的地域性差异,地闪高密度区表现为两大片、若干点的分布。负闪占总地闪的百分率为94.91%。正、负闪电强度主要集中在0~50 kA。地闪高密度区的分布,与气候、地形、地貌、地面大型水体和城市热岛效应有着密切关系。     

采用闪电定位系统的丘陵山区雷电特征分析

为研究丘陵山区雷电分布特征,利用重庆闪电定位系统监测的地闪资料（1999-2008年）,通过数理统计、回归分析等方法,重点分析海拔高度〉800 m丘陵山区闪电的时间和高程属性特征。结果表明：丘陵山区负闪频次（占95.6%）明显高于正闪频次（占4.4%）,闪电发生主要集中在4—10月,日分布有两个高频时期（0：00-3：00,13：00-16：00）,闪电频次随着海拔高度上升而逐渐减少;正闪所占的比例和高幅值闪电比例都是随着海拔高度的上升明显增大;正闪平均雷电流强度明显高于负闪,其冬季平均雷电流强度明显大于夏季;正闪平均雷电流强度日变化有两个峰值（凌晨和正午前夕）;正闪雷电流强度随着海拔高度升高而增加。在此基础上获得了丘陵山区雷电流幅值的累积概率分布曲线,为防雷设计、施工提供了可靠的科学依据。     

广东输电线路防雷运行分析

统计分析2001-2007年广东地区地面落雷密度、雷电流幅值概率分布等雷电参数,线路雷击导致变电设备受损、线路雷击跳闸比例、雷击跳闸率等防雷运行参数,指出广东电网雷击跳闸率偏高的原因、存在的问题及今后防雷工作的重点,建议加强输电线路的综合防雷改造,适当提高广东线路的防雷设计标准。     

广东雷电活动规律及输电线路雷击跳闸分析

分析了2005—2012年广东雷电活动规律及雷击跳闸情况,表明各年50%概率雷电流幅值集中在26~35kA之间,雷击跳闸率受50%概率雷电流幅值的影响较地闪密度大;同塔多回输电线路雷击同时跳闸占雷击跳闸比例达15%~30%。提出了防雷策略,包括输电线路防雷需要抓住重点,转变观念,加强管理;重视常规防雷措施的基础上,重点治理易击重要线路和同塔架设线路,提高线路雷击跳闸重合成功率。     

居民区雷电保护系统的试验:火箭触发雷电和电流冲击发生器试验数据的比较

We present a comparison of data obtained during testing of lightning protective system of a residential structure in rocket-triggered lightning experiment at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing(ICLRT)at Camp Blanding,Florida,and current surge generator experiment at Rzeszow University of Technology in Poland.Three different configurations of LPS were tested in Poland with the dc grounding resistances of the entire system 4.09 Ω(LPS 1a),1.65 Ω(LPS 1b),and 2.88 Ω(LPS 2).For LPS 1a with three ground rods the value of the peak current entering the electrical circuit neutral was about 56% of the injected current peak,and for LPS 1b with two additional ground rods and two 5 m long buried horizontal conductors it was about 16%.For LPS 2 with five ground rods interconnected by a buried loop conductor this ratio was 21%.The current waveshapes in the ground rods differed from the injected current waveshapes and the current waveshapes in other parts of the test system,especially,for poorer-grounding LPS 1a.The surge-generator results are consistent with those of triggered-lightning experiments at Camp Blanding,Florida(DeCarlo et al.,2008 [2]).     

雷电定位系统在输电线路雷击故障点巡查中的应用及分析

简要介绍基于输电线路的雷电定位系统原理,通过实例分析了不同条件下雷电定位系统在实际应用中的注意事项和操作要点,为更好地应用雷电定位系统指导故障巡视提供参考。     

雷电定位监测系统在输电线路防雷中的应用

结合华北电网雷电定位监测系统的应用情况,介绍了其在输电线路防雷中的作用,明确了线路跳闸的主要原因及故障位置,分析了雷电活动规律,对具体线路细化,确定了防雷工作需重点注意的易击线路以及线路的易击段。通过对这些重点区域防雷配置的合理优化可以有效地降低雷击跳闸率,为系统安全稳定运行提供了保证。     

2006年华北电网输电线路雷击故障分析

针对2006年6月华北电网输电线路雷击故障偏多的情况,从设计、基建及运行角度进行了综合分析,并结合雷电定位系统运行情况对输电线路进行了分级,确定了一系列反事故措施,对于线路开展防雷工作具有指导意义。     

雷电定位系统在湖北电网的开发与应用

雷电定位系统是主要应用于监测雷电活动时间、地点以及对电网运行设备影响的实时监测系统。文章介绍了湖北省雷电定位系统的开发以及建设情况,并阐述了雷电定位系统在湖北省电力系统中的应用,特别是在实际的电力系统运行过程中起到了重要的作用。     

Rocket‐triggered lightning current waveforms in winter and investigation of extra‐fast current change

Since 1986, the authors have been taking part in triggered lightning experiments in winter, at Okushishiku, Ishikawa, for the purpose of observing the entire lightning current waveforms with coaxial shunt resistors and an electro‐optical measuring system. Extra‐fast current changes of the order of 1,000 kA/μs were recognized by sharp pulse records superposed on the positive current waveform obtained by a shunt resistor of relatively high residual inductance. This was not the case with a resistor of lower inductance. Furthermore, a positive lightning current waveform which looks like the composite result of bi‐polar discharges has been observed by an advanced measuring system of high performance. This paper deals with these current‐related topics of triggered lightning discharges, which will be analyzed hereafter in detail. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(2): 18–23, 1999     

线路避雷器在输电线路防雷中的应用及建议

分析线路避雷器在天生桥地区220 kV及以上交流线路防雷工作中的应用情况。通过查询雷电定位系统,统计天生桥地区雷电参数,总结、分析2001年以来该地区输电线路雷击跳闸情况,结果表明安装线路避雷器能有效降低线路雷击跳闸率,具有较好的防雷效果。根据运行经验及线路避雷器只对安装塔安装相有保护作用的特点,提出了线路避雷器安装选点和运行维护方面的建议。