Impulse Method for the Blast Contour of Cylindrical High Explosive Charges

A simple method for measuring the momentum distribution around a cylindrical high explosive charge is described which has demonstrated high reproducibility. At near distances, around 5 calibers or at scaled distance Z≈0.4 (m/kg^1/3), the radial momentum increases drastically compared to diagonal directions. Surprisingly strong is the difference of the momentum along the axis in the detonation direction, which is 8 to 10 times higher, compared to the rearward direction.     

Analysis of Post Detonation Products of Different Explosive Charges

High explosive charges containing TNT, Comp. B, PBXN-106, TNT/TATB and the aluminium containing charges TNT/AN/Al, Comp. B/Al and a PBX high explosive with polyurethane binder, RDX, AP and Al have been initiated in a containment of 1.5 m³ in argon atmosphere. The gaseous and solid products were analyzed by mass spectrometry and other techniques. From the reaction products, the completeness of the Al reaction under different conditions was evaluated. The heat of detonation was calculated from the heat of formation of the products and the components of the explosive charges. The method described is suitable for studying the reaction behavior of components in composite explosives, especially of less sensitive high explosives.     

Experiments of Initiation of Covered,but Unconfined High Explosive Charges by means of shaped charge jets

Experiments on the initiation of high explosive charges in contact with a barrier or separated from it by a 15 mm air gap or a 2 mm acrylic glass layer have been performed utilising a simultaneous framing and streak camera. With increasing barrier thickness the shaped charge jet is increasingly consumed.     

大直径风送管道衬里的技术改造

分析了某公司饲料单元风送管道内部衬里脱落的原因,并提出了将衬里结构改造为耐火砖上涂抹耐火浇注料的改造措施。     

Study of The Blast Waves from the Explosion of Nonspherical Charges

The blast wave patterns from the explosion of cylindrical charges are very complex and the pressure-time histories exhibit multiple shocks. The accurate assessment of the blast wave parameters (positive peak overpressure, duration, and the positive impulse) thus is not a simple task. In this paper a simple system is described for studying the blast waves from the explosion of small cylindrical charges together with comprehensive methods to analyse the experimental results. The assessment of the near-field/far-field behaviour also has been studied.     

几种不同爆炸冲击波作用的能量谱分析

为得到冲击波能量与目标自振频率之间的关系,利用小波包分析原理对几种不同爆炸冲击波作用进行了能量谱分析,并准确得到各频段的能量值。结果表明,能量谱在某频段的幅值越高,对自振频率在该频段的目标破坏作用就越大。结合各种结构部件的自振频率,分析各种冲击波作用的能量谱,可以选出最适合的药量和爆心距,达到高效毁伤的目的。     

Generation of Hypervelocity Particle Flows by Explosive Compression of Ceramic Tubes

The compression of ceramic (corundum) tubes by the detonation products of explosives have been studied experimentally and numerically. The formation of the shaped-charge jet of ceramic particles and its effect on steel witnesses targets has been investigated. The tubes were produced by detonation spraying. Ceramic particles were deposited on copper tubes, which were then dissolved in a solution of ferric chloride. In the experiments, a considerable penetration of the flow of ceramic particles was observed. During the interaction of the flow with the target, the target material was partially evaporated, as shown by metallographic analysis. Numerical analysis of the formation of the discrete shaped-charge jet showed that the maximum velocity of the jet head was about 23 km/s, and the velocity of the main part of the jet was about 14 km/s.     

岩石膨化硝铵炸药的爆破威力研究

研究了岩石膨化硝铵的爆炸性能和爆破威力,在分析岩石爆破机理的基础上,通过与铵梯炸药,铵梯油炸药的爆破性能比较,并根据其自身的爆速高,重量威力大而体积威力稍小的特点,提出进一步提高该炸药爆破威力的技术途径。     

AUTO-DYN模拟炸药爆炸问题的分析

通过CAD/CAE软件建立了不同装药质量与网格尺寸的半无限爆炸场模型,利用AUTO-DYN有限元程序计算出爆炸波的超压值和正压作用时间.将模拟结果与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明,AUTO-DYN有限元程序在模拟爆炸场时,近、中场的计算结果与实验误差相对较大,而远场的计算结果与实验的误差相对较小.计算模型的网格尺寸、计算区域大小和计算机的计算能力对模拟结果有影响.直接使用AUTO-DYN模拟爆炸场对人体的创伤效应存在一定局限性.     

立式钢制圆筒焊接储罐排版技巧

文章在参考相关行业标准和前人总结的经验基础上,结合现场施工过程中经历整合而出一种综合排版方法,希望能对提高同行业施工质量起到一定的作用,并达到优化排版的目的。     

圆筒形加热炉辐射室钢结构的安装

通过阐述圆筒形加热炉辐射室钢结构的预制、安装及焊接等方面的施工要点,提出一种合理的圆筒形加热炉辐射室钢结构的施工方法.     

Shaped Charge Jet Initiation on Explosive Charges equipped with barriers made up of various materials

This paper describes initiation tests on cast TNT/RDX (35/65) explosive charges applying shaped charge jets with test set-ups on which the HE charge was arranged either in contact to a 50-mm thick barrier or after a 100-mm thick barrier in a 15-mm air gap. A variety of materials was attached to the barrier's rear side which, on one band, resulted in a varying shock wave attenuation and also in different bulging effects that are responsible for the differences in the initiation mechanisms observed on the two test arrangements. Materials with a lower density also provide, due to a less precompression of the IIM charge used on the arrangement “test charge in contact”, shorter buildup distances than materials with a higher density. An exception to this is a high ductile material such as e.g. steel. The build-up distances, however, remain constant when arranging the explosive charge with an air gap. This backs up the hypothesis that most of all, bulging of the target is responsible for the sensitivity reduction observed on the test HE charges in contact with the barrier.     

矿渣钢渣复合超代技术对混凝土力学性能的影响

本文阐述了矿渣和矿渣钢渣复合超量替代部分水泥对混凝土力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：矿渣等量替代时，掺量为30％的混凝土强度最高；钢渣等量替代时，掺量为20%的混凝土强度最高；超量替代能有效改善大掺量矿渣混凝土早期强度，最佳超代系数为1．3。实验证明：采用超代技术配制混凝土可以使水泥被替代量提高到70％。     

高效换热器换热管失效分析

通过对高效换热器换热管进行宏观观察、微观观察、金相、X射线荧光和X射线衍射等方面的分析,确定了其失效的主要原因是应力腐蚀,同时针对失效发生的原因提出了相应的预防措施.     

高能乳化炸药的制备及性质

采用乳化技术,将硝酸铵、乙二胺二硝酸盐等爆炸性组分通过高分子乳化剂的作用,制备成W／O型高能乳化炸药,其基质粒子的粒径小于3μm,具有良好的物理化学性质和优良的爆炸性能,爆速可达5800m／s,猛度为17．2mm,作功能力为360mL,爆炸临界直径为12mm;贮存稳定性可耐至32个高低温循环;具有优越的抗水性。在浸水24h前后,爆炸性能基本无变化,可在战时替代部分军用炸药。探讨了高能乳化炸药的形成机理及乳胶基质的微观结构。     

高压甲铵冷凝器列管的缺陷分析及对策

对二氧化碳汽提法高压甲铵冷凝器列管常见的腐蚀缺陷及形成原因进行了较为详细的分析 ,特别是对应力腐蚀破裂的实验确认和理论上的可能性行了较全面的分析 ,并相应提出了一些防腐蚀的措施     

Calculation of the Wave-Shaper Effects on Detonation Wave in Shaped Charges

Results are presented from two-dimensional computations simulating the development of detonation for various configurations of shaped charges containing inert elements. These calculations were performed using the nonlinear explicit finite-difference computer code PISCES 2D ELK. The numerical model employed represented the high explosives by a finely zoned Lagrangian mesh and used JWL (Jones-Wilkins-Lee) equation of state with C-J (Chapman-Jouguet) burn model. The inert elements were modeled by Lagrangian grids and used Mie-Grueneisen equations of state with a linear relationship between the shock velocity (U_s) and particle velocity (U_p) fitting the Hugoniot data of the inert materials. The development of detonation waves all around the wave-shaper are shown in contour plots of pressure at various time steps during the calculations. Mesh plots of the different configurations are also reported. Our simulations are compared with previous radiographic and numerical results for a slab of explosive with an aluminium confinement and with recent not yet published streak-camera tests on a particular shaped charge configuration with hemispherical wave-shaper. Our numerical results appear to be in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Deceleration of Detonation Products of a TATB-Based High Explosive

Deceleration of detonation products of a TATB-based high explosive is studied by a modified target method. Experimental results obtained are compared with data for a high explosive with similar composition and calculation results.     

不同壳体装药爆炸威力的数值模拟及试验研究

为研究装药壳体材料对爆炸威力的影响,对不同壳体装药在空气和混凝土靶中的爆炸破坏效应进行了数值模拟及试验研究.结果表明,在相同的装药情况下,碳纤维复合材料壳体装药爆炸产生的冲击波超压相对D6A钢壳体装药的高.因碳纤维复合材料壳体装药爆炸时不产生破片,所以对远距离目标不造成破坏,而D6A钢壳体装药爆炸时产生的破片对远距离目标具有一定的杀伤效应.从混凝土靶的爆炸破坏效应来看,碳纤维复合材料壳体装药在阻抗匹配方面要比D6A钢壳体装药好,更利于爆炸冲击波的传播.在同样装药的情况下,碳纤维复合材料壳体装药爆炸对靶体爆炸驱动有效能量大于D6A钢壳体装药.静爆试验证明了数值计算与试验结果相一致.