基于UKF的GPS/DR组合导航非线性状态估计

GPS／DR组合导航系统是一个非线性系统,以往采用的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法EKF使得函数的整体特性被局部特性所代替,加上噪声的存在使系统的性能进一步下降。为了获得更好的状态估计性能,用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法UKF（Unscente dKalman Filter）实现组合导航系统的非线性状态估计,避免了EKF方法的线性化近似过程,提高了算法的收敛速度和载体的定位精度。仿真结果表明：在非线性状态估计中,UKF滤波方法优于EKF滤波方法。     

基于Sigma点Kalman滤波的车载导航系统状态估计

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)在车载组合导航系统状态估计问题中的缺陷,本文介绍了一种新的方法——Sigma点卡尔曼滤波(SPKF)用于车载组合导航系统的非线性状态估计。其思想是基于非线性函数的加权统计线形化,SPKF滤波算法能够给出随机变量非线性变换以后更精确的均值和协方差的估计,从而带来更高的精度。最后通过GPS/DR组合导航模型时间序列的状态估计仿真实例说明:同EKF相比,SPKF的滤波精度和稳定性都显著提高了,还可避免计算烦琐的Jacobi矩阵,是一种良好的非线形滤波方法。     

基于UKF的编队卫星的相对姿态确定算法

针对编队卫星相对姿态确定问题,采用一种改进的无迹卡尔曼滤波UKF进行了系统滤波器设计,根据UKF滤波器的性质,推导出了适用于编队卫星相对姿态确定的UKF滤波算法.较之传统的EKF滤波器,UKF不仅提高了滤波精度,简化了计算过程,减少了计算量,而且更易于实现.应用四元数法描述卫星姿态,避免了欧拉角法的奇异性问题.仿真结果表明,UKF滤波器收敛速度大大高于EKF滤波器.而状态估计精度与EKF相当,方差估计优于EKF,且数值稳定性好.     

一种改进扩展卡尔曼滤波新方法

针对现有的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波（EIEKF）跟踪时估计精度较低这一不足,提出了一种改进扩展卡尔曼滤波（NIEKF）新方法。本文将迭代滤波理论引入到扩展卡尔曼滤波方法中,重复利用观测信息,采用经典的非线性非高斯模型进行仿真实验,给出了该方法与扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）、Unscented 卡尔曼滤波（UKF）、现有的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波（EIEKF）的仿真结果,并分析了其跟踪性能和均方根误差。实验结果表明,改进扩展卡尔曼滤波（NIEKF）新方法具有更高的估计精度。     

一种非线性滤波方法用于卫星的姿态估计

由于用于卫星姿态估计的传统非线性滤波方法,即扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)方法不仅容易引入线性化误差,而且必须计算系统函数的Jacobi矩阵,而Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)是一种比较新的非线性滤波方法,能够克服EKF的上述缺点。该方法不仅能提高滤波精度,而且更容易实现。因此,利用UKF方法,基于修正的罗德里格参数(MRPs),设计了一种无陀螺卫星的姿态估计算法,并通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于RBF神经网络辅助的自适应UKF算法研究

卡尔曼滤波能在测量噪声干扰下对系统状态进行无偏估计。但无论是扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法,还是无轨迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法,都无法避免滤波发散现象。给出利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的自适应调整能力来对卡尔曼滤波输出进行校正,从而避免输出发散的算法。计算机模拟和实际应用表明,基于RBFNN的卡尔曼滤波算法可以有效防止输出发散。     

基于UKF的高斯和滤波算法

介绍了扩展卡尔曼滤波算法和无迹变换（unscented transformation,UT）算法,并对扩展卡尔曼滤波算法（EKF）和无迹卡尔曼滤波算法（UKF）进行比较,阐明了UKF优于EKF。在此基础上,提出了一种基于Unscented变换（UT）的高斯和滤波算法,该算法首先通过合并准则得到适当个数的混合高斯模型,逼近系统中非高斯噪声的概率密度;然后,再通过UT算法进行滤波。最后分别对基于EKF和UKF的滤波方法进行实验,并对实验结果进行比较与分析,验证了算法的有效性和优良性。     

非线性离散随机时变系统比例微分滤波

扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）是从极小化状态估计误差的方差得到的，没有考虑状态误差的变化率，因而对非线性时变系统EKF估计方法惯性作用 较大，从而产生估计滞后，提出了非线性离散随机系统比例微分滤波（PDF），PDF联合考虑极小化状态估计误差和状态误差变化率的方差，克服了EKF对非线性时变系统估计滞后的缺点，估计具有适时性，提出了高估计的精度，仿真例子证明了所提出的估计方法的有效性。     

UKF与EKF在卫星姿态估计应用中的比较

针对卫星的姿态和角速度估计问题,分别给出基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)与推广卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的估计算法,并做了相应比较.为了避免欧拉角带来的奇异问题,UKF选用Rodrigues参数而EKF选用四元数参数法来描述姿态误差.考虑卫星的非线性模型,UKF采用Unscented变换而EKF采用线性化方法对姿态误差进行估计.利用陀螺和磁强计的测量信息,KF和EKF都可得到三轴稳定卫星的姿态估计值,但UKF的收敛速度高于EKF.数值仿真结果表明,当初始姿态存在大偏差时,所给出的UKF的滤波算法性能明显优于EKF.     

利用sigma点卡尔曼滤波的多UUV协同定位

融合无人水下航行器（UUV）内部航位递推估计和外部量测信息的协同定位方法是一种提高只配备低精度自定位装置的UUV定位精度的有效手段。当协同系统结构固定时,滤波器的选择就决定了精度提高的幅度。针对扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）在处理非线性系统时具有较大的截断误差和繁琐的计算,提出了使用sigma点卡尔曼滤波（SPKF）的协同定位方法。与EKF相比,无味卡尔曼滤波（UKF）和中心差分卡尔曼滤波（CDKF）具有更好的鲁棒性,在没有增加计算复杂度的基础上进一步提高了UUV的定位精度。仿真比较了采用不同滤波算法的协同定位方法提高定位精度的效果,验证了利用sigma点卡尔曼滤波的多UUV协同定位方法的有效性和一致性。     

A comparison of simultaneous state and parameter estimation schemes for a continuous fermentor reactor

This article proposes a maximum likelihood algorithm for simultaneous estimation of state and parameter values in nonlinear stochastic state-space models. The proposed algorithm uses a combination of expectation maximization, nonlinear filtering and smoothing algorithms. The algorithm is tested with three popular techniques for filtering namely particle filter (PF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). It is shown that the proposed algorithm when used in conjunction with UKF is computationally more efficient and provides better estimates. An online recursive algorithm based on nonlinear filtering theory is also derived and is shown to perform equally well with UKF and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithms. A continuous fermentation reactor is used to illustrate the efficacy of batch and online versions of the proposed algorithms.     

A Filtering Approach Based on MMAE for a SINS/CNS Integrated Navigation System

This paper explores multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) method, and with it, proposes a novel filtering algorithm. The proposed algorithm is an improved Kalman filter-multiple model adaptive estimation unscented Kalman filter (MMAE-UKF) rather than conventional Kalman filter methods, like the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). UKF is used as a subfilter to obtain the system state estimate in the MMAE method. Single model filter has poor adaptability with uncertain or unknown system parameters, which the improved filtering method can overcome. Meanwhile, this algorithm is used for integrated navigation system of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and celestial navigation system (CNS) by a ballistic missile's motion. The simulation results indicate that the proposed filtering algorithm has better navigation precision, can achieve optimal estimation of system state, and can be more flexible at the cost of increased computational burden.      

Robust unscented Kalman filter with adaptation of process and measurement noise covariances

Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has been extensively used for state estimation of nonlinear stochastic systems, which suffers from performance degradation and even divergence when the noise distribution used in the UKF and the truth in a real system are mismatched. For state estimation of nonlinear stochastic systems with non-Gaussian measurement noise, the Masreliez–Martin extended Kalman filter (EKF) gives better state estimates in relation to the standard EKF. However, the process noise and the measurement noise covariance matrices should be known, which is impractical in applications. This paper presents a robust Masreliez–Martin UKF which can provide reliable state estimates in the presence of both unknown process noise and measurement noise covariance matrices. Two numerical examples involving relative navigation of spacecrafts demonstrate that the proposed filter can provide improved state estimation performance over existing robust filtering approaches. Vision-aided robot arm tracking experiments are also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

双层无迹卡尔曼滤波

针对无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman fllter,UKF）在强非线性系统中估计效果差的问题,提出了双层无迹卡尔曼滤波（Double layer unscented Kalman filter,DLUKF）算法,该算法用带权值的采样点表征先验分布,而后用内层UKF算法对每个采样点进行更新,最后引入外层UKF算法的更新机制得到估计值和估计协方差.仿真结果表明,相比于传统算法,所提的DLUKF算法可以在较低计算负载下获得较高滤波估计精度.     

基于最小均方误差估计的噪声相关UKF设计

传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKf)要求系统噪声和量测噪声必须是互不相关的.针对此局限性,研究了一类带相关噪声的非线性离散系统UKF设计方法.基于最小均方误差估计和正交变换,给出了噪声相关UKF滤波递推公式,并采用Unscented变换(UT)来计算系统状态的后验分布.所设计的UKF有效解决了传统UKF在噪声相关条件下非线性滤波失效的问题,拓展了UKF的应用范围.最后,仿真实例表明了所设计UKF的有效性.     

带非线性等式约束无迹卡尔曼滤波方法

针对带非线性等式约束的非线性系统的状态估计问题,给出了一种新形式的基于无迹卡尔曼滤波及伪观测手段的处理约束的状态估计方法（SPUKF）。在该方法中原动态系统被虚拟地分离成两个并行的子系统,各时刻的状态估计由基于这两个子系统构建的两套滤波链交替得到。相对于伪观测法中的序贯形式估计器,SPUKF无需事先确定观测及约束的处理次序且能获得更好的估计结果,故可以用来解决序贯方法中观测与约束的处理次序问题。由钟摆运动的实例仿真结果看到,SPUKF不仅有好于序贯形式无迹卡尔曼滤波的估计效果,误差改善比达到22%左右,而且算法运行时间与序贯形式估计器相近。此外,其估计效果还与批处理无迹卡尔曼滤波相当。     

基于极大似然准则和最大期望算法的自适应UKF 算法

针对噪声先验统计特性未知情况下的非线性系统状态估计问题,提出了基于极大似然准则和 最大期望算法的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman filter, UKF) 算法.利用极大似然准则构造含有噪声统计特性的对数似然函数,通 过最大期望算法将噪声估计问题转化为对数似然函数数学期望极大化问题,最终得到带次优递 推噪声统计估计器的自适应UKF算法.仿真分析表明,与传统UKF算法相比,提出的自适应UKF算法 有效克服了传统UKF算法在系统噪声统计特性未知情况下滤波精度下降的问题,并实现了系统噪 声统计特性的在线估计.     

Interacting multiple model estimation-based adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a promising approach for the state estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems due to its simple calculation process and superior performance in highly nonlinear systems. However, its solution will be degraded or even divergent when the system model involves uncertainty. This paper presents an interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation-based adaptive robust UKF to address this problem. This method combines the merits of the adaptive fading UKF and robust UKF and discards their demerits to inhibit the disturbance of system model uncertainty on the filtering solution. An adaptive fading UKF for the case of process model uncertainty and a robust UKF for the case of measurement model uncertainty are established based on the principle of innovation orthogonality. Subsequently, an IMM estimation is developed to fuse the adaptive fading UKF and robust UKF as sub-filters according to the mode probability. The system state estimation is achieved as a probabilistic weighted sum of the estimation results from the two sub-filters. Simulations, experiments and comparison analysis validate the efficacy of the proposed method.     

带有色量测噪声的非线性系统 Unscented 卡尔曼滤波器

传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman filter, UKF)要求噪声必须为高斯白噪声, 无法解 决带有色噪声的非线性系统滤波问题. 为此, 本文提出了一种带有色量测噪声的UKF滤 波新算法. 首先,基于量测信息增广和最小方差估计, 推导出一类带有色量测噪声的非 线性离散系统状态的最优滤波框架, 接着采用Unscented变换(Unscented transformation, UT)来计算最优框架中的 非线性状态后验均值和协方差, 进而得到有色量测噪声下UKF滤波递推公式. 所设 计的UKF新方法能有效地解决传统UKF在量测噪声有色情况下非线性滤波失效的问题, 数 值仿真实例验证了其可行性和有效性.