价格增长下两阶段存货影响销售率EOQ模型

考虑产品采购价随时间指数增长和两阶段存货影响销售,建立了一个价格增长和两阶段存货影响销售率EOQ模型。采用实际调查数据对模型进行了验算,分析了农产品和食品价格大幅度上涨对经销商订货策略的影响。研究结果表明：初始采购价和采购价增长因子对订购策略和各项成本影响较大,存货影响销售率因子和存货影响销售率临界点对订购策略和各项成本有一定影响。     

浅谈事业单位的存货管理

事业单位的存货是指事业单位在业务及其他活动过程中为耗用或者为销售而储存的各种资产,包括存货、燃料、包装物和低值易耗品等.由于事业单位的财务管理与企业有所区别,因此,在资产的管理方面,特别是存货的管理力度和要求方面有很大区别,容易出现管理上的一些问题。     

考虑批量订货成本的最优JIT订货与生产策略

由于增大单次订单量会降低企业订货灵活性,为此引入批量订货成本来衡量采购商从下达订单到收货期间所面临的与订货批量相关的风险成本。采购商通过综合权衡订货成本、运输成本、库存成本以及批量订货成本,从而得出合理的最优订货批量。基于由采购商和供应商组成的供应链,首先在JIT批量分解模式下,研究考虑批量订货成本后,集中式决策和分散式决策下的最优订货和生产策略。由于分散式决策下一方利益最大化时的最优决策常常是另一方无法接受的,进而分析了上下游企业间的不同议价能力,给出了双方均可接受的订货与生产策略。     

基于D-S证据理论的存货质押融资后利润分析

针对存货质押融资服务中订货周期、产品单价等因素往往无法准确预知,从而导致企业利润难以量化评价的问题,将D S证据理论引入到存货质押融资后的利润分析。该方法融合多位专家的信息,利用信任函数和似然函数,经证据推理得到融资后利润的上下界概率分布,作为利润的悲观估计和乐观估计,并以其均值作为概率分布的近似估计。实例分析表明,所提出方法较好地将订货周期、产品单价的不确定性传递到存货质押融资后利润,且比区间分析法得到的信息更丰富。该方法可为风险厌恶、风险偏好等各种类型的决策者提供较为直观和定量的分析结果,为企业的战略决策提供客观依据。     

供应链订货与营销渠道协调的主从对策模型

研究了供应链订货与营销渠道的协调问题,考虑了零售商具有订货成本缩减和营销投资成本,建立了供应链订货与营销渠道协调的Stackelberg主从对策模型.这一模型中,主方零售商具有产品零售价格和投资决策权,从方供应商具有产品批发价格决策权.分析了零售商四种投资策略,针对每种投资策略下的协调模型进行了数值仿真,结果表明在零售商订货成本缩减和营销之间进行投资协调能够同时增加零售商和供应商利润.     

关于加强企业存货管理的几点思考

企业要想有效保证生产经营活动连续正常进行,提高产品的竞争力,实现持续、稳定、健康发展,必须加强存货管理。本文从企业自身的特点出发,阐述了企业存货管理的现状和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了解决企业存货问题的对策,以期能够致力于降低存货成本,提高存货管理水平。随着我国市场竞争的越加激烈,存货管理越来越受到重视。但是从目前的情况来看,存货管理的状况不容乐观,许多企业在存货管理方面仍然存在很多问题。这些问题不但影响企业资产的流动能力、资产管理的效率和盈利能力,从长远来看,也不同程度地制约着公司的健康发展。     

基于供应链整体利益最大化的企业订货策略研究

经典的经济订货模型(EOQ)仅仅从买方的角度来考虑订货过程中的成本最小化问题。本文从企业和供应商这一供应链系统的整体利益角度,综合考虑了双方在订货中的储存和订货等费用来研究最优订货策略;在订货实务中,还对供应链整体的单位存储费用进行了变通处理。通过订货实例,分析了这种订货策略对买卖双方以及整体利益的影响。     

浅析存货的核算与管理

一个企业若想要保持较高的盈利能力,就应当十分重视存货的管理。在不同的存货管理水平下,企业的平均资金占用水平差别是很大的。通过实施正确的存货管理方法,来降低企业的平均资金占用水平,提高存货周转率,才能最终提高企业的经济效益。本文在论述企业存货核算及管理的必要性基础上,分析了当前企业存货核算和管理中存在的问题,主要为：存货核算机构不规范;存货核算的准确度不高;存货核算缺乏长远规划,核算的货物成本与实际成本不符,白条抵库现象严重。并针对企业存货核算和管理中存在的问题提出了加强存货核算和管理的对策。     

紧急订单成本信息不对称下的激励契约设计

在正常订单和紧急订单供应商共存情况下.分析制造商的最优订货策略.正常订单供应商采购提前期较长.需在销售期前进行订货.紧急订单供应商交货期较灵活.但交货期长短与成本相关且该成本信息为其私有信息.考虑在此条件下制造商的订货策略(与正常订单供应商)和激励合同设定问题(与紧急订单供应商).最后,比较了紧急订单供应商的存在与否对制造商的订货以及利润的影响.     

Weibull分布变质物品库存模型研究

研究了变质物品在考虑资金时间价值时的经济订货批量问题.假定物品的变质率服从两参数的Weibull分布,物品的需求率与库存水平有关,且为库存水平的线性函数,计划时域内进行多次订货,订货时间间隔相等,允许缺货且短缺量完全拖后,以库存系统的总费用最小为目标函数,建立了变质物品在存货依赖性需求下考虑资金时间价值时的最优订货批量模型,分析了模型存在唯一的最优解的必要条件,并且给出了在该条件下求解模型最优解的算法,最后给出了一个计算实例.     

基于供应链的企业库存成因及优化控制研究（二）

基于企业全面库存的管理思想,对库存成本、库存控制、库存系统优化等管理经验与前人研究成果进行分析,借鉴先进企业的库存管理理念和方法,以大型制造企业为核心研究对象,在集供应商、制造商、经销商为一体的供应链作为研究框架的基础上,运用供应链系统理论作为研究方法,分析了库存管理现状、影响因素及产生原因,从优化生产管理、整合企业内部供应链和跨企业供应链的角度提出了库存控制的相应对策,以实现全面库存优化,提高经营效益.     

基于供应链的企业库存成因及优化控制的研究（一）

基于企业全面库存的管理思想,对库存成本、库存控制、库存系统优化等管理经验与前人研究成果进行分析,借鉴先进企业的库存管理理念和方法,以大型制造企业为核心研究对象,在集供应商、制造商、经销商为一体的供应链作为研究框架的基础上,运用供应链系统理论作为研究方法,分析了库存管理现状、影响因素及产生原因,从优化生产管理、整合企业内部供应链和跨企业供应链的角度提出了库存控制的相应对策,以实现全面的库存优化,提高经营效益。     

Supplier managed inventory in the OEM supply chain: the impact of relationship types on total costs and cost distribution

We investigate the impact of four variants of supplier managed inventory on total costs and cost distribution in a capital goods supply chain consisting of a parts supplier who delivers parts to an original equipment manufacturer’s assembly plant. The four supplier managed inventory variants differ in the components of inventory costs that the supplier has to carry. The performance of the supplier managed inventory relationships is benchmarked with the situation where the assembly plant manages the inventories. Interesting managerial insights follow from this comparison.     

Integrated inventory valuation in multi-echelon production/distribution systems

The pressure to reduce inventory has increased as competition expands, product variety grows, and capital costs increase. This investigation addresses the problem of inventory quantification and distribution within multi-echelon supply chains under market uncertainty and management flexibility. This approach is based on an optimisation model emphasising demand uncertainty and the relevant dimensions of network design as number of echelons, lead time, service level, and cost of processing activities. Overstock quantification enables the understanding of inventory level sensitivity to market uncertainty. A comparison among production sites and storage facilities revealed that higher downstream overstock levels decrease upstream echelons of uncertainty exposition. The contribution of this study relies on management's ability to establish inventory targets for each stocking point according to risk exposure and to promote the optimisation of working capital. Overall, this investigation increases knowledge related to the treatment of demand uncertainty in flexible and integrated supply chains     

供应链管理环境下的单周期库存控制建模及优化

传统的库存控制理论已经不能够适应供应链管理的要求。在建立了供应链库存成本的组成模型的基础上对供应链管理中的单周期库存控制过程进行了深入的分析，建立了相应的数学模型，求出了最优解。     

跨境VMI供货模式下生产-库存联合优化研究

研究基于跨境VMI(vendor managed inventory)供货模式下的生产-库存联合优化问题。以一个实际案例企业作为应用背景,比较了VMI供货模式和传统的供货模式在海运和空运2种运输方式下的不同特点及其对决策的影响。研究结果表明,对于案例企业而言,采用VMI供货模式的库存管理是可行的,考虑目前公司采用2种可选的运输模式,选择海运的总成本最低。通过对资金费用率、库存费用比率和缺货费用率进行灵敏度分析,探讨了不同环境变量对最优决策的影响。研究结果对跨境供应链多国生产型企业改善跨境物资采购和生产-库存决策有一定参考价值。     

Optimal inventory policies for uniform replenishment systems with time-dependent demand

This study develops an analysis of lot size inventory systems where the replenishment rate is uniform and demand follows a power demand pattern. Shortages are not allowed. Holding cost, replenishing cost and purchasing cost are considered in inventory system control. The objective of the study is to find the economic production quantity that minimises total inventory cost per unit of time. We conclude that optimal inventory policies depend on the demand pattern index chosen to represent customer demand. Theoretical results are illustrated with a business case study. A sensitivity analysis is proposed to describe the optimal policy behaviour.     

双渠道多级分销网络库存优化配置方法

本文研究企业采用双渠道分销策略时面临的如何保证较低运作成本对多层级、多节点的分销网络中每个节点的线上线下库存进行节点内与节点间协同性配置的问题。针对目前国内外在多级的双渠道分销网络库存优化配置方面的研究甚少，提出了线上库存在多个层级可优化配置方法并将多级保证服务库存模型拓展为双渠道多级分销网络库存优化配置模型。研究结果表明，整合双渠道分销网络将降低企业的运作成本，而可配置的线上库存将提高企业线上商品交易效率并降低分销网络整体运作成本。     

Innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting interconnected logistics services in the Physical Internet

Traditional supply chain networks are often designed in the interests of a company. Once the network has been defined, the storage and distribution of goods are usually fixed and restricted within the network. This is assumed to be an inherent limit of current inventory control research. Instead of specialised hierarchical storage networks, this paper proposes an innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting the Physical Internet (PI), which is an open, universal, interconnected logistics system. In such a system, facilities and means of transport are shared and can be allocated according to demands of users. As a result, the PI allows users to stock anywhere in the network and also provides open multisourcing options for orders with on-demand warehousing services within the PI. Inventory decisions can be made dynamically by each player to minimise networkwide inventory levels. A non-linear, simulation-based optimisation model was developed for the vendors’ inventory decision-making when confronted with stochastic demands. A metaheuristic using simulated annealing was applied to solve the problem, and then, the optimised inventory decisions were validated using simulation. The results suggest that the proposed PI inventory model can reduce the total logistics cost while maintaining a comparable or better level of end customers’ services.     

Robust production control policy for a multiple machines and multiple product-types manufacturing system with inventory inaccuracy

Inventory inaccuracy often exists in manufacturing systems, which has great negative impact on the performance of production control, e.g. very high work-in-process holding cost or backlog penalty. To hedge against inventory inaccuracy, the robust production control problems will be investigated for a multiple machines and multiple product-types manufacturing system with uncertain production capacity. The objective of our problem is to minimise the average production cost. To solve this problem, a robust production control policy is developed, which is insensitive to the inventory record errors, and whose robustness is better than the traditional hedging point policy for optimal production control. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed robust production control policy against inventory inaccuracy. Based on the experimental results, the conditions of applying the proposed policy are also obtained.