氯化N—[3—长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧—2—羟]丙基—N,N,N—三甲基铵的合成及性 …

以溴代烷和乙二醇或一缩二乙二醇为原料合成长链烷基（双）氧乙烯醇（收率为７５％）,然后在相转移催化条件下和环氧氢丙烷反应得到长链烷基（双）氧乙烯缩水甘油醚（收率为９０％）,后者和三甲胺盐酸盐反应得到氯化Ｎ－「３－长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧－２－羟」丙基－Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｎ－三甲基铵（收率为９１％）,其结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析结果得以证实,测定了产物的γｃｍ及ｃｍｃ。     

N—甲基—N—羟乙基苯胺制备

以Ｎ－甲基苯胺和环氧乙烷为原料，采用气相非均相法合成了Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ－羟乙基苯胺。在反应温度１２０－１４０℃，反应压力０．４－０．６ＭＰａ，催化剂 ０．３％－０．４％的条件下，得到了较好的产品质量和收率。     

溴化N-[3-长链烷氧(双)乙烯氧-2-羟]丙基-N,N,N-三甲基铵的合成及表面活性

以脂肪醇和乙二醇或一缩二乙二醇为原料合成长链烷基（双）氧乙烯醇，收率为７５％。然后在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到长链烷基（双）氧乙烯缩水甘油醚，收率为９０％。后者和三甲胺氢溴酸盐反应得到溴化Ｎ ［３ 长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧 ２ 羟］丙基 Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ 三甲基铵，收率为９１％。其结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析结果得以证实，测定了其基本的表面活性，产品的表面张力为３７７～４４６ｍＮ／ｍ，临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）为２５７×１０－３～４６×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

N,N—二甲基乙胺的合成

以乙醇胺为原料，经成盐、氯化，Ｎ－甲基化等３步反应合成Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基忆二胺，总收率为７３．６％。     

常压法制备间甲基—N,N—二乙基苯胺

用亚磷酸二乙酯与间甲基苯胺常压反应合成间甲基－Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基苯胺。此法反应秤稳，操作容易，药品价格低廉。     

3—甲磺酰氨基—N,N—二乙基苯胺的合成

经间苯二胺为原料，以单甲磺酰化、烷基化等反应合成了分散染料中间体－３－甲磺酰氨基－Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基苯胺，并对其反应条件进行了研究。     

N,N—双（2—羟丙基）苯胺的合成

以苯胺及环氧丙烷为原料合成了Ｎ，Ｎ－双（２－羟丙基）苯胺，讨论了合成工艺条件对产物性能指标的影响，简单介绍了其用作聚氨酯扩链剂的使用效果。     

N—氰乙基—N—乙酰氧乙基苯胺合成研究

本文以Ｎ－氰乙基苯胺为原料，经常压Ｎ－烷化，Ｎ－酰化反应制取了Ｎ－氰乙基－Ｎ－乙酰氧乙基苯胺，并通过工业试生产，总收率达９３．３％。     

相转移催化合成N,N,N‘—四甲基二氨基二苯基甲烷

本文利用ＴＥＢＡＣ作为相转移催化剂合成了Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ’，Ｎ’－四甲基二氨基二苯基甲烷。考察了催化剂的用量，反应时间，反应等因素对反应结果的影响，得出了最佳反应条件。     

N—烷基丙撑二胺合成工艺的研究

以长链烷基伯胺（Ｃ１０－１２、Ｃ１６－１８伯胺）为原料，经催化氰化和催化加氢两步反应，合成了Ｎ－烷基丙撑二胺。分别采用正交试验法研究确定了两步反应的最佳工艺条件，催化氰抡的转化率达９９．５％，催化加氢和转化率达９５％。通过红外、核磁振等光谱分析，确定了目的产品的结构。化学分析结果表明，产品达到并超过国外同类产品的指村。     

Radiation-induced admicellar polymerization of isoprene on silica: Effects of surfactant's chain length

This research compared radiation-induced admicellar polymerization with the traditional thermal process and studied the influence of the hydrocarbon chain length of different surfactants on film formation. Three types of surfactants were used in this study: dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Isoprene was used as a monomer for the formation of thin film inside the surfactant bilayers, called admicelle, adsorbed on silica surface. The results showed that an optimum dose can lead to a better film formation on silica, compared with the thermal method. However, when the dose was over the optimum value, the formation of polyisoprene film was diminished. The formation of polyisoprene film was found to depend not only on the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactant, but also on the density of adsorbed surfactant on silica surface.     

N,N'-二乙基硫脲的制备及性质

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为催化剂,乙胺和二硫化碳反应制备N,N'-二乙基硫脲,收率达94.6%,与传统工艺相比,综合效益明显提高。通过FT-IR、XRD和TG-DTA对N,N'-二乙基硫脲进行表征,揭示N,N'-二乙基硫脲的微观结构和内在规律性。FT-IR揭示N,N'-二乙基硫脲分子内部各元素之间的化学键键型,N,N'-二乙基硫脲为脂肪仲胺。XRD从晶胞参数和晶面指数等晶体学数据,完成N,N'-二乙基硫脲物相组成和结构的定性鉴定。TG-DTA检测N,N'-二乙基硫脲的质量变化与热效应,TG-DTA结果表明,85.3℃和261.5℃存在两个吸收峰,分别为N,N'-二乙基硫脲的相变峰和分解峰,N,N'-二乙基硫脲分解温度偏高。     

Imidazolium,Pyridinium and Dimethyl-Ethylbenzyl Ammonium Derived Compounds as Mixed Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidic Medium

Seven cationic surfactants: 1-methyl-3-tetradecyl imidazolium bromide, 1-methyl-3-hexadecyl imidazolium bromide, N,N-tetradecyl pyridinium bromide, N,N-hexadecyl pyridinium bromide, N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylbenzyl ammonium bromide, N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylbenzyl ammonium laurate and N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylbenzyl ammonium acetate, were investigated at different doses (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) as corrosion inhibitors for steel grade API 5L X52 in hydrochloric acid 2 M using a weight loss technique, impedance and polarization resistance methods. The corrosion inhibition of steel grade API 5L X52 of the cationic surfactants was attributed to their molecular structure (heterocyclic ring, hydrophobic chain length and counterion) that enhances adsorption onto steel surface. The best protective efficiency of the film was higher than 90% (N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethylbenzyl ammonium acetate). It is important to know how organic inhibitor films grown on the metallic surface in order to achieve superior corrosion inhibition, hence experimental findings were described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy spectrums were fitted by means of the Voigt model.     

Use of different alkylammonium salts in clay surface modification for epoxy‐based nanocomposites

Layered silicates become widely used reinforcement material in the polymer nanocomposite production in recent years due to their high aspect ratio, ease of processing, and low cost. In this present study, the aim was to evaluate the usability of a raw clay source (Resadiye, Turkey) in the production of epoxy/clay nanocomposites and to investigate the effects of different surface modifiers. For this purpose, raw Na–montmorillonite clay was first purified and then surface modified by using different types of alkylammonium salts: tetramethyl ammonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Purification and surface modification of this clay were evaluated by using the following analyses; X‐ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size distribution, and dissolved organic content. These analyses simply indicated that surface modification increased both interlayer spacing between the silicate layers and CEC of the clay. These improvements were directly proportional with the chain length of the surface modifier. Nanocomposite specimens were produced by adding 0.5 wt% surface modified clay into the epoxy matrix. These specimens were characterized by XRD, Si‐mapping facility of SEM, and mechanical tests. XRD results indicated an exfoliated structure whereas Si‐mapping showed the uniform distribution of clay particles in epoxy, leading to improved mechanical properties, for instance more than 100% increase in fracture toughness of the neat epoxy specimen. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of soil fumigation and N source on soil inorganic N and tomato growth

Soil fumigation, commonly used in vegetable production, may alter the rate of nitrification, affecting availability of N for crop use. The objective of this research was to examine effects of soil fumigation and N fertilizer source on tomato growth and soil NO₃–N and NH₄–N in field production. Experiments 1 and 2 included application of methyl bromide at 420 kg ha^-1 to a Norfolk sandy loam (fine loamy siliceous thermic Typic Kandiudult) in combination with preplant applications of calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate at 144 kg N ha^-1. An additional fumigant, metam-sodium, was included in the second experiment at 703 L ha^-1 (268 kg sodium methyldithiocarbamate ha^-1). Experiment 3 included methyl bromide and metam-sodium, with ammonium sulfate as the sole source of N applied at 144 kg N ha^-1. In the first two studies, fumigants had little or no effect on soil NH₄–N or NO₃–N concentration. Tomato plants were larger and fruit yield was greater in fumigated plots, but there were few growth or yield responses to N source. In the third experiment, fumigants increased concentration of soil NO₃–N and NH₄–N at 16 days after fumigation (DAF), however, there was no effect on nitrification owing to fumigants. It appears that N source selection to overcome inhibition of nitrification is not necessary in plant production systems that involve fumigation     

有机MMT对高密度聚乙烯改性的研究

采用十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵4种阳离子表面活性剂对钠基蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理,制备了有机MMT(OMMT)。将OMMT与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行熔融插层制备了HDPE／OMMT纳米复合材料,研究了OMMT的层间距同季铵盐烷基链的关系。结果表明,OMMT的层间距随烷基链长度的增加而增大;随着OMMT含量的增加,HDPE／OMMT纳米复合材料的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度降低,弯曲弹性模量增加,弯曲强度出现极大值,使该纳米复合材料的力学性能得到了一定的改善。     

四正丁基溴化铵催化合成香豆素的研究

以水杨醛和醋酸酐为原料,无水碳酸钾为催化剂来合成香豆素。研究了四正丁基溴化铵的活化作用、四正丁基溴化铵的用量、反应温度以及反应时间对香豆素产率的影响。结果表明：用四正丁基溴化铵作活化剂,香豆素的产率由原来的61.3%提高到84.3%。最佳反应条件：n（水杨醛）∶n（四正丁基溴化铵）=1∶0.04,反应温度160℃,反应时间4h,香豆素的产率可达85.1%。     

N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰高哌嗪的合成

以甲醇钠为催化剂合成出N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰高哌嗪,考察了原料的物质的量比、反应时间、溶剂用量和相转移催化剂用量4种因素对反应收率的影响,较佳工艺条件为:N,N’-1,4-二对甲苯磺酰乙二胺0.02 mol时,N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰乙二胺和1,3-二溴丙烷的投料物质的量比1∶1.25,反应时间13 h,溶剂二甲基甲酰胺用量60 mL,苄基三乙基溴化铵用量0.6 g,总收率达65.65%。     

Reactive dyeing of cellulosic fibers: Use of cationic surfactants and their interaction with reactive dyes

Cotton fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes, C.I Reactive Blue 263, C.I Reactive Red 269, and C.I Reactive Yellow 208, after pretreatment of the fabrics with three alkyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromides (tmabs) having 12, 14, and 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The pretreated samples were dyed with standard dyeing methods using conventional, reduced amounts of electrolyte, and no electrolyte. Pretreatment with the three cationics (tmabs) resulted in an increase in dye exhaustion with all dyes used, whereas total dye fixation was lower for both red and blue dye and equal for the yellow, when compared to the reference untreated samples dyed according to the same standard dyeing method. The interaction between dodecyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromide and the three dyes was studied and the stoichiometry of the various dye/dodecyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromide (12‐tmab) complexes formed has been deduced. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

微通道反应器中催化裂解合成N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺新工艺研究

N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)是一种具有广泛开发应用前景的精细化工原料,在石油开采、纤维塑料改性、精细化工、生命科学等领域有广阔应用前景.研究了微通道反应器中以3-(N,N-二甲氨基)-N,N-二甲基丙酰胺(DMDA)为原料、四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为催化剂合成DMAA的催化裂解新工艺.考察了催化剂用量、体积流速、反应温度对DMDA单程转化率的影响.优化选择了较优工艺参数组合:催化剂用量m(TBAB):m(DMDA)为O.02,体积流速O.24mL·min-1,反应温度270℃,DMDA单程转化率达17.O%,时空转化率(STC)达2.36×109mol·m-3·h-1.微通道反应器中时空收率是常规反应器的1500倍.