热熔挤出技术在制药领域的研究进展

热熔挤出技术对提高难溶性药物溶解度、增强药物稳定性和掩盖药物异味等方面具有突出优势,被广泛应用于在制备缓释、速释制剂和经皮给药制剂等方面。主要综述了热熔挤出技术用于制药研究的优势及其近年来在制药领域中的应用。     

胰岛素经皮给药研究的新进展

经皮给药是胰岛素一种理想的给药方式,但是皮肤角质层的阻力、胰岛素分子在皮肤中的积累以及促渗方法的安全性等限制了胰岛素的经皮给药。作者分析了胰岛素经皮给药的优势和存在的问题,从减小角质层阻力、强化被动扩散和应用传递体为透皮给药载体3个方面,综述了近几年来国内外在胰岛素的经皮给药的研究上取得的最新进展,指出了存在的问题和研究的趋势。     

化妆品功能性成分经皮给药与研究

化妆品经皮给药的概念和技术来源于现代药剂学。物质经皮作用全过程 :经皮渗透、皮肤吸收、在作用部位积聚。与药物经皮给药的最大区别 ,化妆品经皮给药的最终目的是功能性成分的经皮渗透 ,在皮肤作用部位积聚并发挥功效作用。脂质体技术是种较好的控制释放系统。利用该技术研究制备维生素A脂体 ,包封率为 98.5 % ,粒径 0 .191μm。     

经皮渗透促进剂的研究

阐述常用经皮渗透促进剂在透皮制剂方面的应用特点,探讨其发展趋势。从经皮渗透促进剂的分类、影响因素及近年的应用进展等方面进行综述。阐明了不同经皮渗透促进剂的特点。合成和筛选对皮肤的刺激性小、作用力强的新型渗透促进剂,将是今后研究的方向。     

微针给药系统的研究进展

微针是一种具有微米尺度的经皮给药技术,从内部结构可分为实心与空心微针.制作微针的材料主要有硅、金属、聚合物等.微针增强了皮肤对药物尤其是大分子药物的渗透性,不会到达神经分布丰富的皮肤深层组织,并且使用方便,因此是一种高效、无痛、安全的经皮给药方式.微针在胰岛素给药、卵清蛋白的免疫接种、缓控释给药、微量输液等方面的研究为微针经皮给药提供了应用可能.     

纳米载体技术——从经皮给药到功效性化妆品

以纳米载体为核心的纳米制剂技术快速发展,成为国际医药学界发展的前沿和热点,在经皮给药和功效性化妆品领域也显示了巨大的发展和应用空间。本文结合笔者在相关领域多年的研究开发工作实践和应用案例,系统介绍了经皮给药纳米载体的基本特性及促进药物经皮渗透作用机制及其在经皮给药和功效性化妆品中的应用。     

用于气相色谱分析的样品导入技术及其应用

近几年气相色谱的样品导入技术发展迅猛,具有绿色环保等优势,如静态顶空、热脱附、固相微萃取等技术,逐渐取代了原有的传统进样方法,在化妆品、食品、包装和制药业中的挥发性成分测定中得到了广泛应用,具有较好的前景。因此就几种环保的样品导入方法进行分析。     

谈教学导入的创新策略

从增强教学导入功能,谋划教学导入方法,突出教学导入语言特色方面论述了教学导入的创新策略。     

大型碳纤维结构件用真空导入环氧树脂的对比分析

应用真空导入成型技术制作大型碳纤维复合材料结构件是大型化风电叶片制造技术的一个重要发展方向。由于碳纤维预成型体的可渗透性远远低于玻纤预成型体,因此具有特殊性能的环氧树脂是这一技术成功的关键。本文系统分析了三种专用环氧树脂体系的适用期、固化行为和力学性能,并与普通玻纤用环氧树脂进行了对比。分析结果表明,三种专用树脂的适用期长短不一,但都大于普通树脂;环氧酸酐体系固化过程中性能建立慢的特点,使其在大型结构件的应用中存在风险;预成型体预热有助于获得高纤维体积含量和力学性能更佳的碳纤维复合材料。     

纤维过滤技术在水处理中的研究进展综述

作为一种新兴的水处理过滤技术,纤维过滤技术凭借诸多优点逐渐成为研究热点。从纤维过滤技术特点和常见的纤维过滤器两个方面,介绍了纤维过滤技术的基本情况。再从工业污水、市政污水、饮用水、海水淡化四个方面详细论述了纤维过滤技术在水处理中的应用。最后从改进滤料和改进纤维过滤器两个方面论述了纤维过滤技术的研究趋势。     

Effect of different polymeric dispersions on In-vitro dissolution rate and stability of celecoxib class II drug

Solid dispersions can play a significant role in the enhancement of drug dissolution and stability. Still, the polymeric effect can vary according to the possibility of intermolecular forces with the drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of several polymers on enhancement in-vitro dissolution behavior of celecoxib; in addition to comparing prepared dispersions with selected commercial products. Solid dispersions of celecoxib were prepared with different ratios between the drug and selected polymer (Soluplus®, polyvinyl pyrrolidine, Chitosan, polyethylene glycol). Physicochemical characterizations were performed using Powder X-ray diffraction, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Dispersions were subjected to in-vitro drug release studies. Results revealed enhancement in dissolution rate for all dispersions prepared except for Chitosan-based dispersions that showed clear retardation in the drug release. Prepared dispersions from other polymers succeeded to match with release profile of two commercially marketed products (Celebrex® and Flamex®). Further Characterization of Chitosan dispersions revealed presence celecoxib in its crystalline form entrapped inside Chitosan carrier with the presence of two hydrogen bonding between Chitosan and celecoxib. Although both Polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol dispersions showed a great enhancement in drug release; both failed to maintain stability. Sticky paste formation occurred to dispersions, and recrystallization took place in polyethylene glycol dispersions.     

Polymorphism of pharmaceutical molecules: perspectives on nucleation

Polymorphism is a widespread phenomenon observed in more than half of all drug substances. Various polymorphs frequently possess different physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties that can profoundly affect the bioavailability, stability and other performance characteristics of the drug. Accordingly, the elucidation of the relationship between the particular polymorph of a pharmaceutical molecule and its functional properties is crucial to select the most suitable polymorph of the pharmaceutical molecule for development into a drug product. This review briefly introduces recent advances in the discovery and control of the polymorphs of pharmaceutical molecules, in terms of the enhancement of the selective nucleation of a particular polymorph. In the light of this, some cases discussed in the following is to be considered controversial.     

Polymorphism of pharmaceutical molecules: perspectives on nucleation

Polymorphism is a widespread phenomenon observed in more than half of all drug substances. Various polymorphs frequently possess different physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties that can profoundly affect the bioavailability, stability and other performance characteristics of the drug. Accordingly, the elucidation of the relationship between the particular polymorph of a pharmaceutical molecule and its functional properties is crucial to select the most suitable polymorph of the pharmaceutical molecule for development into a drug product. This review briefly introduces recent advances in the discovery and control of the polymorphs of pharmaceutical molecules, in terms of the enhancement of the selective nucleation of a particular polymorph. In the light of this, some cases discussed in the following is to be considered controversial.     

Controlled release of argatroban from PLA film—Effect of hydroxylesters as additives on enhancement of drug release

The aim of this study was to develop a drug eluting stent that prevents vein restenosis. For this, we selected argatroban as the study drug and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the matrix. To enhance the release of argatroban from PLA film, the addition of hydroxylesters (additives) was investigated. The additives investigated were diethyl tartrate (DET), diethyl malate (DEM), and triethyl citrate (TEC). Marked enhancement of drug release was observed in DET-added film, while TEC- or DEM-added film showed little enhancement. To clarify the effect of DET, the release profile based on the contents of the drug and DET in the film and the effect of alkyl chain length of tartrate were studied. Tartrates used were dimethyl, di-i-propyl, and di-n-butyl esters (DMT, DiPT, and DnBT, respectively), and the enhancement order was DMT ≅ DET ≫ DiPT ≅ DBT ≅ PLA alone. The reasons for enhancement were discussed from the viewpoint of drug release behavior, degradation of PLA, water uptake within the film, and SEM observations. It was concluded that enhancement of drug release was due to large amounts of water uptake within the film which resulted in the formation of open pores at its surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Surface enhanced fluorescence of anti-tumoral drug emodin adsorbed on silver nanoparticles and loaded on porous silicon

Fluorescence spectra of anti-tumoral drug emodin loaded on nanostructured porous silicon have been recorded. The use of colloidal nanoparticles allowed embedding of the drug without previous porous silicon functionalization and leads to the observation of an enhancement of fluorescence of the drug. Mean pore size of porous silicon matrices was 60 nm, while silver nanoparticles mean diameter was 50 nm. Atmospheric and vacuum conditions at room temperature were used to infiltrate emodin-silver nanoparticles complexes into porous silicon matrices. The drug was loaded after adsorption on metal surface, alone, and bound to bovine serum albumin. Methanol and water were used as solvents. Spectra with 1 μm spatial resolution of cross-section of porous silicon layers were recorded to observe the penetration of the drug. A maximum fluorescence enhancement factor of 24 was obtained when protein was loaded bound to albumin, and atmospheric conditions of inclusion were used. A better penetration was obtained using methanol as solvent when comparing with water. Complexes of emodin remain loaded for 30 days after preparation without an apparent degradation of the drug, although a decrease in the enhancement factor is observed. The study reported here constitutes the basis for designing a new drug delivery system with future applications in medicine and pharmacy.     

Biomaterial-Assisted Regenerative Medicine

This review aims to show case recent regenerative medicine based on biomaterial technologies. Regenerative medicine has arousing substantial interest throughout the world, with “The enhancement of cell activity” one of the essential concepts for the development of regenerative medicine. For example, drug research on drug screening is an important field of regenerative medicine, with the purpose of efficient evaluation of drug effects. It is crucial to enhance cell activity in the body for drug research because the difference in cell condition between in vitro and in vivo leads to a gap in drug evaluation. Biomaterial technology is essential for the further development of regenerative medicine because biomaterials effectively support cell culture or cell transplantation with high cell viability or activity. For example, biomaterial-based cell culture and drug screening could obtain information similar to preclinical or clinical studies. In the case of in vivo studies, biomaterials can assist cell activity, such as natural healing potential, leading to efficient tissue repair of damaged tissue. Therefore, regenerative medicine combined with biomaterials has been noted. For the research of biomaterial-based regenerative medicine, the research objective of regenerative medicine should link to the properties of the biomaterial used in the study. This review introduces regenerative medicine with biomaterial.     

The enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles in drug delivery and as biomarkers of drug-resistant cancer cells

The enhancement effect of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped gold nanoparticles (NPs) in drug delivery and as biomarkers of drug-resistant cancer cells has been demonstrated through fluorescence microscopy and electrochemical studies. The results of cell viability experiments and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies illustrate that these functionalized Au NPs could play an important role in efficient drug delivery and biomarking of drug-resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells. This could be explored as a novel strategy to inhibit multidrug resistance in targeted tumor cells and as a sensitive method for the early diagnosis of certain cancers. Our observations also indicate that the interaction between the functionalized Au NPs and biologically active molecules on the surface of leukemia cells may contribute the observed enhancement in cellular drug uptake.     

Iron oxide-based superparamagnetic polymeric nanomaterials: Design, preparation, and biomedical application

Recent advances in the development and biological applications of polymeric nanomaterials embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SIONPs) are summarized. Novel SIONP-polymer hybrid nanoparticles are prepared by various methods, including direct modification with polymers, surface-initiated controlled polymerization, inorganic silica/polymer hybridization, self-assembly, self-association, and various heterogeneous polymerization methods. They have potential for various biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, biological separation, protein immobilization, and biosensors.     

Design of Gelatin-Capped Plasmonic-Diatomite Nanoparticles with Enhanced Galunisertib Loading Capacity for Drug Delivery Applications

Inorganic diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) have gained increasing interest as drug delivery systems due to their porous structure, long half-life, thermal and chemical stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide DNPs with intriguing optical features that can be engineered and optimized for sensing and drug delivery applications. In this work, we combine DNPs with gelatin stabilized AuNPs for the development of an optical platform for Galunisertib delivery. To improve the DNP loading capacity, the hybrid platform is capped with gelatin shells of increasing thicknesses. Here, for the first time, full optical modeling of the hybrid system is proposed to monitor both the gelatin generation, degradation, and consequent Galunisertib release by simple spectroscopic measurements. Indeed, the shell thickness is optically estimated as a function of the polymer concentration by exploiting the localized surface plasmon resonance shifts of AuNPs. We simultaneously prove the enhancement of the drug loading capacity of DNPs and that the theoretical modeling represents an efficient predictive tool to design polymer-coated nanocarriers.     

几丁聚糖在促进药物吸收中的应用

大量的体内、体外实验表明,几丁聚糖及其衍生物具有良好的生物粘附性,能促进药物吸收,是非常有前景的药物吸收促进剂。讨论了几丁聚糖及其衍生物促进药物吸收作用的机制、影响因素,以及发展趋势。